Maumbirwo uye Mashandiro eAdrenal Glands
Pendauluan
Matumbu eadrenal, anozivikanwawo sematumbu esuprarenal, matumbu eendocrine anoita basa rakakosha mukudzora mashandiro akasiyana emuviri. Ari pamusoro peitsvo, matumbu aya ane zvikamu zviviri zvikuru: adrenal cortex neadrenal medulla. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu izvi chine basa rakasiyana uye chinoburitsa mahormone akasiyana. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora chimiro nebasa rematumbu eadrenal zvakadzama.
Maumbirwo eGland reAdrenal
Matumbu eadrenal ane zvikamu zviviri zvikuru: adrenal cortex, iri kunze, uye adrenal medulla, iri mukati.
1. Adrenal Cortex
Kortex ine zvikamu zvitatu:
– Zona Glomerulosa: Chikamu chekunze chinoburitsa mahormone emineralocorticoid, akadai sealdosterone. Hormone iyi inodzora mwero wemvura nemunyu mumuviri, izvo zvakakosha kuti ropa rigare rakagadzikana.
– Zona Fasciculata: Chikamu chepakati chinoburitsa glucocorticoids, senge cortisol. Cortisol ndiyo homoni huru yekushushikana inobatsira muviri kupindura kushushikana uye inodzora metabolism yemapuroteni, mafuta, uye makabhohaidhiretsi.
– Zona Reticularis: Rutivi rwakadzama rwecortex runoburitsa androgens, mahormone epabonde anoita basa mukukura kwehunhu hwechipiri hwepabonde.
2. Adrenal Medulla
Chikamu ichi cheadrenal gland chinoburitsa ma catecholamines, akadai se adrenaline ne noradrenaline. Mahormone aya anoburitswa mushure mekushushikana kana kutyisidzirwa kwemuviri, kunozivikanwa se 'kurwa kana kutiza'.
Basa reAdrenal Glands
Mahormone eAdrenal anogadzira mahormone akasiyana-siyana anokanganisa nhengo dzese dzemuviri. Mabasa makuru emahormone anogadzirwa nemahormone eAdrenal anosanganisira:
1. Kudzora Kushanda Kwemuviri
Iyo adrenal cortex inoburitsa mahormone eglucocorticoid, kunyanya cortisol, ayo anoita basa rakakosha mukuchinja kwemakabohidrati, mapuroteni, uye mafuta mumuviri. Cortisol inobatsira kukwidza huwandu hweshuga muropa nekukurudzira kugadzirwa kweglucose muchiropa uye kupwanya mapuroteni kuti agadzire maamino acid anogona kushandiswa sesimba.
2. Kudzora Kumanikidzwa Kweropa
Aldosterone, inogadzirwa ne zona glomerulosa, inoita basa rekuchengetedza kuenzana kwe sodium ne potassium mumuviri nekubatsira itsvo kuchengetedza sodium uye kuburitsa potassium. Izvi zvakakosha mukugadzirisa huwandu hweropa ne BP. Kusaenzana kwemazinga e aldosterone kunogona kutungamira kuzvirwere zvakaita se BP kana hypotension.
3. Mhinduro yekushushikana
Adrenaline ne noradrenaline, zvinogadzirwa ne adrenal medulla, ndiwo mahormone maviri makuru anobatanidzwa mukupindura kwekurwa kana kuti kubhururuka. Mumamiriro ekushushikana kana njodzi, mahormone aya anowedzera kurova kwemoyo, BP, uye kuyerera kweropa kuenda kune tsandanyama hombe, pamwe nekukurumidzisa kufema uye kuunganidza simba kubva mumafuta ne glycogen zvakachengetwa.
4. Kudzora Kushanda Kwemuviri Wekudzivirira Kurwara
Cortisol ine simba rekudzivirira kuzvimba uye kudzvinyirira masoja emuviri, zvichiita kuti ive yakakosha mukupindura kwemuviri kuzvimba uye zvirwere zve autoimmune. Cortisol inogona kudzvinyirira mashandiro emamwe masero emasoja emuviri, kubatsira kuderedza kuzvimba, uye kugadzirisa mashandiro emasoja emuviri.
5. Kudzora Mabasa Ekuberekwa Uye Ebonde
MaAndrogens anogadzirwa nereticular zone yeadrenal cortex, akadai se dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), ane basa guru mukukura kwehunhu hwechipiri hwepabonde uye anokanganisa libido muvarume nevakadzi. Munguva yekuyaruka, ma androgens anobatsira mukukura kwenhengo dzekubereka dzevarume uye kukura kwembeu.
Matambudziko eAdrenal Gland
Kusawirirana kwemahormone anogadzirwa neadrenal glands kunogona kukonzera matambudziko akasiyana-siyana ehutano. Mamwe ematambudziko aya anosanganisira:
1. Chirwere cheAddison
Chirwere cheAddison chirwere apo adrenal cortex haigadzi mahormone e corticosteroid akakwana. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kushaya simba kwetsandanyama, kudzikira kwehuremu, kuderera kweropa, uye kuwedzera kwe pigmentation yeganda. Chirwere ichi chinowanzo kukonzerwa nekukuvara kwe autoimmune kune adrenal glands.
2. Chirwere cheCushing
Chirwere cheCushing chinokonzerwa nekuwanda kwecortisol mumuviri. Chinogona kukonzerwa nebundu repituitary (rinonzi chirwere cheCushing) kana bundu readrenal. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kufuta kwakanyanya, kumeso kwakatenderera, kutetepa kwemakumbo, BP, uye huwandu hweshuga muropa hwakakwira.
3. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Dambudziko iri rinokonzerwa nekuchinja kwemajini kunokonzera kugadzirwa kwakawandisa kana kusagadzirwa zvakakwana kwehomoni neadrenal glands, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kusashanda zvakanaka kwemamwe mahormone. Semuenzaniso, kushomeka kweenzyme inodiwa pakugadzirwa kwecortisol kunogona kukonzera kugadzirwa kwakawandisa kweandrogen.
4. Pheochromocytoma
Pheochromocytoma ibundu riri muadrenal medulla rinoburitsa huwandu hwakawanda hweadrenaline nenoradrenaline. Dambudziko iri rinokonzera BP yakanyanya uye zvimwe zviratidzo zvakaita semusoro, kurova kwemoyo, uye kudikitira zvakanyanya.
Mhedziso
Matumbu eadrenal chikamu chakakosha chehurongwa hwe endocrine yemunhu, achiita basa rakakosha mumabasa akasiyana-siyana emuviri, anosanganisira kudzora metabolism, BP, kupindura kushushikana, uye mashandiro ekudzivirira muviri. Kukuvara kana kusashanda zvakanaka kwetumbu eadrenal kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakakomba kuhutano hwemunhu. Nokudaro, kunzwisisa chimiro nebasa retumbu eadrenal kwakakosha mubazi rezvehutano, kunyanya mukuongorora nekurapa zvirwere zvine chekuita netumbu aya.
