Umqondo Wesikhala Nendawo Ku-Anthropology Yamasiko
I-anthropology yamasiko, njengesifundo esihlola abantu, amasiko, kanye nokuguquguquka komphakathi, inaka kakhulu imiqondo yesikhala nendawo. Le miqondo emibili idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqondeni ukuthi abantu kanye nemiphakathi bakha kanjani ubuwena, ukusebenzisana, kanye nencazelo empilweni yansuku zonke. Ekusetshenzisweni kwe-anthropology yamasiko , isikhala nendawo akubonwa nje kuphela njengezici zomzimba, kodwa futhi njengezinto ezinengqondo, ezingokomfanekiso, kanye nezimo ezingokomongo.
Incazelo Yesikhala Nendawo
Ngokwesimo se -anthropology yamasiko, isikhala sichazwa njengenkundla noma indawo lapho imisebenzi yabantu yenzeka khona. Isikhala singaba ngokoqobo, njengedolobha, idolobhana, noma ngisho nendlu. Kodwa-ke, isikhala singaba yinto engaqondakali, sibhekwe njengendawo yezenhlalo namasiko lapho kwenzeka khona amanethiwekhi okuxhumana, ubudlelwano bamandla, kanye nokuguquguquka komphakathi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, indawo ibhekisela endaweni enikezwe incazelo ngumuntu noma iqembu. Yindawo egcwele izinkumbulo, umlando, imizwa, kanye nezimpawu ezibalulekile emphakathini noma kumuntu ngamunye. Ngamanye amazwi, indawo ingumqondo womuntu siqu nowobunye kunendawo yomphakathi nevulekile. Izindawo zinikeza ubuwena kanye nomuzwa wokuba yingxenye yalabo abahlala kuzo.
Isikhala ku- Anthropology Yamasiko
Isikhala ku-Anthropology yamasiko sisebenza njengomongo lapho abantu besebenzisana futhi bakha khona indawo yabo. U-Edwin Ardener, isazi se-anthropologist esidumile, wasungula umqondo "wokudwetshwa nokudwetshwa" ekutadisheni isikhala. Isikhala esidwetshwe yimephu yindawo enikezwe isakhiwo nencazelo ngumphakathi, njengedolobha elakhiwe ngezindawo ezahlukahlukene ezisebenzayo. Isikhala esidwetshwe yimephu sibhekisela ezindaweni ezingenayo incazelo noma isakhiwo esithile esinikezwe ngabantu.
Izazi zesintu zamasiko zivame ukuhlola ukuthi lezi zindawo zicatshangwa kanjani, zisetshenziswa kanjani, futhi ziguqulwa kanjani ngabantu ngabanye kanye nemiphakathi. Isibonelo, izindawo zomphakathi nezangasese zinemingcele ehlukene emasikweni ahlukene. Emasikweni aseNtshonalanga, izindawo zangasese, njengekhaya, zibhekwa njengezingcwele futhi ziyimfihlo, kanti kwamanye amasiko, imingcele phakathi kwezindawo zomphakathi nezangasese ingaba nezimbobo eziningi.
Indawo ku-Anthropology Yamasiko
Izindawo zinezincazelo ezijulile nezihambisana nomongo empilweni yansuku zonke. Zivame ukubhekwa njengezindawo ezigcwele incazelo ngokusebenzisa ulwazi kanye nokuxhumana nabantu . Izazi ze-anthropology ezifana noMarc Augé ziphakamise umqondo "wokungeyona indawo" ukuchaza izindawo noma izindawo ezingenalo ubunikazi noma ukubaluleka kwamasiko athile, njengezikhumulo zezindiza noma izitolo ezinkulu.
Izindawo zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nobunikazi bamasiko kanye nenkumbulo. Isibonelo, izindawo ezingcwele noma izindawo zomlando zidlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni nasekulondolozeni ubunikazi beqembu. Lezi zindawo azisebenzi nje kuphela njengezindawo ezibonakalayo kodwa futhi njengezimpawu ezimelela izindinganiso zomphakathi kanye nomlando.
Umqondo wendawo ku-anthropology yamasiko uhlanganisa nomqondo wezindawo ezigcwele imikhuba yamasiko njengemikhuba, imikhosi, noma amasiko. Lezi zindawo zisebenza njengezindawo ezibalulekile lapho isiko livezwa futhi lilondolozwa khona. Isibonelo, amadolobhana endabuko e-Indonesia agcina izakhiwo zendabuko nezindawo ezingcwele njengezingxenye ezibalulekile zobunikazi bawo bamasiko.
Ucwaningo Lwesibonelo: Isikhala Nendawo Esimweni Sasemadolobheni
Izazi zendabuko yabantu zivame ukugxila ezifundweni zazo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ukuze ziqonde ukuthi izindawo zasemadolobheni nezindawo zakha kanjani futhi zithonywa kanjani impilo yomphakathi. Isibonelo, iNew York City inezindawo ezahlukahlukene zomphakathi ezifana namapaki, imigwaqo, kanye nama-pizza. Lezi zindawo zisebenza njengezindawo ezibalulekile zokuxhumana nabantu abahlala emadolobheni.
Ucwaningo lwezindawo zasemadolobheni luphinde luhlole ukuthi amaqembu ezinhlanga ezahlukene kanye nemiphakathi yakha kanjani indawo yawo ngaphakathi kwedolobha. I-Chinatown eSan Francisco noma i-Little Italy eNew York ziyizibonelo zendlela imiphakathi yabafuduki eyakha ngayo izindawo ezibaluleke ngamasiko ngaphakathi komongo wedolobha obanzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umqondo wesikhala se-liminal uvame ukusetshenziswa ocwaningweni lwe-anthropology yamasiko asemadolobheni. Isikhala se-liminal sibhekisela ezindaweni ezishintshayo noma ezisemingceleni ezingangeni ngokugcwele ezigabeni ezihlelekile noma ezicacile. Izibonelo zezikhala ze-liminal zingafaka umngcele ophakathi kwezindawo ezimbili noma ukuhlukana okungacacile phakathi kwezindawo zezimboni nezindawo zokuhlala.
Isikhala kanye nendawo ngokomongo womhlaba wonke
Ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kushintshe kakhulu imiqondo yesikhala nendawo ku-anthropology yamasiko. Inqubo yokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke iletha ukuhamba okukhudlwana kanye nokushintshana okukhulu kwamasiko. Lokhu kwenza isikhala nendawo kube yizinto eziguquguqukayo futhi ezivame ukuba yizinto ezixubile.
Isibonelo, ukufuduka komhlaba wonke kudale ama-diaspora, lapho abantu kanye nemiphakathi beletha khona ubuwena babo bamasiko ezindaweni ezintsha. Lokhu kuphumela ezindaweni ezintsha ezihlanganisa izinto ezivela emasikweni ahlukene avela kuwo. Isibonelo, izimakethe ezinikeza ukudla nezimpahla ezivela emazweni ahlukene zivame ukuba yizindawo ezixubile ezibonisa ukuguquguquka komhlaba.
Ubuchwepheshe bolwazi nokuxhumana bushintshe nemibono ngesikhala nendawo. Ngokufika kwe-inthanethi kanye nezinkundla zokuxhumana, umqondo wesikhala esingokoqobo usuguquguquka kakhulu. Izikhala ezingokoqobo zivumela abantu abavela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba ukuthi baxhumane futhi basebenzisane ngaphandle kwemingcele yendawo. Lokhu kudala izikhala ezintsha ezingaboshiwe yimingcele engokoqobo, okwenza zibe izindawo ezintsha zokuhlangana nokuxhumana.
Isiphetho
Ku-anthropology yamasiko, imiqondo yesikhala nendawo inikeza amathuluzi abalulekile okuqonda ukuthi abantu bahlela kanjani, bahlala kanjani, futhi banike umhlaba wabo incazelo. Isikhala sinikeza umongo lapho ukuxhumana komphakathi kwenzeka khona, kanti indawo iwukubonakaliswa kwezincazelo zomuntu siqu nezomphakathi ezikhiqizwa ulwazi nomlando.
Ngokutadisha isikhala nendawo, i-anthropology yamasiko iyakwazi ukwembula izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zomphakathi, amasiko, kanye nobunikazi. Kusukela ezindaweni zomphakathi kuya ezindaweni ezingcwele, kusukela emadolobheni kuya emadolobhaneni, kanye nasezindaweni ezibonakalayo kuya kwezibonakalayo, i-anthropology yamasiko iyaqhubeka nokulwela ukuqonda ukuthi abantu basebenzisana kanjani nendawo abahlala kuyo nokuthi banikeza kanjani incazelo ezindaweni abahlala kuzo. Ukuhwebelana komhlaba kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kuyaqhubeka nokucebisa nokuguqula indlela esiqonda futhi sihumushe ngayo isikhala nendawo, okwenza kube yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekufundeni kumongo womhlaba wonke oxhumene kakhulu.
