Ukubaluleka Kwe-Psychology Yezempilo Ekuvimbeleni Izifo
I-Health psychology igatsha le-psychology elifunda ukuthi imicabango, imizwa, ukuziphatha, kanye nezici zomphakathi zithinta kanjani impilo yomzimba kanye nokukhula kwezifo. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, izindlela zempilo ziye zashintsha kusukela ekugxileni kuphela ekwelashweni kwezokwelapha lapho umuntu esegula kakade zaya ekugcizeleleni ukuvimbela kusenesikhathi. Yilapho i-health psychology idlala khona indima ebalulekile: ukusiza abantu kanye nemiphakathi ukuthuthukisa imikhuba yokuphila enempilo, ukuphatha ukucindezeleka, nokwenza izinqumo ezingcono ezihlobene nempilo. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukuthi kungani i-health psychology ibalulekile ekuvimbeleni izifo, okuhlanganisa negalelo layo ekushintsheni kokuziphatha, ukuphathwa kokucindezeleka, ukunamathela ezeluleko zezokwelapha, kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila ethuthukisiwe.
Ukuqonda ukuxhumana kwengqondo nomzimba
Umqondo wokuthi ingqondo nomzimba kuxhumene awumusha. Kodwa-ke, isayensi yezempilo inikeza isisekelo esiqinile sesayensi sokuqonda lobu budlelwano. Ukucindezeleka okungapheli, isibonelo, kungabangela ukwanda kwe-cortisol ye-hormone, ethinta umfutho wegazi, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, ikhwalithi yokulala, kanye nokusetshenziswa komzimba. Uma ukucindezeleka kuqhubeka isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwamasu okuphatha afanele, ingozi yezifo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla, ukukhuluphala, ngisho nesifo senhliziyo inganda.
Ngaphandle kokucindezeleka, imizwa efana nokukhathazeka nokucindezeleka nayo ihlobene kakhulu nempilo yomzimba. Abantu ababhekene nokucindezeleka bavame ukungakhuthali kakhulu, banenkinga enkulu yokugcina ukudla okunempilo, futhi bavame ukunganaki ukuzinakekela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isimo sengqondo esizinzile sisiza umuntu ukuba alondoloze indlela yokuphila enempilo njalo futhi aphendule kakhudlwana ezimpawini zomzimba ezidinga ukunakwa.
Ukushintsha kokuziphatha njengesihluthulelo sokuvimbela
Izifo eziningi ezingathathelwana (njengesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, isifo senhliziyo, kanye neminye imidlavuza) zithonywa kakhulu yindlela yokuphila. Ukubhema, ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile, ukungazivocavoci umzimba, ukudla okunoshukela omningi namafutha, kanye nokungalali kahle kuyizinto eziyingozi kakhulu. Nakuba ulwazi mayelana nendlela yokuphila enempilo lutholakala kalula, akuwona wonke umuntu okwazi ukushintsha ukuziphatha kwakhe. Yilapho i-psychology yezempilo iba khona ngempumelelo, njengoba ukugxila kungeyona nje "okufanele ukwenze", kodwa "ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani ngempela."
I-psychology yezempilo isebenzisa imibono ehlukahlukene yokushintsha kokuziphatha, njenge-Health Belief Model, echaza ukuthi umuntu uzohlanganyela ekuziphatheni kokuvimbela uma ebona ukuthi usengozini, ebona lesi sifo njengesibi, ekholelwa ukuthi izinyathelo zokuvimbela ziyazuzisa, nokuthi izithiyo ezikhona zinganqotshwa. Kukhona futhi ne-Theory of Planned Behavior, egcizelela indima yenhloso, izindinganiso zomphakathi, kanye nokuzithiba ekwakheni imikhuba.
Ngale ndlela, izindlela zokuvimbela zingaklanywa ngokunembe kakhudlwana. Isibonelo, imikhankaso yokuyeka ukubhema akufanele igqamise izingozi zokubhema kuphela; kufanele futhi isize abantu ukuthi babhekane nezinto ezibangela ukubhema (isib. ukucindezeleka noma ukuxhumana nabantu), banikeze amanye amasu (isib. ukuzivocavoca okulula noma amasu okuphumula), futhi bakhe ukwesekwa komphakathi.
Ukuphathwa kokucindezeleka ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yesifo
Ukucindezeleka kuyingxenye yokuphila, kodwa indlela umuntu asabela ngayo ekucindezelekeni inquma umthelela wako empilweni. I-psychology yezempilo ifundisa amakhono okuphatha ukucindezeleka, njengokuphumula kokuphefumula okujulile, ukuqaphela, ukuhlela kabusha ingqondo (ukushintsha amaphethini okucabanga angasizi), ukuphatha isikhathi, kanye nokuthuthukisa amakhono okuxazulula izinkinga.
Amasu okucabanga, isibonelo, asiza abantu ukuba baqaphele imicabango nemizwa yabo ngaphandle kokusabela ngokushesha ngokuphamazela. Lokhu kunganciphisa ukuthambekela kokudla ngokweqile, ukubhema ngokomzwelo, noma ukusabela ngenye indlela ekucindezelekeni ngezindlela ezilimazayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphathwa kokucindezeleka kunegalelo ekhwalithini yokulala, okuyisici esibalulekile ekuvimbeleni izifo. Ukulala kahle kusiza ukulawula ama-hormone, kuqinisa amasosha omzimba, futhi kugcine impilo yengqondo.
Thuthukisa ukuthobela iseluleko sezokwelapha
Ukuvimbela akukhona nje ukukhetha indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke, kodwa futhi nokulandela izeluleko zezokwelapha, njengokugoma, ukuhlolwa kwempilo njalo, kanye nokusebenzisa imithi yokuvimbela izimo ezithile. Abantu abaningi bayalibazisa ukuhlolwa ngoba besaba imiphumela, bazizwa bephilile, noma abaqondi izinzuzo zokutholakala kusenesikhathi.
I-psychology yezempilo isiza ekuboneni lezi zithiyo zengqondo futhi iklame izindlela zokuxhumana ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Isibonelo, abanye abantu bashukunyiswa kakhulu yimiyalezo egcizelela "izinzuzo zokwenza" (imiyalezo ehlelwe ngenzuzo), kanti abanye bashukunyiswa kakhulu "yizingozi zokungenzi" (imiyalezo ehlelwe ngelahleko). Ukwelulekwa ngezempilo kungasiza futhi iziguli ukuqonda isimo sazo sempilo, kunciphise ukukhathazeka, futhi kwakhiwe umuzwa ongokoqobo wokulawula ukuze zilandele izinyathelo zokuvimbela njalo.
Indima yokusekelwa kwezenhlalo kanye nezemvelo
Ukuziphatha kwezempilo akuthuthuki kalula. Umndeni, abangani, isiko, kanye nendawo ezungezile kuthonya kakhulu imikhuba yomuntu. Ukusekelwa okuhle komphakathi—isibonelo, umndeni osekela imikhuba yokudla okunempilo noma abangane abazivocavoca njalo nabo—kungandisa amathuba okushintsha kokuziphatha okuhlala njalo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, indawo engasekelwa ingaba yisithiyo esikhulu. Isibonelo, umuntu ohlala endaweni enokufinyelela okulinganiselwe kokudla okunempilo noma izindawo zokuzivocavoca ezingaphephile uzokuthola kunzima kakhulu ukwamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo. I-psychology yezempilo isiza ukuqonda lo mongo wezenhlalo futhi igcizelela ukubaluleka kwendlela esekwe emphakathini. Izinhlelo zokuvimbela ezibandakanya amaqembu omphakathi, izikole, kanye nezindawo zokusebenza zivame ukusebenza kangcono kunokufundisa abantu ngabanye.
Ukuvimbela ezigabeni ezahlukene zokuphila
I-psychology yezempilo ibalulekile kuyo yonke imjikelezo yokuphila. Ezinganeni nasebasha, ukuvimbela kugxila ekwakheni imikhuba yasekuqaleni, njengokugcina inhlanzeko enhle, ukudla okulinganiselayo, umsebenzi womzimba, kanye nekhono lokulawula imizwa. Lapho umuntu esemdala, ukuvimbela kungagcizelela ukuhlolwa okuvamile, ukulawula ukucindezeleka emsebenzini, kanye nokunciphisa ukuziphatha okuyingozi. Kwabantu abadala asebekhulile, i-psychology yezempilo isekela ukuvimbela izinkinga ngokunamathela emithini, ukugcina imisebenzi elula, kanye nokunciphisa ukuzihlukanisa nabantu, okuvame ukubangela ukwehla kwempilo yengqondo neyomzimba.
Ngamanye amazwi, ukuvimbela izifo akukhona nje ukugwema ukugula, kodwa futhi nokugcina ukusebenza komzimba, ukuzimela, kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila ngokwezigaba zokukhula.
I-psychology yezempilo ngokwesimo sempilo yomphakathi
Ngezinga elikhulu, isayensi yezempilo isiza ohulumeni kanye nezinhlangano zezempilo ukuthi baklame imikhankaso eqondiswe kakhulu. Imfundo yezempilo ephumelelayo idinga ukuqonda indlela abantu abalucubungula ngayo ulwazi, indlela abenza ngayo izinqumo, nokuthi yiziphi izici ezithonya inkolelo noma ukungakholwa kwabo emlayezweni.
Isibonelo esicacile ukuxhumana ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwesifo. Impendulo yomphakathi ezincomweni zezempilo (isb., ukusetshenziswa kwemaski noma ukugoma) ithonywa kakhulu yizinkolelo, ukwesaba, izindinganiso zomphakathi, kanye nolwazi olujikelezayo. Ngendlela yesayensi yezengqondo yezempilo, ukuxhumana kungenziwa kube nozwela kakhulu, kucace, futhi kungenzeki ukuthi kubangele ukwethuka, ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe ukuthobela komphakathi.
Isiphetho
Ukuvimbela izifo akuncikile nje kuphela kubuchwepheshe bezokwelapha kanye nezikhungo zokunakekelwa kwempilo, kodwa futhi nasekuziphatheni kwabantu, engqondweni, kanye nasenhlalakahleni engokomzwelo neyomphakathi. I-Health psychology inikeza uhlaka namasu asiza abantu ukuba baziqonde, bashintshe imikhuba yabo ngokoqobo, baphathe ukucindezeleka, baqinise ukwesekwa komphakathi, futhi bathuthukise ukunamathela ezindleleni zokuvimbela. Ngokuhlanganisa i-Health psychology ezinkonzweni zezokwelapha kanye nezinhlelo zezempilo zomphakathi, ukuvimbela izifo kuba ngcono, kuqhubeke, futhi kugxile ekhwalithini yokuphila. Ekugcineni, impilo akuyona nje ukungabikho kwezifo, kodwa ikhono lokuphila impilo elinganiselayo ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo, nangokwenhlalo.
