Cytoplasm: Chinthu Chofunika Kwambiri M'maselo
Mu kafukufuku wa zamoyo zamaselo, kumvetsetsa kapangidwe ka maselo ndi ntchito yake n'kofunika kwambiri. Chimodzi mwa zigawo zofunika kwambiri pa selo lililonse ndi cytoplasm. Cytoplasm ndi chinthu chomwe chili mkati mwa nembanemba ya selo, kupatulapo nucleus m'maselo a eukaryotic. Nkhaniyi ikufuna kufufuza cytoplasm, kuwonetsa ntchito zake ndi udindo wake pakugwira ntchito kwa maselo.
Tanthauzo la Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm ingatanthauzidwe ngati gawo la selo lozunguliridwa ndi nembanemba ya plasma komanso lozungulira nucleus. Cytoplasm ili ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana zofunika, monga organelles, cytosol, ndi ma inclusions a ma cell. Cytosol ndi madzimadzi a semi-fluid omwe amagwira ntchito ngati njira yopangira zochita za mankhwala komanso kunyamula mamolekyu mkati mwa selo. Ilinso ndi mapuloteni omwe amathandiza kagayidwe ka maselo.
Zigawo za Cytoplasmic
1. Cytosol: Iyi ndi gawo lamadzimadzi la cytoplasm, lopangidwa ndi madzi, mchere, ndi mamolekyu achilengedwe monga mapuloteni. Cytosol imagwira ntchito ngati njira yomwe ma organelles a maselo amamangiriridwa komanso komwe kumachitika zinthu zambiri zoyambitsa kagayidwe kachakudya.
2. Ma Organelles: Cytoplasm ilinso ndi ma organelles ofunikira, omwe chilichonse chili ndi ntchito yakeyake. Zina mwa izi ndi izi:
– Mitochondria: Yodziwika kuti ndi "malo amphamvu" a selo, mitochondria ndiyo imayambitsa kupanga ATP kudzera mu kupuma kwa maselo.
– Ma Ribosome: Amagwira ntchito popanga mapuloteni, ma ribosome amapezeka mwaulere mu cytoplasm kapena olumikizidwa ku endoplasmic reticulum.
– Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Ili ndi mitundu iwiri, rough ER ndi smooth ER. Rough ER imagwira ntchito popanga mapuloteni, pomwe smooth ER imagwirizana ndi kupanga mafuta ndi kuchotsa poizoni m'thupi.
– Golgi Apparatus: Imagwira ntchito yosintha, kulongedza, ndi kugawa mapuloteni ndi mafuta opangidwa ndi ER.
– Lysosomes: Ili ndi ma enzyme omwe amagaya zinthu zosafunikira kapena zowonongeka za maselo.
– Peroxisomes: Amagwira nawo ntchito zina zochotsa poizoni m'thupi ndi kuchotsa poizoni m'thupi.
3. Cytoskeleton: Dongosolo la ulusi wa mapuloteni lomwe limapereka mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka selo, komanso limathandiza kuyenda ndi mayendedwe amkati.
4. Zinthu Zophatikizidwa mu Cellular: Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosiyanasiyana, monga glycogen kapena lipid drops, zomwe zimasungidwa mu cytoplasm ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito malinga ndi zosowa za selo.
Ntchito za Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'maselo ndi ntchito zotsatirazi:
1. Malo omwe kagayidwe kachakudya kamachitika: Ma enzyme ambiri mu cytosol amathandizira machitidwe osiyanasiyana a biochemical monga glycolysis, yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri popereka mphamvu ku maselo.
2. Kusungira Mamolekyu: Cytoplasm imasunga mamolekyu osiyanasiyana ofunikira kuti maselo azigwira ntchito bwino, kuphatikizapo ma ayoni, mapuloteni, ndi michere.
3. Kuyenda kwa Maselo: Cytoplasm imapereka njira yoyendera zinthu mkati mwa selo kudzera mu kufalikira ndi kuyendayenda kwa ma vesicular.
4. Kulamulira pH ya Maselo: Cytoplasm imathandiza kusunga bwino acid-base mu selo mwa kuyambitsa zochitika zokhudzana ndi ma ayoni a hydrogen.
5. Kuyankha ku Chilengedwe: Cytoplasm imalola maselo kuyankha kusintha kwa chilengedwe mwa kuwongolera ntchito ya ma enzyme ndi mayendedwe a mamolekyu.
Udindo wa Cytoplasm mu Maselo a Eukaryotic ndi Prokaryotic
Cytoplasm imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'maselo a eukaryotic ndi prokaryotic, ngakhale kuti ntchito zina mwa izi zimasiyana pakati pa mitundu iwiri ya maselo.
– Maselo a Eukaryotic: Mu maselo a eukaryotic, cytoplasm imaphatikizapo cytosol, organelles, ndi cytoskeleton zomwe zimathandiza ndikuthandizira ntchito monga kupanga mapuloteni, kupanga mphamvu, ndi kuyenda kwa maselo.
– Maselo a Prokaryotic: Maselo a Prokaryotic, monga mabakiteriya, alibe nucleus kapena organelles omangidwa ndi nembanemba, kotero cytoplasm imagwira ntchito mwachindunji pa ntchito zonse za maselo. Njira monga kubwerezabwereza kwa DNA, kulemba, ndi kumasulira zimachitika mu cytoplasm.
Zotsatira za Zovuta mu Cytoplasm
Kusakhazikika kwa kapangidwe kake kapena ntchito ya cytoplasm kungayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kusakhazikika kwa ma ayoni ndi mamolekyu achilengedwe mu cytoplasm kungakhudze kusinthasintha kwa osmoregulation ndi kulumikizana kwa maselo, zomwe zingayambitse matenda monga khansa, matenda a shuga, ndi matenda a mitsempha.
Kafukufuku ndi Zatsopano Zokhudzana ndi Cytoplasm
Mu kafukufuku wa sayansi ya zamoyo, cytoplasm ndi cholinga chachikulu chopanga njira zosinthira majini ndi njira zochiritsira maselo. Mwachitsanzo, kuperekedwa kwa majini kapena mamolekyu ochiritsira kudzera mu jakisoni wa cytoplasm ndi malo abwino kwambiri pochiza matenda a majini ndi khansa.
Mapeto
Cytoplasm ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la maselo, lomwe limagwira ntchito zovuta komanso zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira kuthandizira zochita za biochemical mpaka kuthandizira kuyenda kwa maselo ndi chitetezo. Kumvetsetsa bwino cytoplasm sikuti ndikofunikira kokha pa sayansi ya maselo komanso kumakhudza kwambiri kafukufuku wazachipatala ndi sayansi ya zamoyo. Zomwe zikuchitika mtsogolo mu maphunziro a cytoplasm zikuyembekezeka kupereka chidziwitso chatsopano chowongolera ukadaulo wazaumoyo ndi chithandizo cha maselo.
