Mashandiro Esimba Rezuva
Simba rezuva ndeimwe yesimba rinowanikwazve pasi rose. Zuva rega rega, chiedza chezuva chinopa simba rakawanda rinogona kushandiswa kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvinodiwa nevanhu, kubva pakugadzira magetsi kusvika kumvura inodziya. Pakati pekuwedzera kwekuda simba uye kunetseka nezvemhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kushandisa simba rezuva kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera kukosha. Asi simba rezuva rinoshanda sei chaizvo? Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura pfungwa huru , mashandiro aro, zvikamu zvikuru, uye zvinhu zvinopesvedzera mashandiro esimba rezuva.
Simba rezuva senzvimbo inogona kudzokororwa
Zuva rinoburitsa simba muchimiro chemwaranzi yemagetsi. Rimwe remwaranzi iyi rinosvika pamusoro pePasi sechiedza chinoonekwa, cheinfrared, uye cheultraviolet. Simba iri rinogona kubatwa uye kushandurwa kuita mamwe marudzi esimba anobatsira. Kusiyana nemafuta efossil, ayo anogumira uye anogadzira kuburitsa kabhoni yakawanda, simba rezuva rinogona kuvandudzwa, hariperi panguva yevanhu, uye harikuvadzi nharaunda kana richishandiswa.
Kushandiswa kwesimba rezuva kunowanzo kamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri zvikuru: simba rezuva re photovoltaic (PV) kugadzira magetsi uye simba rezuva rinopisa kugadzira kupisa. Ose anoshanda nepfungwa dzakasiyana, kunyangwe ese achishandisa mwaranzi yezuva.
Mashandiro anoita maPaneru ezuva ePhotovoltaic (PV)
Masisitimu emagetsi anoshandura chiedza chezuva kuita magetsi zvakananga. Nheyo huru ndeye photovoltaic effect, chiitiko apo zvinhu zve semiconductor zvinogadzira magetsi kana zvikaiswa muchiedza.
1. Zvinhu zveSemiconductor uye PN Junctions
Mapaneru ezuva anoumbwa nemasero akawanda ezuva. Masero ezuva anowanzogadzirwa nesilicon, chinhu che semiconductor chinogona kufambisa magetsi pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Kuti igadzire magetsi, silicon "inoiswa" kuti igadzire zvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana:
– N-type, ine maerekitironi akawandisa (negative charge).
– P-type, isina maerekitironi kana kuti ine "maburi" (positive charge).
Kana zvikamu zviviri izvi zvabatanidzwa, panobva paumbwa PN junction. Munda wemagetsi wemukati unogadzirwa panzvimbo iyi, iyo inoita basa guru mukuparadzanisa machaji.
2. Kunyudzwa kwePhoton uye Kuumbwa kweElectron-Hole
Chiedza chezuva chine zvidimbu zvine simba zvinonzi maphoton. Kana maphoton akarova sero rezuva, simba rawo rinogona kutorwa nesilicon. Kana photon iine simba rakakwana, "inosunungura" maerekitironi kubva muchisungo chayo, yoita peya yemaerekitironi negomba.
3. Kupatsanurwa kweChaji neMagetsi
Munda wemagetsi uri panosangana PN unomanikidza maerekitironi kuenda kuN-type layer uye maburi kuenda kuP-type layer. Kupatsanurwa uku kunodzivirira maerekitironi kuti asasanganiswezve nemaburi, zvichigadzira musiyano ungangodaro (voltage).
4. Kuumbwa Kwemagetsi Mudunhu
Kana solar cell yakabatana ne external circuit, maerekitironi anoyerera nepawaya kuti adzokere kune rimwe divi. Kuyerera uku kwemaerekitironi kunoumba electric current. Magetsi anogadzirwa ne solar panels i direct current (DC). Zvisinei, midziyo yemumba yakawanda nema power grids anoshandisa alternating current (AC), zvichireva kuti zvinoda mimwe michina.
Zvikamu Zvikuru zveSisitimu yeSisitimu yeMagetsi eZuva (PLTS)
Kuti magetsi anobva kuzuva ashandiswe zvakachengeteka uye zvinobudirira, sisitimu yePV inowanzo kuve nezvinhu zvikuru zvakati wandei:
1. Mapaneru ezuva (mamodule ePV)
Bata chiedza chezuva wobva wagadzira magetsi eDC.
2. Inverter
Inoshandura magetsi eDC kuita AC kuitira kuti akwanise kushandiswa nemidziyo kana kugoverwa kune network.
3. Solar charge controller (iri pabhatiri)
Ronga kuchaja bhatiri kudzivirira kushaja zvakanyanya kana kubuda zvakanyanya.
4. Bhatiri (sarudzo)
Chengeta simba rekushandisa husiku kana mamiriro ekunze asina kujeka.
5. Chimiro chekuisa netambo
Inotsigira panel pakona yakati uye inodzora magetsi zvakachengeteka.
6. Dziviriro yemita nemagetsi
Kusanganisira MCB, dziviriro yekuputika kwemhepo, pasi, uye maturusi ekutarisa kuchengetedzeka uye kutarisa mashandiro.
Kazhinji, kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemagadzirirwo emagetsi ezuva: ari pagrid (akabatana negrid), ari kunze kwegrid (akazvimirira nemabhatiri), uye ari hybrid (musanganiswa wegrid nemabhatiri).
Mashandiro Anoita Simba reKupisa reSolar
Kusiyana nePV, iyo inoshandura chiedza kuita magetsi, masisitimu ezuva anopisa anoshandisa simba rezuva sekupisa. Nheyo yacho iri nyore: mwaranzi yezuva inotorwa nechinhu chakati, ipapo kupisa kunoshandiswa kupisa mvura (mvura kana mvura inotapurira kupisa).
1. Zviunganidzi zvezuva uye Kunwa kupisa
Chinhu chikuru chesystem yekupisa imuchina wezuva unobatanidza magetsi, kazhinji panel ine pamusoro unonyungudutsa mvura neruvara rwakasviba. Ruvara rwakasviba runobatsira kunyungudutsa mwaranzi yakawanda uye kuderedza kupenya kwechiedza.
2. Kutamisirwa Kupisa Kuenda Kumvura
Seri kwenzvimbo inounganidzirwa mvura kune mapaipi anopinda nemvura kana mvura chaiyo. Sezvo nzvimbo inounganidzirwa mvura ichipisa, simba rinoendeswa kumvura kuburikidza nekufambisa mvura nekubatanidza mvura. Mvura inodziya inozoendeswa kutangi rekuchengetera kana kushandiswa zvakananga.
3. Kushandiswa kweSolar Thermal
Simba rezuva rinopisa rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya pa:
– hita yemvura yepamba (hita yemvura yezuva),
- chitofu chedziva rekushambira,
- maitiro ekupisa muindasitiri,
- kune maindasitiri makuru emagetsi ezuva (CSP) anoisa chiedza nemagirazi kuti agadzire utsi uye atenderedze maturbine.
Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kushanda Kwesimba Rezuva
Kunyangwe chiedza chezuva chakawanda, simba rinobuda mumasora rinokonzerwa nezvinhu zvinotevera:
1. Kusimba kwemwaranzi yezuva
Kana chiedza chikanyanya kuwanda, simba rakawanda rinogona kugadzirwa. Simba racho rinokanganiswa nenzvimbo, mwaka, uye mamiriro ekunze.
2. Kona yepaneru uye kurongeka kwayo
Mapaneru ezuva anoshanda zvakanaka kana chiedza chezuva charova pamusoro chaipo. Saka, kutenderera uye kutarisa kwepaneru kunofanirwa kugadziriswa zvichienderana ne latitude yenzvimbo yacho.
3. Tembiricha yepaneru
Zvinofadza kuti, ma solar PV panels anowanzo shaya simba rakawanda kana tembiricha yakakwira zvakanyanya. Kufefetera uye daro kubva padenga zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza kupisa zvakanyanya.
4. Mimvuri nevhu
Mimvuri inobva pamiti, zvivako, kana maantenna inogona kuderedza simba rinobuda. Guruva netsvina zvinoderedzawo kupinda kwechiedza, zvichiita kuti mapaneru acheneswe nguva nenguva.
5. Hunhu hwezvikamu uye kuiswa
Ma inverter asina kunaka, tambo, zvinobatanidza uye dziviriro zvinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa nesimba uye njodzi dzekuchengetedza.
Zvakanakira uye Matambudziko eSimba rezuva
Simba rezuva rine zvakanakira zvakawanda: harina muripo, rinoburitsa utsi hushoma, haridi kugadziriswa zvakanyanya, uye rinogona kuiswa pazviyero zvidiki nezvikuru. Uyezve, mapaneru ezuva anogona kubatsira kuderedza kuvimba nemagetsi anobva kumafossil.
Zvisinei, kunewo matambudziko makuru, kunyanya nguva dzekushanda (kugadzirwa kunoenderana nemamiriro ekunze uye nguva dzekushanda masikati nehusiku) uye zvinodiwa munzvimbo yekuisa zvinhu zvakakura. Mhinduro dzakajairika dzinosanganisira kushandiswa kwemabhatiri, masisitimu ehybrid, uye kuvandudzwa kwekushanda zvakanaka kwemapaneru uye manejimendi esimba.
Penutup
Nheyo huru yesimba rezuva ndeyekubata mwaranzi yezuva uye kuishandura kuita simba rinoshanda, ingave magetsi kuburikidza ne photovoltaic effect kana kupisa kuburikidza ne thermal system . Nezvinhu zvakakodzera, dhizaini yakanaka, uye kugadziriswa kwakakwana, simba rezuva rinogona kuva mbiru yakakosha mukuchinja kune simba rakachena. Mune ramangwana, hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji, kudzikiswa kwemitengo, uye rutsigiro rwemitemo zvichawedzera kukurumidzisa kushandiswa kwesimba rezuva semhinduro yesimba rinogara kwenguva refu munharaunda.
