He aha ka hopena Hypertonic? I loko o nā papa kemika a me ka biology, piʻi pinepine ka huaʻōlelo hypertonic solution i ka wā e kūkākūkā ai i ka neʻe ʻana o ka wai ma o nā membrane cell, ke kaulike wai o ke kino, a me kāna mau noi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻOiai he ʻano loea paha ia, he maʻalahi loa ka manaʻo o kahi hopena hypertonic ke hoʻomaopopo inā maopopo iā mākou ke kī: ka ʻokoʻa o ka nui o ka solute a pehea e "huki" ai kēlā ʻokoʻa i ka wai e neʻe. … heluhelu hou
Nā Waiwai a me nā Hoʻohana o nā Pūhui Silicon ʻO Silicon kekahi o nā mea nui loa i ke ola hou, ʻoiai ua huikau pinepine ʻia me "silica" a i ʻole "silicon" i nā pōʻaiapili o kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO Silicon (Si) ka mea kemika me ka helu atomika 14 a nui i loko o ka ʻili o ka Honua, ma ke ʻano he mau pūhui, ʻaʻole ma ke ʻano he mea manuahi. ʻO ia ke kumu o nā mea like ʻole—mai... heluhelu hou
Nā Hana Kemika i ke Kaʻina Hana ʻAi ʻO ka ʻai ʻana kekahi o nā hanana kemika e pili loa ana i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā, akā hiki i kona hopena ke koʻikoʻi. Mai nā pā e popopo ana a hiki i nā mōlina kaʻa nāwaliwali a hiki i nā paipu ʻoihana e liki ana—hiki i nā mea āpau ke hoʻomaka me ke kaʻina hana ʻai ʻana. I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka ʻai ʻana ma ke ʻano he hōʻino ʻana o nā mea (ʻoi aku hoʻi nā metala) ma muli o nā hana kemika a i ʻole... heluhelu hou
Ke Hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka Metabolism Mua a me ka Lua ʻO ka Metabolism ka moʻo holoʻokoʻa o nā hopena kemika e hana ʻia i loko o nā cell o nā meaola ola e mālama i ke ola. Ma o ka metabolism, loaʻa i nā meaola ka ikehu, kūkulu a hoʻoponopono i nā ʻano kino, a hoʻololi i nā loli o ke kaiapuni. Ma ke ʻano laulā, ua māhele ʻia ka metabolism i ʻelua mau pūʻulu nui: ka metabolism mua a me ka metabolism lua. He mea nui like nā mea ʻelua, … heluhelu hou
ʻO ka Hana o kahi Tube Nessler i ke Kemika Analytical I ke kemika analytical, hoʻoholo pinepine ʻia ka pololei o kahi ana e ke ʻano o ka hoʻomalu ʻana o ka mea loiloi i nā loli liʻiliʻi e hoʻopilikia i nā hopena. Ma waho aʻe o nā mea hana hou e like me nā spectrophotometers, aia kekahi mau mea aniani maʻalahi e pili mau ana ma muli o kā lākou mau hana kikoʻī a me ka hana. ʻO kekahi o ia mau mea hana ʻo ia ka Nessler tube. ʻOiai ke ʻano like me kahi tube hoʻāʻo maʻamau, … heluhelu hou
He aha ka Acid-Base Titration? ʻO ka Acid-base titration kahi ʻano loiloi kemika i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā keʻena hoʻokolohua e hoʻoholo ai i ka nui o kahi hopena waikawa a kumu paha. He maʻalahi kēia ʻano hana i ka manaʻo, akā he mea nui loa ia i ka hana, ʻoiai hoʻi i ka hoʻonaʻauao, ʻoihana, lāʻau lapaʻau, meaʻai, a me ke kaiapuni. Hiki iā Titration ke hoʻoholo i ka nui o kahi mea... heluhelu hou
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana o ke kinoea naikokene i ka ʻoihana ʻO ke kinoea naikokene (N₂) kekahi o nā kinoea nui loa i ka lewa o ka Honua, e hana ana ma kahi o 78% o ka lewa. ʻOiai kona nui, he mau ʻano kūikawā ko ka naikokene kinoea: he ʻano inert (ʻaʻole pane maʻalahi), ʻaʻohe kala, ʻaʻohe ʻala, a ʻaʻohe mea ʻawahia i nā ʻano maʻamau. ʻO kēia mau waiwai e lilo ai ka naikokene i mea waiwai nui i... heluhelu hou
Nā ʻAno Kemika o nā Mea Honua Alkaline ʻO nā mea honua alkaline kahi hui o nā mea i loko o ka papa periodic i loko o ka hui IIA (hui 2), ʻo ia hoʻi ka beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), a me radium (Ra). Ua kapa ʻia kēia hui ʻo "alkaline earth" no ka mea he kumu (alkaline) ko lākou mau oxides a i nā lā mua o ke kemika ua loaʻa pinepine ʻia i loko o nā minelala "honua"... heluhelu hou
ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i nā waikawa a me nā kumu He mākaukau kumu akā koʻikoʻi ka ʻike ʻana i nā waikawa a me nā kumu i ka kemika, inā no nā hana kula, nā hoʻokolohua hale hana, a i ʻole nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā. He nui nā mea a mākou e ʻike ai a puni ka hale—e like me ka vīnega, nā hua citrus, ke kopa, a me ka detergent—he mau waiwai waikawa a kumu paha. Ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana pehea e ʻike ai iā lākou, hiki iā mākou ke palekana i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā kemika, ʻoi aku... heluhelu hou
Ka Hoʻohana ʻana o ka Benzoic Acid ma ke ʻano he Mea Hoʻomalu ʻO ka Benzoic acid kahi mea hoʻomalu i hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻia i ka ʻoihana meaʻai a me ka mea inu. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia mea he pono i ka pale ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o nā microorganism e hoʻoulu ai i ka palaho o ka meaʻai, ʻoiai ka ʻōpala a me ka hū. Ma muli o kona mau waiwai paʻa, ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana, a me ke kumukūʻai kūpono, he koho kaulana ka benzoic acid no ka mālama ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai. heluhelu hou