3 mau laʻana o nā nīnau aniani maka
1. Manaʻo ʻia he mau aniani kou e kau ana i nā aniani me ka mana o -2 diopters. Nā aniani maka ma ke ʻano maʻamau he 2 kenimika mai ka maka.
(a) He mau aniani kou hoaaloha aniani ʻūpā a i ʻole aniani ʻōpuʻu ?
(b) He aha ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ke aniani?
(c) Nā maka o kou hoaaloha ʻike kokoke a i ʻole ʻike mamao Inā ʻike kokoke ʻoe, he aha ka mamao loa e hiki ai i kou mau maka ke ʻike? Inā ʻike kokoke ʻoe, he aha ka mamao kokoke loa e hiki ai i kou mau maka ke ʻike?
Pahana
Ua ʻike ʻia :
Mana aniani (P) = -2 diopters
Pane :
(a) He aniani ʻūpā a he aniani ʻūpā paha?
He maikaʻi ʻole ka mana o ka lens, no laila ʻo ka lens i hoʻohana ʻia he lens maikaʻi ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi he lens concave, ʻo ia hoʻi he lens diverging.
(b) He aha ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ke aniani?
P = 1/f
-2 = 1/f
f = 1/-2 = -0,5 mika = -50 kenimika
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o kahi aniani concave he 50 kenimika.
(c) He maka kokoke a he maka mamao paha kou hoaaloha?
Inā he aniani concave ka aniani i hoʻohana ʻia a laila e like nā maka o kāu hoaaloha ʻike kokokeInā ʻike kokoke ʻo ia, he aha ka mamao loa e hiki ai i nā maka o kou hoaaloha ke ʻike?
ʻO ke kiko mamao loa o ka maka maʻamau he palena ʻole, ʻoiai ʻike mamao kou hoaaloha no laila ʻo ka mamao loa i ʻike ʻia e ka maka o kou hoaaloha he emi ia ma mua o ka palena ʻole. I mea e hiki ai i ka maka o kou hoaaloha ke ʻike i nā mea ma kahi mamao palena ʻole e like me ka maka maʻamau, pono ke aniani maka e hana i kiʻi o ka mea ma kahi mamao o x cm i mua o ke aniani. Aia ke kiʻi i mua o ke aniani maka no laila ua kū pololei ke kiʻi a virtual (e hoʻohālikelike i ka wehewehe ʻana ma ke kumuhana kiʻi aniani ʻūpā). No ka mea he virtual ke kiʻi, he maikaʻi ʻole ka mamao o ke kiʻi (s'). Pēlā nō, he maikaʻi ʻole ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka lens no ka mea he aniani ʻūpā.
-1/s' = 1/f – 1/s
-1/s' = -1/50 – 1/~ = -1/50 – 0
-1/s' = -1/50
s' = 50 kenimika
ʻO ka mamao o ke kiʻi i mua o ke aniani maka he 50 kenimika. ʻO nā aniani he 2 kenimika i mua o ka maka no laila ʻo ka mamao o ke kiʻi i mua o ka maka he 50 kenimika + 2 kenimika = 52 kenimika. ʻO 52 kenimika ka mamao loa e hiki ke ʻike ʻia e ka maka ʻike kokoke i ka pilikia ma luna. ʻO ka mamao loa e hiki ke ʻike ʻia e ka maka maʻamau he palena ʻole.
2. Manaʻo ʻoe he mau aniani maka me nā aniani diopter 4 kāu ipo wahine. ʻO ka maʻamau, aia nā aniani he 2 kenimika ma mua o kona mau maka.
(a) Ke hoʻohana nei nā maka aniani o kāu ipo wahine i nā aniani concave a i ʻole nā aniani convex?
(b) He aha ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ke aniani?
(c) He ʻike kokoke a ʻike mamao paha kāu ipo wahine? Inā ʻike kokoke ʻoe, he aha ka mamao loa e hiki ai i kou mau maka ke ʻike? Inā ʻike kokoke ʻoe, he aha ka mamao kokoke loa e hiki ai i ka maka ke ʻike?
Pahana
Ua ʻike ʻia :
Mana aniani (P) = 4 diopters
Pane :
(a) He aniani ʻūpā a he aniani ʻūpā paha?
He maikaʻi ka mana o ka lens, no laila ʻo ka lens i hoʻohana ʻia he lens maikaʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi he lens convex, ʻo ia hoʻi he lens convergent.
(b) He aha ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ke aniani?
P = 1/f
4 = 1/f
f = 1/4 = 0,25 mika = 25 kenimika
ʻO 25 kenimika ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o kahi aniani convex.
(c) He maka kokoke a he maka mamao paha kou hoaaloha?
Inā he aniani convex ka aniani i hoʻohana ʻia a laila e like nā maka o kāu ipo wahine ʻike mamaoInā ʻike kokoke ʻoe, he aha ka mamao kokoke loa e hiki ai i ka maka ke ʻike?
ʻO ke kiko kokoke o ka maka maʻamau he 25 kenimika. I mea e hiki ai i nā maka o kāu ipo wahine ke ʻike i kahi mea he 25 kenimika ka mamao e like me ka maka maʻamau, pono ke aniani maka e hana i kiʻi ma kahi mamao o x kenimika ma mua o ke aniani. ʻO ke aniani maka he 2 kenimika ma mua o ka maka, no laila ʻo ka mamao o ka mea i mua o ke aniani he 25 kenimika - 2 kenimika = 23 kenimika. Aia ke kiʻi i mua o ke aniani maka, no laila kū pololei ke kiʻi a virtual (e hoʻohālikelike i ka wehewehe ʻana ma ke kumuhana kiʻi aniani convex)He kiʻi paʻa ke kiʻi, no laila he hōʻailona maikaʻi ʻole ko ka mamao o ke kiʻi (s').
-1/s' = 1/f – 1/s
-1/s' = 1/25 – 1/23 = 23/575 – 25/575 = -2/575
-s' = 575/-2 = -287,5 kenimika = -2,875 mika
s' = 287,5 kenimika = 2,875 mika
ʻO ka mamao o ke kiʻi ma mua o ke aniani maka he 287,5 kenimika. ʻO ka mamao o ke kiʻi ma mua o ka maka he 287,5 kenimika + 2 kenimika = 289,5 kenimika. ʻO 289,5 kenimika ka mamao kokoke loa e ʻike ʻia e ka maka ʻike kokoke i ka pilikia ma luna. ʻO ka mamao kokoke loa e ʻike ʻia e ka maka maʻamau he 25 kenimika.
3. Hiki i ke kanaka ke heluhelu maopopo ma kahi mamao o 50 kenimika. I mea e hiki ai ke heluhelu maopopo ma kahi mamao o 30 kenimika, ʻo ka mana lens e pono ai…
A. 1/3 diopter
B. 2/3 diopters
C. 3/4 diopters
D. 4/3 diopters
Pahana
Loaʻa i ke kanaka ka ʻike kokoke, ʻo nā aniani i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā maka ʻike kokoke he mau aniani convex a i ʻole nā aniani convergent a i ʻole nā aniani maikaʻi.
I mea e nānā ʻia ai kahi mea ma kahi mamao o 30 kenimika i mua o ka maka, pono ke aniani e hana i kiʻi ma kahi mamao o 50 kenimika i mua o ka maka. Aia ke kiʻi i mua o ka aniani, no laila ua kū pololei a virtual ke kiʻi.
Ua ʻike ʻia:
Ka mamao o ka mea (s) = 30 kenimika
Ka mamao o ke kiʻi (s') = -50 kenimika (maikaʻi ʻole no ka mea he virtual)
Nīnau: Mana aniani (P)
Pane:
Ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena (f) o ke aniani:
1/f = 1/s + 1/s'
1/f = 1/30 + 1/-50
1/f = 5/150 – 3/150
1/f = 2/150
f = 150/2 = 75 kenimika = 0,75 mika = 75/100 mika
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena maikaʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi, he aniani convex ka aniani i hoʻohana ʻia.
Mana aniani:
P = 1/f
P = 1 : 75/100 = 1 x 100/75
P = 100/75 (māhele ʻia e 25)
P = 4/3 diopters
ʻO D ka pane pololei.
Nā nīnau e pili ana i nā aniani maka
1. Hoʻohana kekahi nā aniani he mana o -2,5 diopters. Inā ma ke ʻano laulā he 2 cm ka lens o ka maka mai ka maka, e hoʻoholo:
(a) Hoʻohana anei nā aniani i nā aniani convex a i ʻole concave?
(b) He aha ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka aniani maka?
(c) He ʻike kokoke a he ʻike mamao paha nā maka o ke kanaka? Inā ʻike kokoke ʻoe, he aha ka mamao loa e hiki ai i kou mau maka ke ʻike? Inā ʻike kokoke ʻoe, he aha ka mamao kokoke loa e hiki ai i ka maka ke ʻike?
Kī pane:
a = aniani hoʻokaʻawale = aniani maikaʻi ʻole = aniani….
b = 40 knm
c = Pōʻakolu lōʻihi. ʻO ka mamao loa = 42 kenimika
2. Manaʻo ʻoe e hoʻohana ana kāu ipo mua nā aniani me ka mana o 4,5 diopters 🙂 . Inā maʻamau ka mamao o ke aniani maka he 2 cm mai ka maka, e hoʻoholo:
(a) Ua hoʻohana anei nā maka aniani o kāu ipo mua i nā aniani concave a convex paha?
(b) He aha ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka aniani maka?
(c) He ʻike kokoke a ʻike mamao paha kāu ipo mua? Inā ʻike mamao, he aha ka mamao loa e hiki ai i ka maka ke ʻike? Inā ʻike mamao, he aha ka mamao kokoke loa e hiki ai i ka maka ke ʻike?
Kī pane:
a = aniani hoʻākoakoa = aniani maikaʻi = aniani….
b = 22,2 knm
c = ʻIke kokoke. Ka mamao kokoke loa = 13,3 kenimika
