I-Psychology Yokuguga Nenhlalakahle Kwabantu Asebekhulile
Ukuguga kuyinqubo yemvelo etholwa yiwo wonke umuntu kusukela ekuzalweni kuze kube sekufeni. Kodwa-ke, ukuguga akukhona nje ukwandisa ubudala noma izinguquko ezibonakalayo zomzimba. Ukuguga nakho kuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengqondo: indlela umuntu aqonda ngayo impilo, abhekana ngayo nokulahlekelwa, azivumelanise nezindima zomphakathi ezishintshayo, futhi alondoloze umuzwa wencazelo. Kulo mongo, i-psychology yokuguga ifunda izinguquko zengqondo, zemizwa, kanye nezenhlalo ekugugeni, kanye nezici ezisiza abantu abadala ukuba bafinyelele inhlalakahle ekugugeni.
Ukuqonda i-psychology yokuguga
Ngokwengqondo, ukuguga kuhilela izinguquko ezicini eziningana ezibalulekile: ukusebenza kwengqondo, imizwa, ubuntu, ukuzazi, kanye nobudlelwano bezenhlalo. Lezi zinguquko ziyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Abanye abantu abadala bahlala bekhuthele, bekhiqiza, futhi benethemba, kanti abanye bangase babe nesisusa esinciphile, babe nokuzihlukanisa, noma bathambekele ekucindezelekeni. Lokhu kwehluka kuthonywa izici zebhayoloji (impilo, izakhi zofuzo), izici zengqondo (ukusekelwa komndeni, isimo sezomnotho), kanye nomlando wokuphila (ukuhlukumezeka, imfundo, umsebenzi, kanye nezindinganiso).
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukuguga akuyona nje isikhathi "sokwehla." Abantu abadala abaningi empeleni babonisa amazinga aphezulu okuqina. Bakwazi kangcono ukulawula imizwa yabo, benze izinqumo ezihlakaniphile, futhi babe nombono obanzi ngempilo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuguga kungaba yisigaba esinamandla sokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo.
Izinguquko zengqondo kubantu asebekhulile
Enye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu ezihlobene nokuguga ukwehla kwenkumbulo. Ngempela, eminye imisebenzi yokuqonda ivame ukwehla ngokuguga, ikakhulukazi isivinini sokucubungula ulwazi, ikhono lokwenza imisebenzi eminingi, kanye nenkumbulo yesikhashana. Abantu abadala bangase baphuze ukukhumbula amagama noma izindawo, noma bathathe isikhathi eside ukufunda ubuchwepheshe obusha.
Nokho, akuzona zonke izici zokuqonda ezinciphayo. Ulwazi oluqongelelwe kuyo yonke impilo (ngokuvamile olubizwa ngokuthi "ubuhlakani obucwebezelayo"), njengolwazi lwamagama, ukuqonda komphakathi, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okusebenzayo, empeleni lungagcinwa noma luthuthukiswe. Yingakho abantu abadala bevame ukuba umthombo weseluleko esinengqondo kanye nokwahlulela emndenini.
Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinguquko ezivamile zokuqonda kanye nezinkinga ezinkulu ezifana ne-dementia. Ukukhohlwa ngezikhathi ezithile kuyinto evamile, kodwa uma umuntu evame ukulahleka ezindaweni azijwayele, enenkinga yokuzinakekela, noma ebhekana nezinguquko ezinkulu zobuntu, umndeni kufanele ufune usizo lochwepheshe. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kungasiza ekunciphiseni inqubekela phambili futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphila.
Impilo yengqondo: ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, kanye nesizungu
Inhlalakahle yengqondo yabantu abadala ivame ukuvivinywa ngezimo ezivamile zokuguga, njengomhlalaphansi, impilo ewohlokayo, ukulahlekelwa umlingani, noma indima encishisiwe emphakathini. Lezi zimo zingabangela ukucindezeleka, imizwa yokungafaneleki, nokudabuka okukhulu.
Ukucindezeleka kubantu abadala kuvame ukungatholakali ngoba izimpawu zako zingazifihla njengezimpawu zomzimba: ukukhathala, ubuhlungu, ubunzima bokulala, noma ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunombono oyiphutha wokuthi ukudabuka nosizi kuyinto evamile ekugugeni. Kodwa-ke, ukucindezeleka akuyona ingxenye evamile yokuguga. Ukucindezeleka kungaphathwa futhi kufanele kwelashwe ngokwelulekwa, ukwesekwa komphakathi, imisebenzi enenjongo, kanye, uma kudingeka, ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha.
Isizungu naso siyinkinga enkulu. Isizungu asikona nje ukuhlala wedwa, kodwa futhi nokuzizwa ungaxhunyiwe ngokomzwelo. Abantu abadala asebekhulile abangakhulumisani njalo, abangabandakanyeki ezinqumweni zomndeni, noma abangenabo ontanga bangathola ukuhlukaniswa nabantu. Isizungu sesikhathi eside sihlotshaniswa nokuncipha kwempilo yomzimba, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, ngisho nengozi yokwehla kwengqondo. Ngakho-ke, ukwakha inethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu efudumele nehlala njalo kubalulekile enhlalakahleni.
Ukuzazi kanye nencazelo yokuphila ebudaleni
Ekugugeni, umuntu uvame ukubhekana nokushintsha kobuntu bakhe: kusukela esisebenzini kuya emhlalaphansi, kusukela ekuzimeleni kuya ekuxhomekeni kuye, noma kusukela "kumnakekeli" kuya ekunakekelweni. Lezi zinguquko zingaholela enkingeni yokuzethemba. Abantu abadala abaningi bazizwa bengadingeki noma bengakhiqizi lutho.
Yilapho incazelo yokuphila idlala khona indima enkulu. Abantu abadala abagcina umuzwa wenjongo—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi mncane kangakanani—bavame ukuba nempilo enhle ngokwengqondo. Injongo ingafaka phakathi ukunakekela abazukulu, ukulima ingadi, ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini yomphakathi, ukukhulekela, ukubhala, ukufundisa, noma ukuzibandakanya komphakathi. Umuzwa wokuthi impilo isabalulekile ungumthombo obalulekile wamandla engqondo.
Umqondo "wokuguga okuphumelelayo" ugcizelela ukuthi ikhwalithi yokuphila ayinqunywa ukungabi nezifo kuphela, kodwa kunalokho ikhono lokuzivumelanisa nezimo, ukugcina ubudlelwano obunenjongo, nokuhlala uhilelekile emisebenzini efanele amakhono akho.
Izici ezisekela inhlalakahle yabantu asebekhulile
Inhlalakahle kubantu abadala inezici eziningi: ihlanganisa izici zemizwa (imizwa yenjabulo nokuzola), izici zengqondo (ukuzethemba, ukuzimela), kanye nezici zomphakathi (ukusekela nokuzibandakanya). Ezinye izici ezibalulekile ezifaka isandla kulokhu zifaka:
1. Ukusekelwa komndeni kanye nobudlelwano obuhle
Ikhwalithi yobudlelwano ibaluleke kakhulu kunenani labantu abaseduze. Abantu abadala badinga ukuxhumana okunenhlonipho, hhayi nje usizo lwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukulalela izindaba zabo, ukucela imibono yabo, nokubafaka emicimbini yomndeni kungandisa umuzwa wabo wokuba yingxenye yabo.
2. Umsebenzi womzimba kanye nempilo yomzimba
Ukuzivocavoca okulula njengokuhamba, i-gymnastics yabantu abadala, i-tai chi, noma ukwelula kungathuthukisa isimo sengqondo, ikhwalithi yokulala, kanye nokusebenza kwengqondo. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kwenza abantu abadala bazizwe benamandla kakhulu ngoba imizimba yabo isazizwa "isebenza kahle."
3. Ukukhuthaza nokufunda kwengqondo
Ukufunda, ukwenza amaphazili, ukufunda amakhono amasha, noma ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe kungagcina ubuchopho busebenza kancane kancane. Ukufunda kunikeza umuzwa wokufeza okuthile futhi kuvimbela umbono wokuthi abantu abadala abakwazi ukuchuma.
4. Ukuzimela nokulawula izinqumo zokuphila
Abantu abadala abanikezwa ithuba lokwenza izinqumo—ngokwesibonelo, ukukhetha imenyu, ukuhlela imisebenzi, noma ukuhlela indawo yabo yokuhlala—bavame ukuba sesimweni esihle kakhulu. Ukungenelela okuningi ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kwabo kungabashiya bezizwa bengalawuleki.
5. Ingokomoya nokwamukelwa
Kwabaningi, ingokomoya liyabasiza ukuba babhekane nokungaqiniseki, ubuhlungu, nokulahlekelwa. Ukubonga, amasiko enkolo, kanye nokuzindla ngencazelo yokuphila kungakhuthaza ukuthula kwangaphakathi.
Indima yomphakathi kanye nendawo enobungane nabantu abadala
Inhlalakahle yabantu abadala ayiyona nje umthwalo wemfanelo wabantu kanye nemindeni, kodwa futhi nowomphakathi. Indawo enobungane nabantu abadala ihlanganisa ukufinyelela ezinsizakalweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo, ezokuthutha ezilula, izindawo zomphakathi eziphephile, kanye nezinhlelo zomphakathi ezikhuthaza ukubamba iqhaza kwabantu abadala. Izikhala zezempilo zomphakathi zabantu abadala (iPosyandu), amaqembu okufunda enkolo, amaqembu okuzivocavoca alula, noma amakilasi amakhono anganikeza inkundla yokuxhumana nokusekela.
Abezindaba nabo badlala indima ekukhuthazeni umbono olinganayo ngabantu abadala. Imibono yokuthi abantu abadala “bayakhathaza” noma “abakhiqizi” ingalimaza ukuzethemba kwabo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho umphakathi ukwazisa okuhlangenwe nakho kanye neminikelo yabantu abadala, bakhuthazwa kakhulu ukuba bahlale bekhuthele.
Amasu alula okuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yabantu asebekhulile
Ezinye izinyathelo eziwusizo imindeni nabanakekeli abangazithatha zifaka: ukusungula inqubo yansuku zonke ezinzile, ukuhlanganyela ezingxoxweni ezivamile nabantu asebekhulile, ukunikeza amathuba emisebenzi abayijabulelayo, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izidingo eziyisisekelo ziyahlangatshezwa. Uma abantu asebekhulile bebonisa izimpawu zokucindezeleka noma ukukhathazeka isikhathi eside, ungangabazi ukufuna usizo kudokotela wengqondo, wezifo zengqondo, noma umeluleki. Ukusekelwa kochwepheshe akulona uphawu lobuthakathaka, kodwa kuyisinyathelo sokugcina ikhwalithi yokuphila.
I-Penutup
Ingqondo yokuguga ifundisa ukuthi ukuguga kuyisigaba esishintshashintshayo, hhayi ukuphela kokukhula. Nakuba kuvela izinselele, okuhlanganisa izinguquko zomzimba, ingozi yokugula, kanye nokulahlekelwa yizindima noma abathandekayo, ngokusekelwa okufudumele komphakathi, imisebenzi enenjongo, ukuzamukela, kanye nendawo yokwamukela, abantu abadala bangafinyelela amazinga aphezulu enhlalakahle. Ekugcineni, ikhwalithi yokuphila ekugugeni inqunywa kakhulu yindlela thina—njengabantu ngabanye, imindeni, kanye nemiphakathi—esidala ngayo izindawo zabantu abadala ukuze baqhubeke nokuzizwa bebalulekile, bexhumene, futhi benenjongo.
