Njira Yosinthira Mpweya M'mapapo
Njira yopumira ya munthu ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yomwe imalola kusinthana kwa mpweya, komwe ndikofunikira kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo. Kwenikweni, kupuma ndi njira yotengera mpweya m'thupi kuchokera kunja kwa chilengedwe ndikuwutulutsa m'thupi. Kusinthana kwa mpweya kofunikira kwambiri kumachitika m'mapapo, ziwalo zomwe zimagwira ntchito yayikulu mu dongosolo lopumira.
Chimodzi mwa ntchito zazikulu za mapapo ndikuwongolera kusinthana kwa mpweya ndi carbon dioxide pakati pa magazi ndi mpweya. Izi zimachitika m'matumba ang'onoang'ono a mpweya omwe ali m'mapapo. M'nkhaniyi, tifufuza bwino momwe kusinthana kwa mpweya kumachitika m'mapapo, kuyambira mbali za thupi mpaka momwe izi zimayendera mkati mwa thupi.
Kapangidwe ka Mapapu ndi Kapangidwe kake
Mapapu ali m'chifuwa, otetezedwa ndi nthiti ndipo pansi pake pali diaphragm. Mapapuwa amagawidwa m'magawo awiri, mapapu akumanzere ndi mapapu akumanja, pomwe mapapu akumanja ali ndi matumba atatu ndipo mapapu akumanzere ali ndi matumba awiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtima ukhale ndi malo.
M'mapapo muli bronchi, yomwe imafalikira kukhala ma bronchioles ang'onoang'ono ndipo pamapeto pake imathera mu alveoli. Ma Alveoli ndi mapangidwe ofanana ndi mphesa okhala ndi malo akuluakulu kwambiri ndipo amazunguliridwa ndi mitsempha yopyapyala yamagazi. Kapangidwe kameneka kamalola kufalikira kwa mpweya.
Njira Yosinthira Magesi
Kupuma kumayamba pamene mpweya umapumidwa kudzera m'mphuno kapena pakamwa, umadutsa mu trachea, umalowa m'mapapo kudzera mu bronchi, ndipo pamapeto pake umafika ku alveoli. Mu alveoli, kusinthana kwa mpweya kumachitika kudzera mu kufalikira, komwe ndi kuyenda kwa mamolekyu kuchokera ku kuchuluka kwakukulu kupita ku kuchuluka kochepa.
Mpweya umene uli m'ma alveoli ndi wochuluka kuposa m'mitsempha yozungulira, yomwe imanyamula magazi okhala ndi carbon dioxide kuchokera m'thupi lonse. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mpweya umatuluka m'ma alveoli n'kupita m'magazi, pomwe mpweya woipa umatuluka m'magazi n'kupita m'ma alveoli kuti utuluke panthawi yopuma.
Udindo wa Hemoglobin ndi Kuyenda kwa Magazi
Mpweya umene umalowa m'magazi susungunuka mwachindunji mu plasma koma m'malo mwake umamangidwa ndi mamolekyu a hemoglobin omwe amapezeka m'maselo ofiira a magazi. Molekyu iliyonse ya hemoglobin imatha kumangirira mamolekyu anayi a mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya uzitha kuyenda bwino m'thupi lonse. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mpweya wa carbon dioxide umanyamulidwa m'njira zitatu: kusungunuka mu plasma, kulumikizidwa ku hemoglobin, kapena ngati bicarbonate.
Kenako mtima umapopa magazi okhala ndi mpweya wambiri m'thupi lonse kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pa kagayidwe ka maselo. Pambuyo potulutsa mpweya, magazi amabwerera m'mapapo, akunyamula mpweya wa carbon dioxide ndi zinyalala zina za kagayidwe ka thupi kuti zitulutsidwe.
Malamulo ndi Zinthu Zokhudza Kusinthana kwa Magesi
Kusinthana kwa mpweya m'mapapo kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zingapo, monga kuchuluka kwa mpweya, kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi makulidwe a makoma a alveolar ndi capillary. Zinthuzi zimatsimikizira kuti mpweya ndi carbon dioxide zimatha kufalikira bwino.
Kuphatikiza apo, thupi lili ndi njira yoyendetsera kupuma yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi malo opumira muubongo, makamaka medulla oblongata ndi pons. Malo opumira awa amayankha kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi carbon dioxide m'magazi mwa kulamulira liwiro ndi kuzama kwa kupuma.
Matenda ndi Matenda Okhudza Kusinthana kwa Magesi
Matenda angapo amatha kusokoneza kusinthana kwa mpweya m'mapapo, kuphatikizapo matenda osatha obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, mphumu, ndi pulmonary fibrosis. Matendawa amatha kukhudza mphamvu ya mapapu yofalitsa mpweya bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zizindikiro monga kupuma movutikira, kukhosomola, komanso kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya thupi.
Kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka alveoli kapena capillaries, monga kutupa kapena kukhuthala kwa khoma, kungalepheretsenso kusinthana kwa mpweya. Nthawi zina, njira zamankhwala monga chithandizo cha okosijeni, kugwiritsa ntchito bronchodilator, ndi kukonzanso mapapo kungakhale kofunikira kuti pakhale bwino ntchito yopuma.
Mapeto
Kusinthana kwa mpweya m'mapapo ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yomwe imalola mpweya kulowa m'thupi ndi kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide. Njirayi imadalira kapangidwe kake ka mapapo ndipo imathandizidwa ndi zinthu zakuthupi zomwe zimathandiza kuti mpweya ufalikire.
Kumvetsetsa bwino njira imeneyi kumapereka chidziwitso chofunikira pa ntchito ya kupuma, zinthu zomwe zingakhudze kupuma, komanso zotsatira zake pa thanzi la anthu, makamaka pankhani ya matenda opuma. Kusunga thanzi la mapapo ndi kuthana ndi mavuto opuma msanga ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale kusinthana kwa mpweya m'thupi moyenera komanso moyenera.
