Maitiro eReflex uye Maitiro Aanoita
Maitiro e reflex ndeimwe yezviitiko zvakakosha uye zvakakosha zvinoitika mumuviri wemunhu nemhuka. Reflex inogona kutsanangurwa semhinduro inokurumidza, otomatiki kune chimwe chinhu chinoitika pasina kuziva kana kubatanidzwa kweuropi pakutanga. Reflexes chikamu chakakosha chehurongwa hwetsinga uye inoita basa rakakosha mukurarama nekudzivirira muviri kubva mukukuvadzwa nekubatsira kuchengetedza homeostasis.
Kunzwisisa Maitiro eReflex
Kufefetera kunowanzo sanganisira kukurudzira kuri nyore uye nekukurumidza uye mhinduro. Semuenzaniso, kana ukabata chimwe chinhu chinopisa, muviri wako unozobvisa ruoko rwako kubva panopisa pasina kufunga nezvazvo. Kufefetera uku kunoitika kuburikidza nenzira yefefetera inosanganisira sensory receptors, sensory neurons, intermediate neurons (interneurons), uye motor neurons.
Zvikamu uye Matanho eReflex Mechanism
Maitiro eReflexes anosanganisira zvinhu zvakakosha zvakawanda, zvinoti:
1. MaReceptor Ekunzwisisa: MaReceptor aya anoshanda sema detector anopindura kune zvinokurudzira kubva kune nharaunda yekunze kana yemukati. Semuenzaniso, maReceptor ekupisa ari muganda anoona zvinokurudzira kupisa.
2. Masero etsinga: Ruzivo rwunogamuchirwa nemasero etsinga rwunozotumirwa kuhurongwa hwetsinga huru kuburikidza nemasero etsinga. Masero aya anoshanda semakondirakita, achitakura masaini kubva kumasero etsinga kuenda kumusana kana kuuropi.
3. Ma-Interneurons: Kana chiratidzo chasvika kunhengo dzetsinga, kazhinji musana, chinopfuura nemuma-interneurons anoshanda sechisungo pakati pema-sensory neurons nema-motor neurons.
4. MaNeuron eMota: Kubva kuma interneurons, zviratidzo zvinotumirwa kuma neuron emota anoshanda kutakura mirairo kubva kuhurongwa hwepakati hwetsinga kuenda kune zvinokonzeresa, zvakaita setsandanyama kana magland.
5. Mushandi: Pakupedzisira, mushandi, uyo unowanzova tsandanyama kana gland, anopindura murairo waanogamuchira uye oita mhinduro yakakodzera, sekuburitsa ruoko kubva panopisa.
Kudzokorora Muchinjikwa: Reflex Arc
Reflex arc inzira yenzira yetsinga iyo reflex impulse inotora kubva pakukurudzira kusvika pamhinduro. Kune mhando mbiri huru dzereflex arcs:
1. Monosynaptic Reflex: Ine synapse imwe chete iri pakati pe sensory neuron ne motor neuron. Muenzaniso weiyi reflex ibvi jerk kana patellar reflex. Kana tendon iri pasi pebvi yabatwa, tsandanyama dze quadriceps dzinogumburwa, zvichiita kuti gumbo rifambe mberi.
2. Polysynaptic Reflexes: Inosanganisira synapses dzinopfuura imwe chete. Murudzi urwu rwe reflex, pane interneuron imwe chete pakati pe sensory neuron ne motor neuron. Muenzaniso we reflex iyi i withdrawal reflex, apo ruoko runodzoka rwoga mushure mekubata chinhu chinopisa.
Mienzaniso yeKufungisisa Kwevanhu
Heano mimwe mienzaniso yakajairika ye reflexes muvanhu:
1. Patellar Reflex: Sezvambotaurwa, kubata zvishoma pasi pepatella kunoita kuti tsoka ifambe mberi. Iyi reflex inowanzo shandiswa navanachiremba kuongorora mashandiro etsinga.
2. Kudzora Kudzora: Kana uchibata chinhu chinopisa, muviri unoburitsa chikamu chakabatwa woga.
3. Kupenya-penya: Kupenya uku kunoitika kana ziso rikaonekwa kamwe kamwe pachinhu kana chiedza chakajeka chekudzivirira bhora reziso.
4. Kufema Nekunwa: Vana vacheche vanofema nemuromo kana vakabatwa. Kufema uku kunobatsira pakuyamwisa.
5. Babinski Reflex: Iyi i reflex muvacheche apo kubata pasi petsoka kunoita kuti zvigunwe zvipararire kunze. Reflex iyi inowanzopera nekukura.
Kukosha kweKufungisisa Muhupenyu Hwezuva Nezuva
Reflexes dzine mabasa akakosha akawanda:
1. Dziviriro: Kufembera kwakawanda kunoitika kudzivirira muviri kubva mukukuvadzwa. Semuenzaniso, kufembera kwemuviri nekufembera kunoitika kudzivirira muviri kubva mukukuvadzwa.
2. Homeostasis: Mamwe ma reflex anobatsira kuchengetedza homeostasis, kana kugadzikana, mumuviri. Mienzaniso inosanganisira cough reflex, iyo inochenesa nzira dzekufema, uye honye reflex, iyo inobvisa zvinhu zvinotsamwisa kubva mumhino.
3. Kutaurirana: Mune dzimwe mhuka, kufefetera kunoshandawo senzira yekutaurirana. Semuenzaniso, dzimwe hove dzinoratidza mavara akasiyana seyambiro kuzvikara kana sechiratidzo kuboka radzo.
Nzvimbo Yekudzora Reflex
Kunyange zvazvo mamwe ma reflexes akareruka achiitika pamwero wemusana, izvi hazvirevi kuti uropi hahuna chekuita zvachose. Ma reflexes akaomarara uye kudzorwa kwe basic reflexes kunoitika muuropi. Uropi hunobatanidzwa mukugadzirisa simba re reflex response uye kusarudza kana kurebesa kana kumisa response response.
Mutsipa wemusana nehuropi
– Mutsipa wemusana: Inoshanda senzvimbo huru yekufema zviri nyore. Inotumira mirairo pakarepo kutsandanyama kana magland kuti iite mhinduro nekukurumidza.
– Uropi: Hunowanzobatanidzwa mukuita zvinhu zvakaoma kunzwisisa uye hunopa simba rakawanda rekutonga mashandiro emuviri.
Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kufembera Kwemuviri
Zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvinogona kukanganisa kugona kwe reflex uye kumhanya, zvinosanganisira:
1. Hutano Nezera: Sezvatinokura, kumhanya kwemhinduro ye reflex kunogona kudzikira. Mamwe matambudziko ehutano, akadai se peripheral neuropathy, anogonawo kukanganisa reflexes.
2. Kudzidzira uye Ruzivo: Semuenzaniso, vatambi vakadzidzisa mafungiro avo kuti akurumidze kupfuura emunhuwo zvake. Kudzidzira kakawanda kunogona kuwedzera kumhanya uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemhinduro dzemanzwiro.
3. Mishonga: Mimwe mishonga nedoro zvinogona kukanganisa mashandiro etsinga nekudzora kana kutodzvinyirira mashandiro etsinga.
4. Majini: Zvimwe zvinhu zve reflex reactivity zvinogona kugarwa nhaka. Vanhu vane mamwe majini vanogona kunge vaine kumhanya kwakasiyana kana simba re reflex.
Tsvagiridzo yeParizvino uye Mashandisirwo eKliniki
Mukurapa, kuyedzwa kwe reflex chikamu chakakosha chekuongorora tsinga. Kudzorwa kwe reflex kusingawanzoitiki kunogona kuva chiratidzo chezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvetsinga zvakaita se multiple sclerosis, kukuvara kwemusana, uye mamwe matambudziko ekuzvimba.
Muongororo yazvino, neuroscience yakatanga kuburitsa pachena nzira dzakadzika dze reflexes. Tekinoroji dzakadai se functional MRI uye PET scans dzinobvumira vaongorori kuona nzvimbo dzeuropi dzinobatanidzwa mukudzora reflex uye kuti reflexes dzinogona kuchinjwa sei nekudzidza neruzivo.
Mhedziso
Kufefetera zvinhu zvakakosha uye zvinonakidza zvinoita kuti muviri wemunhu upindure kune zvinokurudzira nekukurumidza uye pasina chikonzero chekufunga. Maitiro ekufema anosanganisira kudyidzana kwakaoma pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehurongwa hwetsinga uye anoshanda mabasa akasiyana-siyana akakosha, kubva pakudzivirira kusvika pakugara zvakanaka kwemuviri.
Nekunzwisisa kuri nani mashandiro anoita ma reflexes uye kuti zvinhu zvinoakanganisa sei, nyika yezvekurapa nemasayendisiti vanotarisirwa kugadzira nzira itsva dzekuongorora, kurapa, uye kugadzirisa zvirwere zvetsinga pamwe nekushandiswa kwakakura mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakadai semitambo nedzidzo.
