Ukubaluleka Kwe-Educational Psychology Kothisha
I-psychology yezemfundo igatsha le-psychology elifunda ukuthi abantu bafunda kanjani, bathuthuke, bashukunyiswe kanjani, futhi bathonywa kanjani yindawo yemfundo. Kothisha, ukuqonda i-psychology yezemfundo akuyona nje indlela yokuthola ukuqonda, kodwa kuyisidingo sobungcweti. Ukufundisa kuhilela okungaphezu nje kokudlulisa izinto; futhi kuqondisa inqubo yokufunda, ehilela imizwa yabafundi, isisusa, amakhono okucabanga, isizinda somndeni, isiko, kanye nentuthuko yomphakathi. Ngakho-ke, i-psychology yezemfundo "iyithuluzi elibalulekile" elisiza othisha ukuklama ukufunda okuphumelelayo, okunobuntu, nokugxile kubafundi.
1. Ukusiza Othisha Baqonde Indlela Abafundi Abafunda Ngayo
Wonke umfundi ufunda ngendlela ehlukile. Abanye baqonda imiqondo ngokushesha, abanye badinga ukuphindaphinda, abanye baqonda kangcono ngokuzijwayeza, kanti abanye badinga izinsiza ezibonakalayo noma izibonelo eziqondile. I-psychology yezemfundo inikeza uhlaka lokuqonda izinqubo zokuqonda ezifana nokunaka, inkumbulo, ukuqonda, kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga. Othisha abakuqondayo lokhu bangazivumelanisa namasu abo okufundisa, isibonelo, ngokuphula izinto zibe yizicucu ezincane, besebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene, noma ngokunikeza ukuzijwayeza kancane kancane ukuze bagweme ukukhungathekisa abafundi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, othisha bangabona izimpawu zokuqala zobunzima bokufunda. Isibonelo, umfundi obonakala engagxilile akavilapha ngempela; angase abe nezinkinga zokugxilisa ingqondo, ukukhathazeka, noma angakakwazi ukuqonda izinto ezidingekayo. Ngaphandle kokuqonda kwengqondo, othisha bangase basheshe babize abafundi ngamagama amabi. Nge-psychology yezemfundo, othisha bayakwazi kangcono ukuhlonza izidingo zokufunda futhi bathathe isinyathelo esifanele.
2. Ukuqonda Izigaba Zokuthuthukiswa Kwabafundi
Abafundi besikole samabanga aphansi, esiphakathi, kanye nesesikoleni samabanga aphezulu basezigabeni ezahlukene zokukhula. Esikoleni samabanga aphansi, izingane zivame ukucabanga ngendlela eqondile, zidinga izibonelo eziqondile, futhi zifunde ngemisebenzi ehilela okuhlangenwe nakho okuqondile. Lapho bengena esikoleni samabanga aphakathi, amakhono okucabanga angaqondakali aqala ukukhula, kuyilapho imizwa kanye nokuzazi nakho kumiswa ngokuqinile. Okwamanje, esikoleni samabanga aphezulu, abafundi abaningi baqala ukucabanga ngokujulile futhi bahlele ikusasa, kodwa futhi babhekene nokucindezeleka okwandayo kwezemfundo kanye nokwezenhlalo.
I-psychology yezemfundo, okuhlanganisa imiqondo yokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo kanye nokwezenhlalo-ngokomzwelo, isiza othisha ukukhetha izindlela ezifanele iminyaka. Othisha abaqonda ukuthuthukiswa kwabafundi bazoba nolwazi oluthe xaxa ekubekeni izidingo zemfundo, izitayela zokukhuluma, izindlela zokuyala, kanye nemisebenzi yokufunda. Lokhu kuvimbela amaphutha avamile njengokwenza izinto zibe nzima kakhulu, kube lula kakhulu, noma ukufuna ukuzimela abafundi abangakakulungeli ngokwengqondo.
3. Khulisa Ugqozi Lokufunda Kwabafundi Nokuzibandakanya
Ugqozi luyisihluthulelo sokufunda okuphumelelayo. Abafundi abaningi bayakwazi kodwa abanaso isifiso sokufunda ngenxa yokungazethembi, isithukuthezi, ukungaqondi izinzuzo, noma ukwesaba ukwehluleka. I-psychology yezemfundo ihlomisa othisha ngokuqonda isisusa sangaphakathi nesangaphandle, isidingo sokuqashelwa, umuzwa wokufaneleka, kanye nokubaluleka kwemigomo yokufunda ecacile.
Othisha bangakha ukufunda okunenjongo ngokwengeziwe ngokuxhumanisa izinto nezimo zangempela, bavumele ukukhetha emisebenzini, banikeze impendulo eyakhayo, futhi baqaphele intuthuko encane. Lawa maqhinga akhuthaza umuzwa wokufaneleka futhi enze abafundi bazizwe sengathi inqubo yokufunda ingeyabo, hhayi nje ephoqelelwe kubo. Lokhu kuholela kubafundi abakhuthele kakhulu, abazimisele kakhulu ukubuza imibuzo, kanye nokuqina okukhulu lapho bebhekene nobunzima.
4. Kusiza Ukuphatha Amakilasi Ngokuphumelelayo Nangokwesintu
Ukuphathwa kwekilasi akukhona nje ukujezisa abafundi, kodwa futhi nokudala indawo yokufunda efanelekile. I-psychology yezemfundo isiza othisha ukuqonda ukuziphatha, izimbangela zezinkinga zokujezisa, nokuthi bangakhuthaza kanjani imikhuba emihle. Isibonelo, umfundi ophazamisayo angadinga imisebenzi enzima kakhulu, imithetho ecacile, noma ukunakwa okugxile kakhulu. Umfundi ovame ukulwa naye angase abe nokungqubuzana ngokomzwelo noma afune ukuqashelwa.
Ngendlela yokusebenza kwengqondo, othisha bangasebenzisa isiyalo esifundisayo, hhayi esijezisayo. Othisha bangasebenzisa ukuqinisa okuhle, bakhe ukuvumelana kwekilasi nabafundi, futhi banikeze imiphumela enengqondo nehambisanayo. Igumbi lokufundela eliphethwe kahle lizokwandisa umuzwa wokuphepha kwabafundi, linciphise ukukhathazeka, futhi linikeze isikhala sokufunda okuhle kakhulu.
5. Ukuqinisa Ubudlelwano Bothisha Nabafundi
Ubudlelwano obuhle phakathi kothisha nabafundi buboniswe bunomthelela onamandla empumelelweni yezemfundo yabafundi kanye nempilo yengqondo. Lapho abafundi bezizwa bebalulekile futhi beqondwa, bavame ukuba nokubambisana kakhudlwana, ukuzethemba, kanye nokuzimisela kakhudlwana ukuzama. I-psychology yezemfundo igcizelela ukubaluleka kozwela, ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo, kanye nokuqonda izidingo zabafundi zenhlalo-ngokomzwelo.
Othisha abanesisekelo kwezengqondo yezemfundo abaphethi kalula ubuntu bomfundi ngokusekelwe ekuziphatheni okukodwa. Banekhono elingcono lokulalela, ukubuza imibuzo efanele, nokunikeza ukwesekwa ngaphandle kokwahlulela. Ubudlelwano obunempilo buphinde busize othisha ukuphatha izingxabano zasekilasini, ukwakha isiko lokuhloniphana, nokukhuthaza isimo esihle sokufunda.
6. Ukusingatha Ukungafani Komuntu Ngamunye Nezidingo Ezikhethekile
Ekilasini, othisha babhekana nokwehlukahlukana: ukwehluka kwamakhono, izizinda zamasiko, izitayela zokufunda, izilimi, ngisho nezimo ezithile ezifana ne-ADHD, i-dyslexia, noma izinselele zemizwa. I-psychology yezemfundo isiza othisha ukuthi babone lokhu kwehlukahlukana njengokwehlukahlukana okufanele kuhlangatshezwane nakho, hhayi izinkinga okufanele zisolwe ngazo.
Ngendlela ehlukile, othisha bangenza imisebenzi, izindlela zokuhlola, kanye nokusekelwa kokufunda kube ngendlela efanele. Isibonelo, ngokunikeza ukukhetha kwezindlela zemisebenzi (ukubhala, izethulo, amaphrojekthi), ukwabela isikhathi esengeziwe abafundi abathile, noma ukusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokufunda. Ngalokhu kuqonda, othisha bangabandakanya kakhulu futhi baqinisekise ukuthi wonke umfundi unethuba elifanele lokuchuma.
7. Siza othisha ukuthi benze ukuhlolwa okunobulungiswa nokunenjongo kakhudlwana
Ukuhlola akugcini nje ngezinombolo, kodwa futhi kumayelana nokuqonda inqubekela phambili yokufunda kwabafundi. I-psychology yezemfundo ifundisa ukubaluleka kokuhlola okwakhayo (ngesikhathi senqubo yokufunda) kanye nokuhlola okufingqiwe (ekupheleni kwenqubo yokufunda), kanye nendlela yokunikeza impendulo ekhuthazayo. Othisha abaqonda izici zengqondo zokuhlola bazogwema imikhuba eyethusa abafundi, njengokubahlazisa phambi kwekilasi noma ukugcizelela umphumela kuphela ngaphandle kokwazisa inqubo.
Impendulo enhle iqondile, igxile ekuthuthukisweni, futhi igcizelela ukuthi amakhono angathuthuka ngomzamo. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukucabanga kokukhula, inkolelo yokuthi ukuhlakanipha namakhono akulungiseki kodwa kungathuthukiswa ngokuzijwayeza namasu afanele.
8. Ukusekela Impilo Yengqondo Yothisha Nabafundi
Izikole ziyizindawo zomphakathi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Othisha babhekene nezidingo zokuphatha, imigomo yekharikhulamu, kanye nokuguquguquka kokuziphatha kwabafundi, kuyilapho abafundi bebhekene nezingcindezi zemfundo, ukuxhumana nabantu, kanye nezinkinga zomndeni. I-psychology yezemfundo isiza othisha ukuthi babone izimpawu zokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, noma ukukhathala kokubili kubafundi nakubo ngokwabo.
Ngalokhu kuqonda, othisha bangasebenzisa amasu alula njengokudala isimo sokusekelana ekilasini, ukunikeza amakhefu okuzindla, ukukhuthaza imikhuba yokufunda enempilo, kanye nokusebenzisana nabeluleki besikole noma abazali uma kudingeka. Othisha abanempilo ngokwengqondo banesineke kakhulu, bayaqhubeka, futhi bayakwazi ukukhonza njengezibonelo ezizinzile ngokomzwelo kubafundi babo.
Isiphetho
Ukubaluleka kwengqondo yezemfundo kothisha kusekukwazini kwayo ukuhlanganisa ithiyori yokufunda nomkhuba wokufundisa wansuku zonke. Nge-psychology yezemfundo, othisha bangaqonda ukuthi abafundi bafunda kanjani, bavumelanise ukufunda nentuthuko yezingane, bandise ugqozi, baphathe amakilasi ngobuntu, futhi babhekane nokwehlukahlukana kwezidingo zabafundi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-psychology yezemfundo iqinisa nobudlelwano bothisha nabafundi, ithuthukise izinhlelo zokuhlola, futhi isekele impilo yengqondo endaweni yesikole.
Ekugcineni, othisha abangochwepheshe bezengqondo zemfundo abagcini nje ngokudlulisela izinto ezibonakalayo, kodwa futhi bangothisha abanozwela nabaphumelelayo abakwazi ukuletha okuhlangenwe nakho kokufunda okunenjongo. Imfundo ephumelelayo ayikhiqizi nje kuphela abafundi abahlakaniphile kodwa futhi nabantu abazethembayo, abanobuntu, futhi abakulungele ukuchuma empilweni.
