Izinhlelo Zokufunda Nezemfundo Ze-Anthropology
Imfundo ingenye yezici eziyisisekelo kakhulu empilweni yomuntu. Ayisebenzi nje kuphela njengethuluzi lokudlulisa ulwazi kodwa futhi njengendlela yokuguqulwa komuntu ekuthuthukisweni nasekubunjweni komlingiswa. Kulesi simo, i-anthropology yezemfundo iyisifundo esibalulekile sokufunda okwengeziwe ukuze kuqondwe kangcono inqubo yemfundo. I-anthropology yezemfundo inikeza ukuqonda ukuthi isiko lomphakathi, izindinganiso, amasiko, kanye nesakhiwo senhlalo kuthinta kanjani futhi kuthonywa uhlelo lokufunda olusetshenziswayo.
Incazelo kanye nobubanzi be-Anthropology Yezemfundo
I-anthropology yezemfundo ingachazwa njengegatsha le-anthropology eligxile ekutadisheni ukuthi imiphakathi iqonda kanjani, ithuthukisa kanjani, futhi isabalalisa kanjani imfundo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukutadisha izakhiwo nemisebenzi yezemfundo, ubudlelwano phakathi kwemfundo esemthethweni nengeyona eyomthetho, kanye nomthelela wayo emasikweni nasemphakathini. Ngombono we-anthropology, singaqonda imfundo njengento eyinkimbinkimbi yezenhlalo namasiko, kunokuba nje inqubo yokudlulisela ulwazi kusuka kuthisha kuya kumfundi.
Umlando we-Anthropology Yezemfundo
I-anthropology yezemfundo yaqala ukuthuthuka ngekhulu lama-20 njengengxenye yempendulo yezemfundo ezinguqukweni ezinkulu zomphakathi nezamasiko. Abantu abanjengoMargaret Mead noFranz Boas benze iminikelo ebalulekile ezifundweni zabo ngendima yemfundo emiphakathini yabantu bomdabu nokuthi izinhlelo zemfundo ezisemthethweni zithonya kanjani amasiko abo . Ngokubuka okuqondile kanye nokubamba iqhaza, laba bacwaningi be-anthropology basize ekuhloleni ukuthi amaqembu ahlukahlukene amasiko adlulisela kanjani ulwazi lwawo kanye nezindinganiso zawo kusukela esizukulwaneni kuya kwesinye.
Izinhlelo Zokufunda Ngokombono We-Anthropology Yezemfundo
Ngokombono we-anthropology yezemfundo, izinhlelo zokufunda azikwazi ukuhlukaniswa nezimo zamasiko nezenhlalo lapho zithuthuka khona. Izinhlelo zemfundo zivame ukubonisa izindinganiso zomphakathi ezivelele, izindinganiso zomphakathi , kanye namandla ezepolitiki nezomnotho. I-anthropology yezemfundo ihlola ukuthi imikhuba yokufunda ezikoleni ezisemthethweni ingaqinisa noma inselele kanjani izakhiwo zomphakathi ezikhona.
Isibonelo, ucwaningo lwe-anthropology lungahlola ukuthi imfundo yasemakhaya e-Indonesia ihluke kanjani kakhulu emfundweni emadolobheni amakhulu. Ezindaweni zasemakhaya, imfundo ingahlanganiswa kakhulu nemisebenzi yansuku zonke kanye nomsebenzi womphakathi, kuyilapho emadolobheni, imfundo ivame ukuba semthethweni futhi ilethwe ngaphakathi komongo oqinile wamakilasi. Lokhu kusikisela umehluko hhayi nje ezindleleni zokufundisa kodwa nasemigomweni nasezindinganisweni ezibekwa phambili enkambisweni yemfundo.
Amathonya Amasiko Emfundweni
Enye yezindlela eziyinhloko i-anthropology yezemfundo ehlola ngazo imfundo ukuthi isiko liyithinta kanjani. Isiko lingabonakala ezicini ezahlukene zesistimu yokufunda, njengekharikhulamu, izindlela zokufundisa, ukuxhumana kothisha nabafundi, kanye nemisebenzi yangaphandle kwesikole. Isibonelo, emiphakathini yabantu abahlangene, njengaleyo etholakala eMpumalanga Asia, imfundo ivame ukugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuzwana komphakathi, ukulalela igunya, kanye nokubambisana kwamaqembu. Okwamanje, emiphakathini enabantu abazimele, njenge-United States, imfundo ingagcizelela kakhulu inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye, ubuciko, kanye nokucabanga okubucayi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithonya lamasiko emfundweni lingabonakala nangendlela imfundo ehlonipha futhi ilondoloza ngayo ukuhlakanipha kwendawo. Emiphakathini eminingi yomdabu, izinhlelo zemfundo ezisemthethweni nezingezona ezisemthethweni zivame ukuhlanganiswa nemikhuba yamasiko endawo . Isibonelo, kwezinye izizwe e-Indonesia, ulwazi lwemvelo nokuhlakanipha kwendawo ludluliselwa ngezindaba zamasiko, imidanso, kanye nemikhosi yendabuko ehilela ukubamba iqhaza okusebenzayo kwawo wonke amalungu omphakathi.
Imfundo kanye nobunikazi bamasiko
Imfundo nayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni ubuwena bamasiko . Enkambisweni yemfundo, abantu bafundiswa ngomlando wabo, ulimi, izindinganiso, kanye nemikhuba yamasiko. Lokhu kusiza abantu ukuthi baziveze njengengxenye yomphakathi othile futhi kubenze baqonde izindima zabo kanye nemithwalo yabo emphakathini . Isibonelo, kwezinye izikole eKalimantan, izifundo zingafaka phakathi ukufundisa ngamasiko e-Dayak, okusiza abafundi bazizwe beziqhenya ngefa labo lamasiko.
Kodwa-ke, izinhlelo zemfundo zingaba yizinkundla zokungqubuzana kobunikazi. Isibonelo salokhu singatholakala ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba: ukungqubuzana kolimi. Uma imfundo igxile ezilimini zesizwe noma zamakoloni, izilimi zomdabu noma zeqembu elincane zivame ukubandlululwa, okungabangela ukulahlekelwa kobunikazi bamasiko nolimi.
Imfundo Ehlelekile vs. Imfundo Engakahleleki
Esifundweni se-anthropology yezemfundo, kubalulekile futhi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemfundo ehlelekile nengahlelekile. Imfundo ehlelekile ivame ukubhekisela ezinhlelweni zemfundo ezihlelekile ezinikezwa yizikhungo zikahulumeni noma ezisemthethweni, njengezikole namayunivesithi. Okwamanje, imfundo engahlelekile ihlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zokufunda ezenzeka ngaphandle kwezikhungo ezisemthethweni, njengasekhaya, emsebenzini, noma emphakathini.
Imfundo engakahleleki ivame ukuguquguquka futhi ivumelane nezidingo zomphakathi. Isibonelo, emiphakathini eminingi yomdabu, imfundo yezingane ihilela ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo emsebenzini wabantu abadala nokufunda ngokuhlangenwe nakho okuqondile. Kulesi simo, izingane zifunda amakhono okuphila, izindinganiso, nolwazi lwendawo olubalulekile ekusebenzeni emiphakathini yazo.
Ukuhwebelana Komhlaba Wonke kanye Nemfundo
Ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke nakho kunomthelela omkhulu ezinhlelweni zemfundo. Kuletha izinguquko kwezobuchwepheshe, kwezomnotho, kanye namasiko ezithinta indlela imfundo enikezwa futhi yamukelwe ngayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kuvula ukufinyelela ezinsizeni zemfundo ezibanzi. Kodwa-ke, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungasongela nokusimama kwamasiko endawo kanye nobunikazi bamasiko. Kulesi simo, i-anthropology yezemfundo ifuna ukuqonda nokuhlola umthelela wokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke emfundweni yendawo nokuthi imfundo ingasetshenziswa kanjani njengethuluzi lokugcina ubuwena bamasiko enkathini yomhlaba wonke.
Ukwakhiwa Kabusha Kwesistimu Yokufunda
Ekubhekaneni nezinselele zomhlaba wonke kanye noshintsho olusheshayo kwezenhlalo, ukwakhiwa kabusha kohlelo lokufunda kuyadingeka. Indlela esetshenziswayo kumele ibe ephelele, ebandakanya wonke umuntu, futhi evumelana nesimo sendawo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezisekelwe kumasiko nasendaweni kungaba yindlela eyodwa yokufeza lo mgomo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukisa ikharikhulamu ehlonipha ukwehlukahlukana kwamasiko kubalulekile. Imfundo ehlanganisayo ayisho nje kuphela ukufinyelela okulinganayo kodwa futhi ihlonipha ukuhluka kanye nokuceba kwamasiko komuntu ngamunye. Kulokhu, indlela yemfundo ye-anthropology inganikeza umbono ocebile wokuklama ikharikhulamu kanye nezindlela zokufundisa ezithinta kakhulu izimo zenhlalo namasiko.
I-Penutup
I-anthropology yezemfundo inikeza uhlaka olucebile lokuqonda izinhlelo zokufunda ngaphakathi komongo obanzi wamasiko nowezenhlalo. Ngokuhlanganisa izifundo ze-anthropology ekuhleleni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezinhlelo zemfundo, singakha izindawo zokufunda ezibandakanya kakhulu, ezivumelana nezimo, neziqashelwa emhlabeni wonke ngenkathi sihlonipha futhi sigcina ukuhluka kwendawo. Njengoba kunezinkinga zemfundo eziyinkimbinkimbi enkathini yanamuhla, izindlela ezihlanganisa imikhakha efana ne-anthropology yezemfundo azidingeki nje kuphela kodwa futhi zibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwemikhuba yemfundo enokulingana nenenjongo.
