Mitundu ya Mabizinesi Omwe Ali ndi Chigawo: Kumvetsetsa Mitundu ndi Ntchito Zawo mu Chuma Cha Chigawo
Makampani Oyendetsedwa ndi Zigawo (BUMD) ndi mabungwe ofunikira kwambiri pa kayendetsedwe ka chuma cha Indonesia. Amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakulimbitsa chuma cha zigawo, kupereka ntchito za anthu, komanso nthawi zambiri kukhazikitsa mfundo zachikhalidwe za zigawo. M'nkhaniyi, tifufuza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma BUMD, ntchito zawo, ndi momwe amathandizira pa chuma cha m'deralo.
Kodi BUMD ndi chiyani?
Kampani Yoyendetsedwa ndi Zigawo (BUMD) ndi kampani yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi boma la chigawo ndi cholinga chokweza chuma cha chigawo, kupereka ntchito za anthu onse , komanso kupanga phindu. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa BUMD kumayendetsedwa ndi Lamulo Nambala 23 la 2014 lokhudza Boma la Zigawo, lomwe limapatsa mphamvu madera kukhazikitsa mabungwe amalonda othandizira chitukuko ndikupereka ntchito kwa anthu ammudzi.
Mitundu ya Mabizinesi Omwe Ali ndi Zigawo Zachigawo
Kawirikawiri, mabizinesi oyendetsedwa ndi madera (BUMD) amatha kugawidwa m'magulu angapo kutengera gawo lawo komanso zolinga zawo zogwirira ntchito. Nazi mitundu ina ya ma BUMD yomwe imapezeka kwambiri ku Indonesia:
1. Mabizinesi a Chigawo mu Gawo la Zachuma ndi Malonda
Mtundu uwu wa bizinesi yoyendetsedwa ndi madera (BUMD) umagwira ntchito yogulitsa ndi kugawa katundu. Cholinga chake ndi kuthandiza maboma am'deralo kuwongolera mitengo ya zinthu zofunika, kugawa zinthu zofunika, komanso kuthandizira mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati m'derali. Zitsanzo za mtundu uwu zikuphatikizapo makampani am'madera omwe amagwira ntchito m'misika yogulitsa kapena yogawa zinthu zofunika.
2. Mabizinesi Omwe Ali ndi Zigawo Zachigawo mu Ntchito ndi Zokopa alendo
Pofuna kuwonjezera ndalama zomwe amapeza m'madera osiyanasiyana ndikukopa alendo, maboma ambiri am'deralo akhazikitsa mabizinesi oyendetsedwa ndi madera osiyanasiyana (BUMD) omwe amagwira ntchito m'magawo a ntchito ndi zokopa alendo. Mabizinesi awa amatha kugwira ntchito m'makampani ochereza alendo, m'mapaki osangalalira, kapena kuyang'anira chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale ya m'deralo. Kupezeka kwa ma BUMD m'gawoli ndi njira yabwino yowonjezerera mwayi wokopa alendo ndikupanga ntchito kwa okhala m'deralo.
3. Mabizinesi Omwe Ali ndi Zigawo Zachigawo mu Gawo la Mphamvu ndi Zachilengedwe
Madera ena ali ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zambiri ndipo amakhazikitsa mabizinesi oyendetsedwa ndi madera (BUMD) kuti aziyang'anira. Mwachitsanzo, mu gawo la mphamvu, ma BUMD amatha kutenga nawo mbali popanga ndi kupereka magetsi, kuyang'anira mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso, komanso kufufuza mafuta ndi gasi . Izi cholinga chake ndi kuonetsetsa kuti zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe zikuwonjezera phindu la chigawochi ndikukhudza anthu ammudzi m'magawo ake.
4. Mabizinesi Omwe Ali ndi Zigawo Zachigawo mu Gawo la Zaumoyo ndi Maphunziro
Maboma am'deralo amathanso kukhazikitsa mabizinesi oyendetsedwa ndi madera (BUMD) m'magawo azaumoyo ndi maphunziro ndi cholinga chokweza moyo wa anthu ammudzi. Mwachitsanzo, mu gawo lazaumoyo, ma BUMD amatha kuyang'anira zipatala, zipatala, kapena ma laboratories omwe amayang'ana kwambiri ntchito za anthu onse . Mu gawo la maphunziro, ma BUMD amatha kutenga nawo mbali pakuyang'anira mabungwe ophunzitsa kapena mapulogalamu ophunzitsira ntchito kuti akonze luso la ogwira ntchito am'deralo.
5. Mabizinesi Omwe Ali ndi Zigawo Zachigawo mu Gawo la Zomangamanga
Makampani oyendetsedwa ndi madera (BUMD) m'gawoli nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi gawo pakukula ndi kuyang'anira zomangamanga zofunika monga mayendedwe, madzi akumwa, ndi ukhondo. Amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti madera ali ndi zomangamanga zokwanira zothandizira kukula kwachuma ndikukweza moyo wa anthu okhalamo. Mwachitsanzo, makampani am'madera amayang'anira ntchito zoyendera anthu onse kapena kukonza madzi akumwa.
Udindo wa BUMD mu Chuma Chachigawo
1. Kuwonjezeka kwa Ndalama za M'madera
Monga mabungwe omwe amagwira ntchito yopezera phindu, mabungwe a BUMD akhoza kukhala gwero lalikulu la ndalama ku maboma am'deralo. Phindu lomwe limapezeka lingagwiritsidwe ntchito pothandizira chitukuko, kukonza zomangamanga, komanso kulipira ndalama zothandizira mapulogalamu opindulitsa anthu ammudzi.
2. Kupanga Ntchito
Mwa kuyendetsa mabizinesi omwe ali m'madera osiyanasiyana (BUMDs) m'magawo osiyanasiyana, amapanga mwayi wantchito kwa anthu am'deralo. Ntchito zimenezi zimapangidwa osati kudzera mu ntchito zachindunji ku BUMDs zokha, komanso pogwiritsa ntchito mautumiki am'deralo komanso chitukuko cha mafakitale ena ofanana nawo.
3. Kulimbitsa Chuma Chakumaloko
Makampani Oyendetsedwa ndi Zigawo (BUMD) amagwiranso ntchito ngati njira yoti maboma am'deralo azilamulira ndikukhazikitsa chuma cha m'chigawo. Kudzera mu mfundo zomwe BUMDs imakhazikitsa, maboma am'deralo amatha kuonetsetsa kuti zosowa za anthu ammudzi zikukwaniritsidwa komanso mitengo ya zinthu ikuwongoleredwa.
4. Kukonza Zomangamanga
Mwa kuyang'anira mapulojekiti a zomangamanga, mabizinesi oyendetsedwa ndi madera (BUMD) amathandizira kukonza ubwino ndi kuchuluka kwa zomangamanga za madera. Zomangamanga zabwino ndi maziko ofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwachuma, kuthandizira kuyenda kwa katundu ndi ntchito, komanso kukonza ubwino wa anthu.
5. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zachilengedwe Mosalekeza
Makampani oyendetsedwa ndi madera (BUMD) m'gawo la mphamvu ndi zachilengedwe amaonetsetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe kumachitika moyenera. Ndi njira yodalirika, zinthu zachilengedwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazachuma popanda kuwononga chilengedwe.
Mavuto a Makampani Omwe Ali ndi Zigawo Zachigawo
Ngakhale kuti ili ndi gawo lofunika, BUMD imakumananso ndi mavuto angapo, kuphatikizapo:
- Kasamalidwe ndi Ukatswiri
Makampani oyendetsedwa ndi madera (BUMD) nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi mavuto oyang'anira chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ukatswiri ndi chidziwitso chaukadaulo. Izi zingayambitse kusagwira ntchito bwino komanso mpikisano wotsika poyerekeza ndi makampani achinsinsi.
- Kulowerera Ndale
Monga mabungwe a boma la m'madera, mabungwe a BUMD nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi ndale zomwe zingalepheretse ufulu wawo komanso magwiridwe antchito awo.
- Ndalama Zochepa ndi Ukadaulo
Mabungwe ambiri a BUMD amakumana ndi zopinga pankhani ya ndalama ndi mwayi wopeza ukadaulo wamakono, zomwe zimawalepheretsa kupanga zatsopano ndikukula.
Mapeto
Makampani Oyendetsedwa ndi Zigawo (BUMD) ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa chuma cha m'chigawo, lomwe limathandiza chitukuko cha chigawo ndikukwaniritsa zosowa za anthu ammudzi. Ngakhale akukumana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana, ndi kayendetsedwe kabwino komanso njira zoyenera, mabungwe a BUMD ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kothandizira kwambiri chuma cha dziko. Kuti akwaniritse izi, kudzipereka kwa onse ndikofunikira kuti athandizire kukhazikika ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino a Mabizinesi Oyendetsedwa ndi Zigawo awa.
