Ukwehlukahluka Kolimi Emphakathini
Ulimi luyithuluzi eliyinhloko lomuntu lokuxhumana, ukudlulisa imibono, ukwakha ubudlelwano, kanye nokuxoxisana ngobuwena. Kodwa-ke, ulimi alukaze lube khona ngesimo esisodwa, esifanayo. Empilweni yansuku zonke, sibhekana nokwehluka kwezindlela zokukhuluma phakathi kwabantu ngabanye, phakathi kwamaqembu, ngisho nangaphakathi kwesikhulumi esifanayo ezimweni ezahlukene. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi ukwehluka kolimi. Ukuhlukahluka kolimi emphakathini kubonisa ukuthi ulimi luhlala lushintsha, luvumelana nezimo zenhlalo, amasiko, kanye nezendawo, kanye nezidingo zokuxhumana zezikhulumi zalo.
Kalula nje, ukwehluka kolimi kungachazwa njengokwehlukahluka noma uhlobo lokusetshenziswa kolimi oluhlukile, kusukela emsindweni, isilulumagama, isakhiwo semisho, kuya ekukhetheni isitayela sokukhuluma. Lokhu kwehluka kuvela ngoba izikhulumi zivela ezizindeni nasezindaweni ezahlukene. Ukwehluka ngobudala, imfundo, umsebenzi, isimo senhlalo, ubulili, indawo, kanye nesimo sokuxhumana kuzothinta ukukhetha kolimi. Ngakho-ke, ukwehluka kolimi kuyinto yemvelo, ngisho nesici esibalulekile sokuba khona kolimi emphakathini.
Enye yezinhlobo ezibonakala kalula zokwehluka kolimi ukwehluka kwesifunda noma kwendawo. Ezifundweni zezilimi zomphakathi, lokhu kwehluka kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ulimi lwesigodi. Ulimi lwesigodi luwukwehluka kolimi olusetshenziswa abantu endaweni ethile futhi lunezici ezihlukile ekuphimiseni, ekulumeni, noma olwimini. E-Indonesia, izilimi zesigodi ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Isi-Indonesia esikhulunywa eJakarta, isibonelo, sivame ukuthonywa ulimi lwesigodi lwaseBetawi kanye nesitayela sokukhuluma esikhululekile, kuyilapho izinhlobo zesi-Indonesia kwezinye izindawo zaseSumatra noma eKalimantan zingaba nokuphinyiswa okuhlukile nokukhetha amagama. Ngisho nangaphakathi kolimi olulodwa lwesifunda, njengesiJavanese, kunezilimi zesigodi ezivela eSurabaya, eYogyakarta, eBanyumasan, nakwezinye, ngasinye sazo sibonisa izici eziqinile zendawo.
Ngaphezu kokwehlukahluka kwesifunda, kukhona nokwehlukahluka kolimi okusekelwe emaqenjini omphakathi, okwaziwa ngokuthi ama-sociolects. Ama-Sociolects ayikwehlukahluka okusetshenziswa amaqembu athile abantu abanesimo esifanayo senhlalo, imfundo, noma isizinda samasiko. Isibonelo, ulimi olusetshenziswa yizifundiswa luvame ukuba olusemthethweni kakhulu futhi lugcwele amagama esayensi, kuyilapho ulimi lwabantu abasha lusebenzisa isilulumagama esiningi, izifinyezo, namagama okudala ahlala eshintsha. Ama-Sociolects angabonakala futhi ekwehlukeni kokukhethwa kwamagama phakathi kwamaqembu ochwepheshe. Amasimu ezokwelapha, ezomthetho, kanye nobuchwepheshe anamagama ahlukile angase angaqondakali kahle emphakathini jikelele, okudala "ulimi lweqembu" oluqinisa ubunikazi balobu buchwepheshe.
Ukwehlukahluka kolimi kuhlobene kakhulu nomongo osetshenziswa kuwo, ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi irejista. Amarejista avela ngenxa yokwehluka komongo kanye nemigomo yokuxhumana. Umuntu angasebenzisa ulimi oluhlukile lapho ekhuluma nabangani abaseduze kunalapho ekhuluma esithangamini esisemthethweni noma ebhala umbiko. Isibonelo, umusho othi "Ngingathanda ukunakwa kwakho" ufaneleka kakhulu ezimweni ezisemthethweni, kuyilapho othi "Hei, lalela kuqala" uvame kakhulu engxoxweni evamile. Amarejista ayabonakala nakweminye imikhakha, njengolimi lwezintatheli, ulimi lokukhangisa, ulimi lokukhuluma, ngisho nolimi lwezinkundla zokuxhumana. Ngayinye inezici zayo: ulimi lwezintatheli luvame ukuba lufushane futhi lunolwazi, ulimi lokukhangisa luyakholisa futhi luheha, kuyilapho ulimi lwezinkundla zokuxhumana luvame ukugcizelela isivinini, ukuveza, kanye nokushesha.
Ngaphezu kwezilimi zolimi, izilimi zomdabu, kanye nokubhaliswa, kukhona nokwehluka kolimi okusekelwe ezingeni lokufaneleka, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi izinhlobo ezijwayelekile nezingezona ezejwayelekile. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zibhekwa njengezisemthethweni futhi zisetshenziswa ezimweni ezisemthethweni, emfundweni, ekuphathweni, kanye namadokhumenti asemthethweni. Lezi zinhlobo zivame ukunamathela emithethweni yohlelo lolimi kanye nokupela emisiwe. Okwamanje, izinhlobo ezingezona ezejwayelekile ziguquguquka kakhulu, zivame ukuvela engxoxweni yansuku zonke, futhi azilandeli njalo imithetho ehlelekile. Izinhlobo ezingezona ezejwayelekile azisho ukuthi "zingalungile," kodwa zifanele izidingo zokuxhumana ezibeka phambili ukujwayelana kanye nesivinini. Lo mehluko kubalulekile ukuwuqonda ukuze izikhulumi zikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nomongo ngaphandle kokwahlulela izitayela zolimi zabanye.
Isenzakalo sokwehlukahluka kolimi singabonakala nangesitayela solimi. Isitayela solimi sihlobene nendlela isikhulumi esakha ngayo inkulumo esekelwe ebudlelwaneni bomphakathi kanye nemigomo yokuxhumana. Uma umuntu efuna ukuba nenhlonipho, angase akhethe amagama anenhlonipho, asebenzise amagama ahloniphekile, noma akhe imisho ngokungaqondile. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ezimweni eziseduze, izikhulumi zivame ukusebenzisa imisho emifushane, eqondile, ngezinye izikhathi enamahlaya. Ngokwesimo sezilimi ezithile zesifunda, ukwehlukahluka kwesitayela kunesimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi. Isibonelo, ngesiJavanese, kunezinga lokukhuluma njenge-ngoko, i-madya, kanye ne-krama, ezisetshenziswa ngokuya ngobudlelwano bomphakathi, ubudala, kanye nenhlonipho.
Ukuvela kokwehlukahluka kolimi nakho akuhlukaniseki nesici sokusetshenziswa kwezilimi ezimbili noma izilimi eziningi, okungukuthi isimo lapho umphakathi usebenzisa izilimi ezingaphezu kweyodwa. E-Indonesia, abantu abaningi bakhula bekhuluma ulimi lwabo lwesifunda njengolimi lwabo lokuqala, bese befunda isi-Indonesia, futhi bavame ukufunda nolimi lwangaphandle njengesiNgisi. Empeleni, lesi simo senza kube khona izimo zokushintsha ikhodi nokuxuba ikhodi. Ukushintsha ikhodi kwenzeka lapho izikhulumi zishintsha kusuka kolunye ulimi ziye kolunye ezimweni ezahlukene noma ngenxa yokushintsha kwe-interlocutor. Ukuxuba ikhodi kwenzeka lapho izakhi zolunye ulimi zifakwa emshweni owodwa noma engxoxweni. Isibonelo, othile angase athi, "Ngizoba nomhlangano kamuva, kulungile? Ngemuva kwalokho, ake sidle." Lo mkhuba uvamile futhi ngokuvamile uyisu lokuxhumana, hhayi nje isitayela.
Ukwehlukahluka kolimi emphakathini kufeza imisebenzi eyahlukene yomphakathi. Okokuqala, ukwehlukahluka kungasebenza njengophawu lobunikazi. Izilimi zesifunda zibonisa imvelaphi yesikhulumi, kuyilapho ulimi lwentsha lubonisa ubulungu eqenjini elithile. Okwesibili, ukwehlukahluka kusiza ekwakheni ukusondelana noma ukugcina ibanga lomphakathi. Ukukhetha ulimi olujwayelekile kungadala isimo sobungane, kuyilapho ulimi olusemthethweni lubonisa inhlonipho noma ubungcweti. Okwesithathu, ukwehlukahluka kolimi kubonisa amandla nodumo. Emiphakathini eminingi, izinhlobo ezithile ezijwayelekile noma zolimi zivame ukubhekwa “njengeziphakeme,” kanti ezinye zibhekwa njengeziphansi. Noma kunjalo, uhlobo ngalunye lunesimiso salo kanye nemithetho yalo futhi ludlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yomphakathi yezikhulumi zalo.
Esikhathini sedijithali, ukuhlukahluka kolimi kushintsha ngokushesha. Imithombo yezokuxhumana isheshisa ukusabalala kwamagama amasha, ama-meme, izifinyezo, kanye nezinhlobo ezihlukile zokukhuluma. Amagama anjengokuthi "baper," "mager," "gas," noma "spill" ayizibonelo zendlela ulimi olushintsha ngayo ngokusebenzisa ubuhlakani obuhlangene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxhumana kwedijithali kubangele ukuhlukahluka okubhaliwe okulingisa ulimi olukhulunywayo, njengokusetshenziswa kwezinhlamvu ezinde ("iyaa"), izimpawu zokubhala eziphindaphindwayo ("!!!"), noma ingxube yezilimi. Lesi simo sibonisa ukuthi ulimi luhlala luzivumelanisa nobuchwepheshe kanye nendlela yokuphila yabantu.
Nakuba ukuhlukahluka kolimi kungokwemvelo, umphakathi udinga ukuthuthukisa ukuqonda ulimi okunengqondo. Lokhu kuqonda akuhloselwe ukulinganisa zonke izilimi, kodwa kunalokho ukuqonda ukuthi uhlobo oluthile lusetshenziswa nini futhi kuphi ngendlela efanele. Imfundo yolimi akufanele igcizelele imithetho ejwayelekile kuphela kodwa futhi ifundise amakhono okukhetha izinhlobo ezifanele umongo. Ngale ndlela, umuntu angakhuluma ngokunganaki ngaphandle kokwehlisa inhlonipho, futhi abhale ngokusemthethweni ngaphandle kokwehlisa ukucaca nokunemba.
Ekugcineni, ukwehluka kolimi emphakathini kubonisa ukwehluka kwabantu uqobo. Kubonisa ukuba khona kokuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukene, amasiko, kanye nemibono. Esikhundleni sokubonakala njengento ephazamisayo, ukwehluka kolimi kufanele kuqondwe njengokuceba okwandisa amathuba okuxhumana. Ngokuqonda ukwehluka kolimi, singaba izikhulumi eziguquguqukayo, sibe nomuzwa omkhulu kwabanye, futhi siqonde kakhulu ubunikazi bezenhlalo namasiko obukhona kuzo zonke izindlela zokukhuluma. Izilimi ezahlukene azilona uphawu lokuhlukana, kodwa kunalokho luwuphawu lokuthi imiphakathi iyaqhubeka ikhula, ishintsha, futhi ithonyana.
