Chikonzero Nei Denga Rakaita Bhuruu
Denga rebhuruu chinhu chinoitika zuva nezuva chatinowanzo tora sechisina basa. Zvisinei, shure kwedenga iri rebhuruu rakanaka kune chiitiko chinoshamisa uye chakaoma kunzwisisa. Sei denga riri rebhuruu? Kuti tinzwisise chiitiko ichi, tinofanira kuongorora pfungwa huru dzefizikisi yemuchadenga, kupararira kwechiedza, uye kudyidzana kuripo pakati pezuva nemhepo yepasi redu.
Chiedza chezuva neRuvara rweSpectrum
Chiedza chezuva chinoita sechichena kumaziso edu, asi chaizvoizvo chine mavara akawanda anogona kuonekwa muchiedza. Chiedza ichi chine mavara emuraraungu: tsvuku, orenji, yero, girini, bhuruu, indigo, uye violet. Ruvara rwega rwega muchiedza chine urefu hwewavelength hwakasiyana, kubva pa700 nanometers patsvuku kusvika pa400 nanometers paruvara rweviolet.
Kana chiedza chezuva chikapinda mumhepo yepasi, chinosangana nemamorekuru madiki nezvidimbu zviri mumhepo. Chiitiko ichi ndicho chinoita kuti ruvara rwedenga ruchinje zvichienderana nenguva yezuva nemamiriro ezvinhu. Kupararira kweRayleigh ndiko kunokosha pakunzwisisa kuti sei denga richiwanzoita sebhuruu.
Kupararira kweRayleigh
Kupararira kweRayleigh chiitiko chekupararira kwechiedza nezvimedu zvidiki kupfuura kureba kwechiedza pachacho. Mhedzisiro iyi yakatumidzwa zita raBaron John William Strutt, anozivikanwa saLord Rayleigh, nyanzvi yefizikisi yeChirungu yakatanga kutsanangura chiitiko ichi mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19.
MuRayleigh scattering, simba rechiedza chakapararira rinoenderana nesimba rechina rewavelength yechiedza. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chiedza chine wavelength pfupi (senge bhuruu ne violet) chakapararira kupfuura chiedza chine wavelength refu (senge tsvuku neorenji).
Kunyangwe chiedza cheviolet chakapararira kupfuura chiedza chebhuruu, ziso remunhu rinonyanya kunzwa chiedza chebhuruu negirini. Ndosaka, kunyangwe paine chiedza chepepuru chakapararira mudenga, denga rinoita sebhuruu kwatiri.
Mhepo yePasi
Mhepo yepasi inoumbwa nemagasi akasiyana-siyana, anosanganisira nitrogen (inenge 78%) uye okisijeni (inenge 21%). Inewo argon, kabhoni dhayokisaidhi, neon, nemamwe magasi akati wandei muhuwandu hudiki. Zvidimbu izvi zvinoita basa mukupararira kwechiedza.
Kana chiedza chezuva chikapinda mumhepo, marefu mapfupi emwenje anopararira kumativi ese nemamorekuru egasi. Chiedza chebhuruu, chine marefu mapfupi emwenje, chinopararira zviri nani kupfuura chiedza chitsvuku, chine marefu marefu emwenje. Nokudaro, patinotarisa mudenga, tinoona denga rakapararira nechiedza chebhuruu kubva kumativi ese.
Zvisinei, kana zuva rava pamucheto, sepakubuda kwezuva kana pakunyura kwezuva, chiedza charo chinofanira kupfuura nepachikamu chakakora chemhepo. Chiedza chebhuruu chinopararira kumativi ese kare uye hachisviki kumaziso edu. Kusiyana neizvi, chiedza chine marefu ewavelength, akadai setsvuku neorenji, hachipararire zvakanyanya sechiedza chebhuruu uye chinosvika kumaziso edu, saka tinoona zuva seorenji kana dzvuku.
Kusvibiswa uye Mhedzisiro Yako Paruvara Rwedenga
Kuwedzera kune zvidimbu zvegasi zvinowanikwa mumhepo, tsvina dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogona kukanganisawo ruvara rwedenga. Zvinosvibisa zvakaita seutsi, guruva, uye zvidimbu zveaerosol zvinogona kukonzera kupararira kweMie, izvo zvakasiyana nekupararira kweRayleigh nekuti zvinosanganisira zvidimbu zvakafanana nehukuru hwewavelength yechiedza chakapararira.
Kupararira kwemvura hakutsigirwi zvakanyanya nehukuru hwemafungu, saka mavara ese akapararira zvakaenzana. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti denga riite sejena kana grey. Mumaguta ane huwandu hwakawanda hwekusvibiswa kwemhepo, tinowanzoona denga richiratidzika serisina kujeka uye risina bhuruu kupfuura munzvimbo dzekumaruwa dzakachena.
Pamusoro pezvo, kusvibiswa kwemhepo kunogonawo kukonzera zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita semvura ine acid uye utsi hwe photochemical, izvo zvinokanganisa kwete ruvara rwedenga chete asiwo hunhu hwemhepo uye hutano hwevanhu.
Kuchinja Kwemwaka uye Nzvimbo Yenzvimbo
Kuchinja kwemwaka kunokanganisawo ruvara rwedenga. Muzhizha, mhepo inowanzova yakachena uye yakaoma, zvichiita kuti kupararira kweRayleigh kushande zvakanaka uye denga riite sebhuruu rakajeka. Panguva imwe chete, munguva yemvura kana yechando, hunyoro hwakawanda nemakore zvinowanzovhara denga, zvichiita kuti riite serakasviba zvishoma kana kuti grey.
Nzvimbo yenzvimbo inokanganisawo ruvara rwedenga. Munzvimbo dzine mhepo ine simba nemhepo yakachena zvinowanzoita kuti denga rine mhepo ine mvura riite sebhuruu uye rakajeka. Kusiyana neizvi, munzvimbo dziri pedyo ne equator, denga rinogona kuita serichena kana kuti grey nekuda kwehunyoro hwakawanda uye makore anowanzo umbwa.
Mhedziso
Denga ratinoona zuva rega rega rinoita sebhuruu nekuda kwekupararira kweRayleigh, chiitiko chepanyama umo chiedza chine marefu mapfupi, akadai sebhuruu, chinopararira zvakanyanya nezvidimbu zvidiki zviri mumhepo. Maziso edu anonyanya kunzwa chiedza chebhuruu kupfuura chiedza cheviolet, saka denga rinoita sebhuruu kunyangwe chiedza cheviolet chakapararirawo zvakanyanya.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita sekusvibiswa kwemhepo, mwaka, nenzvimbo zvinoitawo basa mukusarudza ruvara rwedenga. Nekunzwisisa zviitiko izvi, tinogona kunzwisisa zviri nani runako rwezvisikwa rwunoratidzika kunge rwakareruka asi rwakaoma kunzwisisa.
Saka, kana ukatarisa denga rebhuruu pazuva rakajeka, yeuka kuti kune sainzi inonakidza iri shure kwerunako irworwo runoonekwa. Nyika yakazara nezvakavanzika, uye denga rebhuruu inongova chimwe chezvinhu zvakawanda zvakamirira kudzidzwa nekunzwisiswa.
