Indima Yezengqondo Ekwakhiweni Kwesixhumi Esibonakalayo Somsebenzisi
Ukwakheka kwe-interface yomsebenzisi (i-UI) kungenye yezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bolwazi. I-UI ayihlanganisi nje kuphela ubuhle bohlelo lokusebenza noma iwebhusayithi, kodwa futhi nendlela abasebenzisi abangasebenzisana ngayo nohlelo ngempumelelo nangendlela ejabulisayo. Ukudala i-UI ephumelelayo kudinga indlela ehlukahlukene, kanye ne-psychology edlala indima ebalulekile. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngendlela izimiso zengqondo ezingasiza ngayo ukuklama i-interface yomsebenzisi engcono.
Izisekelo Ze-Psychology Kumklamo We-UI
I-Psychology iwucwaningo lokuziphatha komuntu kanye nezinqubo zengqondo. Ngokomongo womklamo we-UI, lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuqonda komsebenzisi, ukunaka, inkumbulo, kanye nesisusa. Zonke lezi zici ziyacatshangelwa ukudala isikhombikubona esinembile nesisebenziseka kalula. Nazi ezinye zezindlela zengqondo ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwe-UI:
1. Umbono Wokuqonda
Ukuqonda kuhlobene nendlela abasebenzisi abacubungula ngayo ulwazi futhi benze izinqumo. Ukwakheka okuhle kwe-UI kumele kucabangele ukulinganiselwa kwengqondo yomuntu, njengomthamo wememori yesikhathi esifushane. Ngokusho kwethiyori yokucubungula, ulwazi oluhlukaniswe ngezingcezu ezincane kulula ukulukhumbula nokuyicubungula. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kolwazi ku-UI kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela enciphisa umthwalo wokuqonda.
2. Ithiyori ye-Gestalt
Ithiyori ye-Gestalt ivela kwi-psychology yaseJalimane, ehlola indlela abantu abavame ukubona ngayo nokuhlanganisa izinto ndawonye. Izimiso ezinjengokusondela, ukufana, ukuvala, kanye nokuqhubeka zingasetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwe-UI ukuze abasebenzisi bakwazi ukuqonda kalula isakhiwo kanye nokuhlelwa kolwazi.
– Ukusondelana kusho ukuthi izakhi eziseduze zizobhekwa njengengxenye yeqembu elifanayo.
– Ukufana kubonisa ukuthi izinto ezibukeka ngendlela efanayo zizobhekwa njengeqembu elilodwa.
– Ukuvalwa kwenza abasebenzisi bathambekele kakhulu ekugcwaliseni amafomu angaphelele noma angaphelele.
– Ukuqhubeka kuwumkhuba wabasebenzisi wokulandela izindlela noma amaphethini akhona.
3. Ukunaka Nokuphazamiseka
Ukunaka kuwukugxila kwengqondo komsebenzisi esicini esithile. I-psychology yokunaka isiza abaklami ukuqonda ukuthi abasebenzisi baqondisa kanjani ukunaka kwabo nokuthi bangagwema kanjani iziphazamiso ezingadingekile. Umthetho kaFitts uyisimiso esiwusizo kulo mongo, uthi isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze kufinyelelwe kuhloswe sincike ebangeni kanye nosayizi walo. Ku-UI, lokhu kusho ukuthi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kufanele zibe nkulu futhi zisondele ephuzwini eliyinhloko lokuxhumana.
4. Umbono Wokugqugquzelwa Nemizwa
Imizwa idlala indima ebalulekile kokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi. Umklamo omuhle udlula nje ukuhlangabeza izidingo zomsebenzi zabasebenzisi; kumele futhi ucabangele izici zemizwa. Ithiyori kaMaslow yokugqugquzela kanye nethiyori yezinqubo ezimbili zinikeza isiqondiso sendlela yokuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zabasebenzisi futhi zibashukumisele ukuthatha izinyathelo abazifunayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Psychology ku-UI Design
Ngokusekelwe ezimisweni ezingenhla, nazi ezinye izindlela eziqondile lapho i-psychology isetshenziswa khona ekwakheni izixhumanisi zomsebenzisi:
1. Umbala kanye Nokuthayipha
Umbala unethonya elikhulu ekuboneni komsebenzisi kanye nemizwa . Imibala ehlukene ingavusa imizwa ehlukene; isibonelo, okuluhlaza kuvame ukuvusa umuzwa wokuzola, kanti okubomvu kungavusa imizwa yokuphuthuma. Ukukhetha ukuthayipha kufanele futhi kucabangele ukufundeka kanye nokufaneleka kwezici ezifunwayo.
2. Ukuhlanganiswa Kolwazi
Ulwazi kufanele luhlelwe ngendlela enengqondo futhi lufinyeleleke kalula. Ukusebenzisa izihloko, amaphuzu ezinhlamvu, kanye nezigaba ezimfushane kusiza abasebenzisi ukucubungula ulwazi ngempumelelo enkulu. Ukuhlanganisa ulwazi oluhlobene ndawonye (ukuhlanganisa) kusebenzisa nezimiso zokuqonda.
3. Impendulo kanye Nokungaguquguquki
Ukunikeza impendulo ecacile kubasebenzisi ngemuva kokwenza isenzo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza njengoba kulindelekile. Ukuvumelana ekwakhiweni , kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusetshenziswa izithonjana, imibala, noma ukwakheka, kusiza abasebenzisi ukwakha amamodeli engqondo futhi bafunde uhlelo ngokushesha.
4. Ukuzulazula kanye Nokuklama Ukusebenzisana
Ukuzulazula okusebenzayo kuyinsika yesipiliyoni esihle somsebenzisi. Ukuqonda izinqubo nemikhuba yokucabanga yabasebenzisi kungasiza abaklami ukuthi bakhe ukuzulazula okunembile. Izimiso ezifana noMthetho kaHick, othi ukwandisa inani lezinketho kwandisa isikhathi sokwenza izinqumo, kungasiza ekwenzeni lula amamenyu okuzulazula.
5. Ukutholakala
Ukuklama ukuze kufinyeleleke kusho ukudala izixhumi ezifinyeleleka kuwo wonke umuntu, kuhlanganise nalabo abakhubazekile. Izimiso ezifana ne-Universal Design kanye ne-Inclusive Design, ezisekelwe ekuqondeni ngokwengqondo kwemikhawulo yabasebenzisi engokomzimba nengokwengqondo, ziqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ingasetshenziswa ngabantu abaningi.
6. Ukusebenzisana okuncane
Izinto ezincane ezifana nokugqwayiza, ukushintsha kombala we-hover, noma izaziso zingathuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi lonke. Lokhu kusebenzisana okuncane kuvame ukusebenzisa izimiso zengqondo ezifana ne-Immediate Feedback kanye ne-Positive Reinforcement ukwenza ukusebenzisana komsebenzisi kwanelise kakhudlwana.
Ucwaningo Lwecala: Ukusebenzisa I-Psychology Kumapulatifomu Athandwayo
Ake sibheke amanye amapulatifomu adumile nokuthi asebenzisa kanjani izimiso zengqondo ekwakhiweni kwawo kwe-UI:
1. Facebook
I-Facebook isebenzisa umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ozolile onciphisa iziphazamiso. Okuphakelayo kwezindaba kuhlelwe kusetshenziswa i-algorithm ecabangela ukuzibandakanya kwabasebenzisi, okwenza kube lula ukuthi baqhubeke nokuskrola. Izinto ezisebenzisanayo njengezinkinobho ze-Like, Reaction, kanye ne-Comment zinikeza impendulo esheshayo nengokomzwelo kubasebenzisi.
I-2 Apple
I-Apple yaziwa ngemiklamo yayo emincane nenhle. Basebenzisa izimiso Zokulula Nokuhambisana kuyo yonke imikhiqizo yabo. Impendulo ebonakalayo efana nokushintsha kombala kanye nezithombe ezinyakazayo ezicashile inikeza abasebenzisi izinkomba ezicacile zesimo sabo kanye nezenzo zamanje.
I-3 Ama-Amazon
I-Amazon isebenzisa Izinhlelo Zokwenza Izinto Zibe Zezifiso Nezincomo eziqonda ukuziphatha kokuthenga komsebenzisi futhi zinikeze iziphakamiso zomkhiqizo ezifanele. Ukubekwa kwezinkinobho zokuthenga ezinkulu nezifinyeleleka kalula kulandela uMthetho we-Fitts ukuze kube lula ukukhokha.
Isiphetho
I-Psychology idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwesikhombimsebenzisi somsebenzisi, isiza abaklami baqonde ukuthi abantu basebenzisana kanjani nobuchwepheshe kanye nendlela abacubungula ngayo ulwazi. Ngokusebenzisa izimiso zengqondo, abaklami bangakha ama-UI angagcini nje ngokusebenza kodwa futhi alula futhi ajabulisayo ukuwasebenzisa. Umklamo omuhle awugcini nje ngobuhle; kodwa futhi umayelana nokudala okuhlangenwe nakho okuphendula izidingo zomsebenzisi kanye nokulindelwe. Ukuhlanganiswa okufanele komklamo kanye ne-psychology kusisondeza kubuchwepheshe obusebenziseka kalula futhi obuhlanganisa wonke umuntu.
