Mekhoa ea Tlhahlobo ea Lintlha tsa Lipalopalo
Tšebeliso ea lipalo-palo tlhahlobong ea data e se e le ea bohlokoa haholo mafapheng a fapaneng, ho tloha khoebong le bophelong bo botle ho ea ho saense le mahlale a sechaba. Lipalo-palo li fana ka lisebelisoa tse nolofalletsang bafuputsi le litsebi ho toloka le ho etsa liqeto ho tsoa ho data e rarahaneng. Sehloohong sena, re tla tšohla mekhoa e fapaneng e sebelisoang haholo ea tlhahlobo ea data ea lipalo-palo, ho kenyeletsoa le mekhoa e hlalosang, e sa fetoheng, e khutlisetsang morao le e nang le mefuta e mengata, hammoho le ts'ebeliso ea eona bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi.
1. Tlhahlobo e hlalosang
Pendahuluan
Tlhahlobo ea tlhaloso e ikemiselitse ho hlalosa, ho akaretsa le ho hlophisa lintlha ka mokhoa o utloisisehang haholoanyane. Mokhoa ona o kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea litafole, li-graph le lipalo-palo tse hlalosang.
Boenjiniere bo Akaretsang
1. Kabo ea Maqhubu: Mokhoa ona o kenyelletsa ho arola lintlha ka lihlopha ho latela makhetlo a hlahang. Mohlala, kabo ea makhetlo e ka re thusa ho utloisisa hore na lintlha tsa liteko tsa baithuti li ajoa joang.
2. Tafole ea Maemo a Tšohanyetso: Tafole ena e sebelisoa ho bontša kamano pakeng tsa mefuta e 'meli ea lihlopha, mohlala ho fumana hore na ho na le kamano pakeng tsa bong le khetho ea sehlahisoa.
3. Dikerafo le Dichate: Dikerafo tsa dibar, dihistogram, le dichate tsa phae ke disebediswa tse sebetsang haholo tsa pono bakeng sa ho emela data. Mohlala, histogram e ka bontsha kabo ya diphetho tsa teko ka hara tlelase.
4. Litekanyo tsa Bohare: Bohare, bohare, le mokhoa ke litekanyo tsa bohare tse thusang ho akaretsa data ka boleng bo bohareng ba data.
5. Litekanyo tsa ho Hasana: Phapang e tloaelehileng, phapang, le sebaka ke litekanyo tsa ho hasana tse thusang ho utloisisa phapang ea data.
Kopo
Mohlala, lefapheng la bophelo bo botle, tlhahlobo e hlalosang e ka sebelisoa ho hlalosa kabo ea baahi ba bakuli sepetlele.
2. Tlhahlobo ea ho nahana ka lintho tse itseng
Pendahuluan
Tlhahlobo ea ho nahana ka kakaretso e ikemiselitse ho etsa kakaretso ka baahi ho latela lintlha tsa sampole. Mokhoa ona o bohlokoa bakeng sa ho etsa liqeto le tlhahlobo ea khopolo-taba.
Boenjiniere bo Akaretsang
1. Teko ea Khopolo-taba: Sena se kenyelletsa ho leka likhakanyo mabapi le liparamente tsa baahi. Mehlala e tloaelehileng e kenyelletsa teko ea t, teko ea Z, le teko ea chi-square.
2. Nako ea Kholiseho: Nako ena e fana ka khakanyo ea sebaka seo paramethara ea baahi e ka bang ho sona, ho latela lintlha tsa sampole.
3. ANOVA (Tlhahlobo ea Phapang): E sebelisoa ho bapisa lihlopha tse tharo kapa ho feta ho bona hore na mekhoa ea tsona e fapane haholo.
Kopo
Mohlala, lipatlisisong tsa bongaka, mofuputsi a ka sebelisa teko ea t ho fumana hore na phapang ea khatello e tloaelehileng ea mali pakeng tsa lihlopha tse peli tsa bakuli (mohlala, sehlopha se seng se fumanang moriana o mocha le se seng se fumanang placebo) e bohlokoa ka lipalo-palo.
3. Tlhahlobo ea ho Fokotsa Khatello
Pendahuluan
Tlhahlobo ea ho khutlela morao e sebelisoa ho hlahloba kamano pakeng tsa lintho tse peli kapa ho feta tse fetohang, hangata ka sepheo sa ho bolela esale pele kapa tlhaloso.
Boenjiniere bo Akaretsang
1. Ho Fokotsa Mola o Mong ka Tsela e Bonolo: Mokhoa ona o sebediswa ho etsa mohlala wa kamano pakeng tsa phetoho e le nngwe e ikemetseng (ponelopele) le phetoho e le nngwe e itshetlehileng (sephetho).
2. Ho Fokotsa Methapo e Mengata: Mokhoa ona o kenyelletsa mefuta e fetang e le 'ngoe e ikemetseng ho bolela esale pele mofuta o le mong o itšetlehileng ka oona.
3. Ho Fokotsa Maemo a Tshebetso: Sena se sebediswa ha phetoho e itshetlehileng e le ya binary kapa ya sehlopha, mohlala, ho bolela esale pele hore na mokuli o na le lefu le itseng (e/tjhe) ho latela mabaka a fapaneng a kotsi.
Kopo
Papatsong, ho khutlela morao ka tsela e bonolo ho ka sebediswa ho bolela esale pele thekiso ho itshetlehile hodima ditshenyehelo tsa papatso. Ho khutlela morao ka tsela e nepahetseng ho ka sebediswa bophelong ba setjhaba ho bolela esale pele kotsi ya stroke ho itshetlehile ka mabaka a kang dilemo, boima ba mmele le mekgwa ya ho tsuba.
4. Tlhahlobo ea Multivariate
Pendahuluan
Tlhahlobo ea multivariate e kenyelletsa thuto e le 'ngoe ea li-variable tse peli kapa ho feta tse itšetlehileng ka tsona. Sepheo ke ho utloisisa mekhoa e rarahaneng ea likamano lipakeng tsa li-variable.
Boenjiniere bo Akaretsang
1. Tlhahlobo ea Lintlha: E sebelisoa ho khetholla lihlopha tsa lintho tse fapaneng tse amanang haholo e le hore li ka aroloa ka lintlha tse bonolo.
2. Tlhahlobo ea Lihlopha: E sebelisoa ho arola lihlopha tse tšoanang tsa lintlha ka lihlopha. Sena se thusa ho arola 'maraka, moo bareki ba nang le mekhoa e tšoanang ea ho reka ba ka kopanngoang hammoho.
3. Tlhahlobo ea Likarolo tse ka Sehloohong (PCA): E sebelisoa ho fokotsa boholo ba li-data sets tse kholo ha ka nako e ts'oanang e boloka phapang e kholo datang.
Kopo
Phuputsong ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, tlhahlobo ea lintlha e ka sebelisoa ho khetholla lihlopha tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse sebelisanang 'moho. Papatsong, tlhahlobo ea lihlopha e ka sebelisoa ho khetholla likarolo tse fapaneng tsa 'maraka ho latela likhetho tsa bareki.
Qetello
Mekhoa ea lipalo-palo e fana ka lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tse thusang haholo bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea data. Li tloha ho mekhoa ea tlhaloso ho ea ho nolofatsa le ho hlalosa data, ho ea ho mekhoa ea ho nahana ho etsa kakaretso le liqeto tse thehiloeng ho data ea sampole. Li boetse li kenyelletsa mekhoa ea ho khutlisa morao ho etsa mohlala oa likamano lipakeng tsa mefuta-futa le mekhoa ea multivariate ho utloisisa mekhoa e rarahaneng ea data.
Ho tseba mekhoa ena ho thusa bafuputsi le litsebi ho etsa tlhahlobo e felletseng ea data le ho fana ka motheo o tiileng oa ho etsa liqeto tse nang le tsebo. Mehleng ena ea tlhahisoleseling, ho sebelisa mekhoa e nepahetseng ea tlhahlobo ea data ea lipalo-palo ho ka fana ka monyetla o moholo oa tlholisano masimong a fapaneng.
Ka hona, ho utloisisa mekhoa ena ha se feela bokgoni bo eketsehileng, empa ke tlhoko ya motheo ya ho sebetsana le diphephetso tsa data lefatsheng lena le ntseng le fetoha.
