Maitiro Ekugadzira Urini Neitsvo
Itsvo inhengo dzinokosha mumuviri wemunhu dzinoita basa rakakosha muhurongwa hwekuburitsa tsvina. Munhu wese ane itsvo mbiri dziri kumativi ese emusana wepazasi. Basa guru reitsvo nderekusefa ropa, kubvisa zvinhu zvisingadiwi, uye kuchengetedza mwero wemvura ne electrolyte mumuviri. Chimwe chezvibereko zvekushanda kweitsvo uku i weti.
Weti inogadzirwa kuburikidza nemaitiro akaomarara ane matanho akati wandei. Maitiro ekuumbwa kweweti yeitsvo ane matanho matatu makuru: kupfapfaidzwa kweglomerular, kutorwazve kwechubhu, uye kuburitswa kwechubhu.
Kusefa kweGlomerular
Maitiro ekuumbwa kweweti anotangira mu glomerulus, iri pakutanga kwe nephron yega yega. Nephron ndiyo chikamu chinoshanda cheitsvo, uye itsvo yega yega ine ma nephrons angangoita miriyoni imwe. Glomerulus muunganidzwa wema capillaries eropa akakomberedzwa nekapisiyumu kaBowman. Kuumbwa kweweti kunotanga mu glomerulus, zvichisanganisira kusefa kweropa kuburikidza nemadziro ema capillary anopindika zvishoma nezvishoma.
Kukwira kweropa mu glomerulus kunomanikidza mvura nezvidimbu zvidiki kuburikidza nemadziro e capillary kupinda mu Bowman's capsule, nepo masero eropa nemapuroteni makuru asingakwanise kupfuura nepakati uye kuramba ari muropa. Mugumisiro weiyi nzira yekusefa imvura inozivikanwa se glomerular filtrate, iyo isina kusiyana zvakanyanya ne plasma yeropa asi isina mapuroteni nemasero eropa.
Kudzoserwazve kweTubular
Danho rechipiri pakuumbwa kweweti ndeyekutorwazve kwetubhuru, kunoitika kana glomerular filtrate ichifamba nemumatuburu eitsvo, ayo ane proximal tubule, loop yeHenle, distal tubule, uye collecting duct.
- Proximal Tubule:
Kutorwazve kwezvinhu zvakawanda zvinodiwa nemuviri kunoitika muproximal tubule. Inenge 65% yemvura, sodium ions, calcium, potassium, amino acids, uye glucose zviri mu glomerular filtrate zvinotorwazve kuburikidza nemaitiro anoshanda uye asingashande kudzokera muropa kuburikidza ne peritubular capillaries.
- Ruzhowa rwaHenle:
Ruzhowa rweHenle runoita basa guru muhuwandu hweweti. Ruzhowa rwunodzika rweruzhowa rweHenle runopindika zvakanyanya mumvura, zvichibvumira mvura kupfuura kubva mufiltrate ichienda mu hypertonic renal medulla. Kusiyana neizvi, ruzhowa rwunokwira rweruzhowa rweHenle harupindi mvura asi runofambisa sodium ne chloride ions kubva mufiltrate.
- Distal Tubule neCollecting Duct:
Mu distal tubule ne collecting duct, mahormone akadai se aldosterone nema antidiuretic hormones anoita basa guru mukugadzirisa kuwedzera kwe sodium nemvura. Izvi zvinobvumira muviri kusangana nezvinodiwa zvawo zvakaenzana, kusanganisira kudzora huwandu uye osmolarity yemvura yemuviri.
Kubuda kweTubular
Danho rekupedzisira pakuumbwa kweweti nderokubuda kwechubhu. Munguva iyi, zvinhu zvisingadiwe kana zvakawandisa muropa, zvakaita sehydrogen ions, potassium ions, creatinine, nemimwe mishonga, zvinoburitswa muchubhu kuburikidza neperitubular capillaries. Kubuda uku kwakakosha pakugadzirisa acid-base balance uye pakufambisa zvinhu zvine chepfu kubva muropa kuenda kufirita kuti zvibudiswe mumuviri.
Kudzora Hurumu hweUrini uye Kuumbwa Kwayo
Itsvo hadzina basa chete pakuumbwa kweweti asiwo mukugadzirisa huwandu hwayo zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemuviri. Izvi zvinodzorwa kuburikidza nemaitiro akasiyana-siyana emahormone, akadai se:
– Hormone Inoderedza Kubuda Kwemvura Mudumbu (ADH):
Homoni iyi inowedzera kupinza kwemugero wemvura muropa kuitira kuti mvura yakawanda idzoke muropa uye inoderedza huwandu hweweti.
- Aldosterone:
Homoni iyi inowedzera kutorwazve kwe sodium mu distal tubule ne collecting duct, izvo zvinokonzera kuwedzera kutorwazve kwemvura isina simba, kuwedzera vhoriyamu yeropa uye kudzikira kwevhoriyamu yeweti.
– Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP):
Hormone iyi inoburitswa nemoyo kana huwandu hweropa hwakwira zvakanyanya uye ichiita basa rekuderedza kudzoserwa kwe sodium muitsvo, zvichiita kuti sodium yakawanda nemvura zvibude, nokudaro zvichideredza huwandu hweropa uye kuwedzera huwandu hweweti.
Kubviswa kweWeti
Mushure mekusefa, kunyudzwazve, uye kubudiswa, mvura inosara mumachubhu eitsvo inozopedzisira yashandurwa kuita weti. Weti inobva yayerera ichibva mumigero inounganidza ichienda kuchiuno cheitsvo, yobva yabuda nemumaureter kuti ichengetwe mudundira. Kana dundira razara, chiratidzo chinotumirwa kuuropi kuti chikurudzire kuda weti, uye weti inozoburitswa mumuviri kuburikidza neurethra.
Mhedziso
Itsvo inhengo dzakakosha mukuchengetedza homeostasis yemuviri kuburikidza nekuumbwa kweweti. Kusefa kweglomerular, kutorwazve kwechubhu, uye kuburitswa kwechubhu ndiwo matanho matatu makuru anobatanidzwa mukuita uku. Kuburikidza nemaitiro aya, itsvo dzinoona kuti tsvina ye metabolic inobviswa uye dzinochengetedza kuenzana kwemvura, electrolyte, uye acid-base mumuviri. Kunzwisisa maitiro aya kunoita kuti pave neruzivo rwekukosha kwehutano hweitsvo mukuchengetedza kuenzana uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemamwe nhengo.
