Chitsanzo cha Mafunso Okambirana a Transformer
Pendauluan
Transformer ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri mu dongosolo lamagetsi, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha mulingo wa magetsi. Chipangizochi n'chofunikira kwambiri pakutumiza ndi kugawa mphamvu zamagetsi, kuonetsetsa kuti zikuyenda bwino kuchokera ku malo opangira magetsi kupita kwa ogula. M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana zitsanzo zingapo za mavuto a transformer, zomwe zingathandize ophunzira kumvetsetsa mfundo zoyambira ndi momwe ma transformer amagwiritsidwira ntchito.
Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito ya Transformer
Mwachidule, transformer imakhala ndi ma waya awiri amagetsi, otchedwa ma windings oyambira ndi achiwiri, ozungulira pakati pa chitsulo chomwe chimapanga mphamvu ya maginito. Kuzungulira koyamba kumalandira mphamvu yolowera, pomwe kuzungulira kwachiwiri kumapanga mphamvu yotulutsa. Mphamvu yosinthira ikadutsa mu kuzunguliza koyamba, mphamvu ya maginito imapangidwa mozungulira coil, zomwe zimapangitsa mphamvu yoyambitsa mu kuzunguliza kwachiwiri. Chiŵerengero cha kuchuluka kwa ma turns pakati pa kuzunguliza koyamba ndi kwachiwiri chimatsimikizira chiŵerengero cha kusintha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi.
Fomula yoyambira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma transformer ndi iyi:
\[ \frac{V_p}{V_s} = \frac{N_p}{N_s} \]
kumene \( V_p \) ndi voteji pa coil yoyamba, \( V_s \) ndi voteji pa coil yachiwiri, \( N_p \) ndi chiwerengero cha ma turns pa coil yoyamba, ndipo \( N_s \) ndi chiwerengero cha ma turns pa coil yachiwiri.
Chitsanzo cha Funso 1
Funso:
Transformer imakhala ndi ma turn 500 pa primary winding ndi ma turn 100 pa secondary winding. Ngati input (primary) voltage ndi 220V, werengani output (secondary) voltage ya transformer.
Kukambirana:
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyambira ya transformer:
\[ \frac{V_p}{V_s} = \frac{N_p}{N_s} \]
Timalowa m'malo mwa mfundo zodziwika bwino:
\[ \frac{220}{V_s} = \frac{500}{100} \]
Kuchepetsa kufananiza kwa chiwerengero cha ma turn:
\[ \frac{220}{V_s} = 5 \]
Kuti tipeze \(V_s\), timadutsa kuchulukitsa:
\[ V_s = \frac{220}{5} \]
\[ V_s = 44V \]
Chifukwa chake, mphamvu yamagetsi yotulutsa (yachiwiri) ya transformer ndi 44V.
Chitsanzo cha Funso 2
Funso:
Transformer yokwera pamwamba ili ndi chiŵerengero cha kuzunguliza kwapakati pa 1:4. Ngati magetsi olowera ndi 110V, kodi magetsi otuluka pa kuzunguliza kwapakati ndi otani?
Kukambirana:
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyambira ya transformer:
\[ \frac{V_p}{V_s} = \frac{N_p}{N_s} \]
Zimadziwika kuti chiŵerengero cha kutembenuka koyamba ndi kwachiwiri ndi 1:4, zomwe zikutanthauza:
\[ \frac{N_p}{N_s} = \frac{1}{4} \]
Ndi \( V_p = 110V \):
\[ \frac{110}{V_s} = \frac{1}{4} \]
Kuti tipeze \(V_s\), timadutsa kuchulukitsa:
\[ V_s = 110 \nthawi 4 \]
\[ V_s = 440V \]
Kotero, mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu pa kugwedezeka kwachiwiri ndi 440V.
Chitsanzo cha Funso 3
Funso:
Transformer yotsika pansi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa magetsi kuchokera pa 240V kufika pa 24V. Ngati pali ma turn 600 pa coil yoyamba, ndi ma turn angati omwe ali pa coil yachiwiri?
Kukambirana:
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyambira ya transformer:
\[ \frac{V_p}{V_s} = \frac{N_p}{N_s} \]
Popeza \( V_p = 240V \), \( V_s = 24V \), ndi \( N_p = 600 \) ma turn:
\[ \frac{240}{24} = \frac{600}{N_s} \]
Kuchepetsa kufananiza kwa magetsi:
\[ 10 = \frac{600}{N_s} \]
Kuti tipeze \(N_s\), timadutsa kuchulukitsa:
\[ N_s = \frac{600}{10} \]
\[ N_s = 60 \]
Kotero, chiwerengero cha ma turns pa secondary winding ndi ma turns 60.
Chitsanzo cha Funso 4
Funso:
Transformer ili ndi voteji yolowera (yoyamba) ya 100V ndi voteji yotulutsa (yomaliza) ya 400V. Ngati mphamvu yamagetsi mu secondary winding ndi 2A, kodi mphamvu yamagetsi mu primary winding ndi yotani?
Kukambirana:
Tingagwiritse ntchito mfundo yosungira mphamvu mu transformer yoyenera, komwe mphamvu yolowera imakhala yofanana ndi mphamvu yotulutsa:
\[ P_p = P_s \]
\[ V_p \times I_p = V_s \times I_s \]
Ndi \( V_p = 100V \), \( V_s = 400V \), ndi \( I_s = 2A \):
\[ 100 \nthawi I_p = 400 \nthawi 2 \]
\[ 100 \nthawi I_p = 800 \]
Kuti tipeze \(I_p\), timagawa:
\[ I_p = \frac{800}{100} \]
\[ I_p = 8A \]
Kotero, mphamvu yamagetsi mu chozungulira chachikulu ndi 8A.
Chitsanzo cha Funso 5
Funso:
Transformer yokwera pang'onopang'ono imawonjezera mphamvu yamagetsi kuchokera pa 120V pa chozungulira chachikulu kufika pa 480V pa chozungulira chachiwiri. Ngati chiwerengero cha ma turns pa chozungulira chachikulu ndi 300, kodi pali ma turns angati pa chozungulira chachiwiri?
Kukambirana:
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyambira ya transformer:
\[ \frac{V_p}{V_s} = \frac{N_p}{N_s} \]
Popeza \( V_p = 120V \), \( V_s = 480V \), ndi \( N_p = 300 \) ma turn:
\[ \frac{120}{480} = \frac{300}{N_s} \]
Kuchepetsa kufananiza kwa magetsi:
\[ \frac{1}{4} = \frac{300}{N_s} \]
Kuti tipeze \(N_s\), timadutsa kuchulukitsa:
\[ N_s = 300 \nthawi 4 \]
\[ N_s = 1200 \]
Kotero, chiwerengero cha ma turns pa secondary winding ndi ma turns 1200.
Kutseka
Ma transformer ndi zida zofunika kwambiri m'makina amagetsi, zomwe zimasintha kuchuluka kwa magetsi kuti ziperekedwe bwino komanso kugawidwa bwino. Pomvetsetsa zitsanzo zomwe takambiranazi, tikuyembekeza kuti tiwongolere kumvetsetsa kwathu momwe transformer imagwirira ntchito komanso momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito mfundo zoyambira pakuwerengera zokhudzana ndi ma transformer. Kumvetsetsa kumeneku kudzatithandiza kumvetsetsa bwino zotsatira za kusintha kwa ma windings ndi magetsi pamakina amagetsi.
