Sayansi

Zipangizo: Tanthauzo la kutentha, kutentha kopitilira muyeso, mphamvu ya kutentha

Kodi munamwapo tiyi wozizira, mkaka wozizira, madzi ozizira, ndi zina zotero? Chabwino, popanga tiyi wozizira, nthawi zambiri timasakaniza madzi otentha kapena ofunda mu galasi ndi ma cubes a ayezi. Madzi otentha kapena madzi ofunda amakhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu, pomwe ma cubes a ayezi amakhala ndi kutentha kochepa. Tikakhudza kwa kanthawi, chisakanizo cha ma cubes a ayezi ndi tiyi wotentha chimasanduka tiyi wozizira (chisakanizo cha ma cubes a ayezi ndi tiyi wofunda chafika kutentha komweko). Njira yomweyo imachitika tikasakaniza madzi otentha ndi madzi ozizira. Tikakhudza, madzi otentha ndi madzi ozizira amasanduka madzi ofunda (chisakanizo cha madzi otentha ndi madzi ozizira chafika kutentha komweko). N’chifukwa chiyani zinthuzi zimatha kufika kutentha komweko titakhudza?

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Zinthu zofunika pa tanthauzo la kutentha, malo oundana, malo otentha

Kodi munayamba mwakhudzapo ayezi? Mumamva bwanji dzanja lanu likakhudza ayezi kapena dzanja lanu likayikidwa mufiriji? Nanga bwanji ngati chomwe mwakhudza ndi moto? Mukakhudza ayezi, dzanja lanu limamva lozizira, mosiyana ndi pamene mwakhudza moto, dzanja lanu limamva lotentha. Kodi kutentha, kutentha, kuzizira, ndi kuzizira kumatanthauza chiyani kwenikweni?

Tanthauzo la Kutentha

Lingaliro la kutentha kwenikweni limachokera ku momwe kutentha ndi kuzizira zimachitikira chifukwa cha mphamvu zathu zogwira. Kutengera ndi zomwe mphamvu zathu zogwira zimazindikira, timati chinthu chimodzi ndi chotentha kwambiri kuposa china kapena chozizira kwambiri kuposa china. Zinthu zotentha kwambiri zimakhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu, pomwe zinthu zozizira kwambiri zimakhala ndi kutentha kochepa. Chinthu chikazizira kwambiri, kutentha kwake kumachepa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kutentha kwa chinthu chikatentha kwambiri, kutentha kwake kumakwera kwambiri. Suhu ndi muyeso wa momwe chinthu chilili chotentha kapena chozizira.

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Kumvetsetsa Kutentha ndi Kutentha

Suhu. Kukonzekera kutentha kapena kutentha Kwenikweni imayamba ndi kumva kutentha ndi kuzizira komwe kumaonekera chifukwa cha kumva kwathu kukhudza. Kutengera ndi momwe timamvera kukhudza, timati chinthu chimakhala chotentha kwambiri kuposa chinthu china kapena chinthu chimakhala chozizira kwambiri kuposa chinthu china. Zinthu zotentha zimakhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu pomwe zinthu zozizira zimakhala ndi kutentha kochepa. Chinthu chikazizira kwambiri, kutentha kwake kumachepa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, chinthu chikatentha kwambiri, kutentha kwake kumakwera kwambiri. Muyeso uwu wa kutentha kapena kuzizira kwa chinthu umatchedwa kutentha. Pankhani ya chiphunzitso cha kinetic cha mpweya chomwe chidzaphunziridwa mtsogolo mu giredi 11, mudzamvetsetsa bwino tanthauzo la kutentha; zomwe zimachitika ku mamolekyu omwe amapanga chinthu kuti chinthucho chimve chotentha, chofunda, chozizira, kapena chozizira.

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Tanthauzo la mayunitsi apadziko lonse lapansi

Dongosolo la Mayunitsi

Mwachitsanzo, ngati muyesa kutalika kwanu ndi kunena kuti ndi 100, zotsatira zake sizili ndi tanthauzo. Mofananamo, ngati muyesa kulemera kwa thupi lanu ndi kunena kuti ndi 20, zotsatira zake sizilinso ndi tanthauzo ndipo sizimveka kwa ena. Kupatula kunena nambala kapena chithunzi china, muyesowo uyeneranso kutsagana ndi unit. Ngati mukuti kutalika kwanu ndi ma fathom awiri, ndiye kuti 2 ndi nambala ya muyeso ndipo ma fathom ndi mayunitsi omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito. Anthu omwe amazolowera kugwiritsa ntchito ma fathom amamvetsetsa muyeso uwu. Kapena, ngati muyesa kutalika kwa tebulo lomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito mkalasi ndikunena kuti ndi ma span 5, zotsatira zake zimamveka kwa ena omwe agwiritsa ntchito ma span ngati unit.

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Machitidwe osiyanasiyana a mayunitsi

Tikhoza kusintha kapena kuchita kusintha kwa mayunitsi mu dongosolo linalake la mayunitsi kupita ku dongosolo lina la mayunitsi, mwachitsanzo kuchokera ku British System kupita ku Dongosolo Lapadziko Lonse kapena mosemphanitsa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati tiyesa kutalika kwa tebulo pogwiritsa ntchito ruler mu mainchesi (British System) ndipo tikufuna kufotokoza kutalika mu mamita (International System), tikhoza kusintha muyeso kuchokera ku mainchesi kupita ku mamita. Kusintha kumeneku kungachitike pogwiritsa ntchito conversion factor.

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Kuchuluka kochokera ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi komwe kumachokera ku chimodzi kapena zingapo ndalama yaikulu. Kupatula kuchuluka koyambira kasanu ndi kawiri, kuchuluka kwina kwa thupi kumaphatikizapo kuchuluka komwe kwachokera.

Mndandanda wa kuchuluka, ma formula ndi mayunitsiMalo amachokera ku kuchuluka kwa zinthu ziwiri: kutalika ndi m'lifupi. Volume imachokera ku kuchuluka kwa zinthu zitatu: kutalika, m'lifupi, ndi kutalika. Liwiro limachokera ku kuchuluka kwa zinthu chimodzi (mtunda) ndi kuchuluka kwa nthawi imodzi. Kuthamanga kumachokera ku kuchuluka kwa zinthu chimodzi (mtunda) ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu ziwiri. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu kumachokera ku kuchuluka kwa zinthu zitatu ndi kutalika. Mphamvu imachokera ku kuchuluka kwa zinthu chimodzi, kuchuluka kwa zinthu chimodzi, ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu ziwiri.

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Pengertian

Ndalama yaikulu merupakan kuchuluka kwa thupi komwe magawo ake ndi zatsimikiziridwa pasadakhale ndipo sizichokera ku kuchuluka kwina. Mu 1971, msonkhano waukulu wokhudza kulemera ndi miyeso unakhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zisanu ndi ziwiri monga kuchuluka koyambiraKuchuluka kwa zinthu zisanu ndi ziwiri (7) pamodzi ndi mayunitsi ndi miyeso yake kwawonetsedwa mu tebulo ili m'munsimu.

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Mafunso 2 a chitsanzo kukhazikika kwa thupi

1. F₁ = 10 N, F₂ = 15 N ndi F₄ = 10 N, ikugwira ntchito pa boloko la ABCD monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzichi. Kutalika kwa boloko la ABCD ndi mamita 20. Dziwani F₃ kotero kuti chipikacho chili mu static equilibrium. Musanyalanyaze kulemera kwa chipikacho.
Kukambirana:

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Zitsanzo 4 za Mavuto a Kusinthasintha kwa Madzi

1. Gawo limodzi la chitoliro lili ndi mainchesi 20 ndipo gawo lina lili ndi mainchesi 10. Ngati kuchuluka kwa madzi m'chitoliro chachikulu cha chitoliro ndi 30 cm/s, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa madzi m'chitoliro chaching'ono cha chitoliro ndi...
A. 80 cm/s
B. 100 cm/s
C. 120 cm/s
D. 130 cm/s
E. 140 cm/s
Kukambirana:

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