Basa reAmylase Enzymes muKugaya Makabhohaidhiretsi
Kugaya chikafu inzira yakaoma inosanganisira nhengo dzakawanda nema enzymes kuti chikafu chigayiwe kuita zvinovaka muviri zvinogona kutorwa nemuviri. Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinovaka muviri zvinoda kugayiwa makabhohaidhiretsi, uye enzyme inoita basa guru mukuita uku i amylase. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura zvakadzama basa re amylase mukugaya makabhohaidhiretsi, mashandiro ayo, manyuko ayo ekugadzirwa mumuviri, uye kukosha kwayo kuhutano hwevanhu.
Chii chinonzi Amylase?
Amylase ienzyme inokonzeresa kuputsika kwemamorekuru akaomarara emacarbohydrate kuita shuga yakapfava. Amylase inonyanya kushanda pamapolysaccharides akadai sestarch neglycogen, ichinyungudutsa glycosidic bonds kuti ibudise monosaccharide units dzakadai seglucose. Kune mhando mbiri huru dzeamylase dzinowanikwa mumuviri wemunhu: alpha-amylase (α-amylase) uye beta-amylase (β-amylase). Chinyorwa chino chichatarisa pane alpha-amylase, sezvo iriyo fomu huru inobatanidzwa mukugaya kwevanhu.
Nhoroondo uye Kuwanikwa
Kuwanikwa kweamylase kwakatanga nekudzidza ma enzymes uye kuviriswa kwemushonga wemakemikari wekuFrance Anselme Payen muna 1833. Payen akawana enzyme iri mu malt extract ndokuitumidza kuti diastase, izwi rava kuzivikanwa seamylase. Kubva pakuwanikwa uku, tsvakiridzo yakawedzerwa yakaita kuti pave nekunzwisisa kwakazara kwemaumbirwo, mashandiro, uye kukosha kweamylase mukugaya kwevanhu.
Kugadzirwa kweAmylase uye Kubuda
Amylase inogadzirwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana mumuviri. Nzvimbo mbiri huru dzinobva amylase dzinosanganisira mate nepancreas.
1. Amylase yemate:
Mate anoburitsa mate amylase, inozivikanwawo septyalin. Kana chikafu chikapinda mumuromo, mate amylase anotanga kupwanya starch kuita maltose nedextrin. Izvi zvinoitika panguva yekutsenga uye chikafu chisati chamedzwa. Kunaka kunotapira kunowanzoitika kana uchidya chikafu chine starch, senge mupunga kana chingwa, kunokonzerwa nemate amylase inopwanya starch kuita shuga.
2. Amylase yepancreatic:
Mushure mekunge chikafu chapfuura nemudumbu chopinda mudumbu diki, pancreatic amylase inotora nzvimbo. Amylase iyi inogadzirwa nepancreas yobva yaburitswa muduodenum kuburikidza nepancreatic duct. Pancreatic amylase inoenderera mberi nekugaya zvinobudirira nekuti pH mudumbu diki ndiyo yakanakira basa reenzyme iyi. Pancreatic amylase inoputsa starch kuita maltose, maltotriose, uye oligosaccharides diki, ayo anobva apatsanurwa kuita monosaccharides nemamwe maenzymes ari pamusoro pemasero madiki emudumbu.
Maitiro Ekuita eAmylase
Amylase inoshanda kuburikidza nehydrolysis, ichiputsa ma glycosidic bonds (C-O-C bonds) pakati pema glucose units ari mu starch. Alpha-amylase inonyanya kuziva ma alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds. Iyi enzyme inorwisa ma starch molecules zvisina tsarukano, ichiapwanya kuita zvidimbu zvidiki zvakaita semaltose (ma glucose units maviri), maltotriose (ma glucose units matatu), uye shorter dextrins.
Iyi mhinduro ye hydrolysis inogona kupfupikiswa seinotevera:
\[ (C_6H_{10}O_5)_n + nH_2O \kurudyi nC_6H_{12}O_6 \]
Mukuita uku, starch yakanyungudutswa kuita glucose kana paine mvura uye enzyme inonzi amylase. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti maitiro aya haana kukwana mumuromo uye anoenderera mberi muura hudiki nepancreatic amylase.
Kukosha kweKliniki uye Hutano
Kukosha kweamylase hakugoni kutaurwa zvakanyanya, sezvo kukanganiswa kwemakabhohaidhiretsi kusina kukwana kunogona kukonzera matambudziko akasiyana-siyana ekugaya chikafu uye metabolic process. Kushaikwa kana kukanganiswa kwekugadzirwa kweamylase uye mashandiro ayo kunogona kutungamira kumamiriro ezvinhu akadai sekusabatwa zvakanaka kwemakabhohaidhiretsi, kusawirirana nemakabhohaidhiretsi, uye kunyange pancreatitis.
1. Kushaikwa kweAmylase:
Kushaikwa kwema enzyme eAmylase kunogona kukonzera kutadza kugaya starch zvakanaka, zvichikonzera zviratidzo zvakaita sekuzvimba, gasi, uye manyoka. Izvi zvinogona kuitika nekuda kwekukuvara kwepancreas (senge pancreatitis) kana chirwere chemajini chinokanganisa kugadzirwa kwema enzyme.
2. Chipembenene:
Pancreatitis, kana kuzvimba kwepancreas, kunogona kuderedza kugadzirwa kwema enzymes epancreas, kusanganisira amylase. Izvi zvinowanzoonekwa nekuyera huwandu hwe amylase muropa; huwandu hwakawanda hunoratidza kukuvara kwepancreas kana kuvharika kwemugero wepancreas.
3. Kuongororwa kwechirwere:
Mazinga eAmylase muropa nemuweti anowanzo kuyerwa pakuongorora mashandiro epancreas. Kukwira kwakanyanya kwemazinga eamylase muropa kunogona kuratidza kuti pancreatitis yakanyanyisa kana kuti pancreatic duct yakavharika.
Amylase uye Kudya
Zvokudya zvakapfuma mumakabhohaidhiretsi akaomarara, akadai sezviyo, miriwo yemidzi, nembeu, zvinoshandisa amylase kuita shuga dziri nyore dzinogona kutorwa nemuviri. Kugayiwa kwekutanga kwemakabhohaidhiretsi mumuromo neamylase yemate kunoratidzawo kukosha kwekutsenga chikafu zvakakwana kuti zviwedzere kugaya uye kunwa zvinovaka muviri.
Kugadzira Zvinhu Zvitsva uye Kushandiswa Kwekurapa
Tsvagiridzo inoramba ichienderera mberi nekunzwisisa amylase uye mashandisirwo ayo. Semuenzaniso, amylase inoshandiswa muindasitiri yezvikafu kugadzirisa hupfu nestarch, uye mumaindasitiri emachira nemapepa kuchinja hunhu hwemakemikari ezvinhu zvakagadzirwa.
Pamusoro pezvo, pane mukana wekushandisa amylase mukurapa kwekutsiva ma enzyme kune vanhu vasina kukwana mu enzyme iyi nekuda kwemamwe mamiriro ehutano. Ma probiotics ane tupukanana tunogadzira amylase ari kuongororwawo kuti abatsire kugaya chikafu kune vanhu vane matambudziko e enzyme.
Mhedziso
Amylase ienzyme inokosha mukugaya makabhohaidhiretsi. Nekushandisa hydrolyzing glycosidic bonds mumamorekuru estarch, amylase inoshandura makabhohaidhiretsi akaoma kuita shuga dziri nyore dzinogona kunyudzwa nekushandiswa nemuviri. Saka, iyi enzyme inokosha kwete chete pakugaya asiwo pahutano hwese hwemetabolism. Kunzwisisa mashandiro uye kukosha kweamylase kunopa ruzivo rwuri nani pamusoro pekuti muviri unogaya sei uye unoshandisa sei makabhohaidhiretsi, pamwe nekukanganiswa kwebasa reiyi enzyme kunogona kukanganisa hutano. Tsvagiridzo yakawedzerwa uye hunyanzvi mukushandiswa kweamylase zvinoramba zvichifambira mberi, zvichipa mukana wakakura mukurapa nemuindasitiri.
