Njira Yosinthira ndi Kutumiza Zinthu
Kusinthana ndi kunyamula zinthu ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la zamoyo lomwe limachitika m'thupi lililonse. Njirazi zimaphatikizapo njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimaonetsetsa kuti maselo ndi minofu zimalandira michere yofunikira ndikuchotsa zinyalala za kagayidwe kachakudya. Nkhaniyi ifufuza bwino momwe kusinthana ndi kunyamula zinthu kumachitikira pamlingo wa maselo ndi dongosolo mkati mwa zamoyo, komanso kufunika kwake pa thanzi ndi matenda.
Malingaliro Oyambira a Kusinthana kwa Mankhwala
Kusinthana kwa zinthu ndi njira yomwe zamoyo zimatengera zinthu zofunika kuchokera m'malo awo ndikutulutsa zosafunikira. Njirayi imaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mamolekyu, monga mpweya (mpweya ndi carbon dioxide), michere, ndi zinyalala. Pa mulingo wa maselo, kusinthana kwa zinthu kumachitika makamaka kudzera mu nembanemba ya maselo yomwe imatha kulowa mkati mwake.
Kufalikira ndi njira imodzi yoyambira yosinthira zinthu. Ndi njira yosasinthika yomwe mamolekyu amasuntha kuchoka kumadera omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kupita ku kuchuluka kochepa mpaka kufika pamlingo woyenera. Kufalikira sikufuna mphamvu ndipo nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono monga mpweya.
Osmosis ndi mtundu wapadera wa kufalikira komwe kumaphatikizapo kuyenda kwa mamolekyu amadzi kudzera mu nembanemba yomwe imatha kulowa mkati mwa maselo. Osmosis ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti madzi azikhala bwino mkati ndi kunja kwa maselo.
Kuyendera Kogwira Ntchito Komanso Kosachitapo Kanthu
Pankhani yoyendetsa zinthu, maselo amagwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zazikulu: mayendedwe osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi mayendedwe ogwira ntchito.
Kuyenda kwa chinthu chopanda mphamvu sikufuna mphamvu, ndipo mamolekyu amayenda motsatira kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe ali m'thupi. Kuwonjezera pa kufalikira ndi osmosis, kuyenda kwa chinthu chopanda mphamvu kumaphatikizaponso njira yotchedwa kufalikira kwa chinthu chopanda mphamvu, momwe mapuloteni a nembanemba amathandizira kuyenda kwa mamolekyu ena omwe sangadutse mosavuta kudzera mu lipid layer.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kayendedwe ka mphamvu kamafunika mphamvu, nthawi zambiri mu mawonekedwe a ATP, pamene mamolekyu amayenda motsutsana ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zawo. Zitsanzo za kayendedwe ka mphamvu kameneka ndi monga sodium-potassium pump, yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri pa ntchito ya mitsempha ndi minofu, kusunga mphamvu ya nembanemba ya maselo ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo.
Dongosolo Loyendera M'thupi la Munthu
Mu thupi la munthu, njira zazikulu zoyendetsera zinthu ndi kayendedwe ka magazi, kayendedwe ka lymphatic, ndi kayendedwe ka kupuma.
Dongosolo lozungulira magazi limanyamula mpweya, zakudya, mahomoni, ndi zinyalala kupita ndi kuchokera ku maselo m'thupi lonse. Mtima umapopa magazi kudzera m'mitsempha yamagazi, pomwe mitsempha imabwezera magazi kumtima. Ma capillaries, mitsempha yaying'ono kwambiri, ndi malo osinthirana mwachindunji pakati pa magazi ndi maselo.
Njira yopumira imayang'ana kwambiri pa kusinthana kwa mpweya. Mpweya umalowa m'thupi kudzera mu njira yopumira ndipo umafika m'maselo kudzera m'magazi. Pakupuma, mpweya wa carbon dioxide umapangidwa ngati zinyalala ndikutengedwa kupita ku mapapo kuti utulutsidwe.
Dongosolo la Lymphatic System ndi gawo la chitetezo chamthupi chathu, chomwe chimathandiza kunyamula madzi a lymph okhala ndi ma lymphocyte ndi zinyalala kuchokera ku minofu kupita ku magazi.
Malamulo ndi Mavuto a Kusinthana kwa Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo
Thupi la munthu lili ndi njira zoyendetsera kusinthana kwa zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumasungidwa kudzera mu ntchito yophatikizana ya insulin ndi glucagon kuti maselo alandire shuga wokwanira kuti apereke mphamvu, popanda kupangitsa kuti shuga m'magazi akhale wokwera kwambiri kapena wotsika kwambiri.
Kusokonezeka kwa kusinthana ndi kunyamula zinthu kungayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, matenda a m'mapapo monga mphumu ndi emphysema amalepheretsa kusinthana kwa mpweya, pomwe matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba ndi mtundu wachiwiri ndi zitsanzo za mavuto a kayendedwe ka shuga m'thupi.
Kusinthana kwa Zinthu mu Zomera
Mu zomera, kusinthana kwa zinthu kumachitanso gawo lofunika kwambiri, makamaka kudzera mu njira ya photosynthesis, kupuma, ndi kunyamula madzi ndi mchere.
Kupanga kwa photosynthesis ndi njira yomwe zomera, algae, ndi mabakiteriya ena amasinthira mphamvu ya kuwala kukhala mphamvu ya mankhwala. Mu zomera, photosynthesis imachitika mu ma chloroplast, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito carbon dioxide ndi madzi kupanga shuga ndi mpweya. Kusinthana kwa mpweya kumachitika kudzera mu stomata m'masamba.
Kuyenda kwa madzi ndi mchere mkati mwa zomera kumachitika kudzera mu xylem, pomwe phloem imanyamula zinthu za photosynthesis mu chomera chonse. Kutuluka kwa madzi kuchokera ku masamba a stomata, kumapangitsa kuti madzi aziyenda kuchokera kumizu kupita ku masamba.
Mapeto
Kusinthana ndi kunyamula zinthu ndi njira zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimathandiza kuti moyo upitirire. Gawo lililonse la kapangidwe ka zamoyo, kuyambira maselo amodzi mpaka ziwalo m'zinthu zovuta, zimadalira kusinthana bwino ndi kunyamula zinthu. Kumvetsetsa bwino njira zimenezi n'kofunika kwambiri pa zamankhwala ndi ulimi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti moyo ukhale wabwino komanso kuti mbewu zibereke bwino.
Pamene kafukufuku m'derali akupitiliza kupita patsogolo, njira zatsopano zothetsera mavuto okhudzana ndi kunyamula zinthu zomwe zingayambitse matenda, komanso kukonza kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinthu mu ulimi. Chidziwitsochi chimatithandiza kumvetsetsa bwino zodabwitsa za moyo ndipo chimatithandiza kupanga zinthu zatsopano mtsogolo.
