Zitsanzo za Mafunso Okhudza Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mafunde a Magetsi
Mafunde amagetsi ndi chinthu chachilengedwe chomwe chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za moyo wamakono, kuyambira kulumikizana ndi kuzindikira kutali mpaka kugwiritsa ntchito zamankhwala. M'nkhaniyi, tifufuza mavuto osiyanasiyana a zitsanzo ndi zokambirana zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafunde amagetsi. Njira iyi ikuyembekezeka kuthandiza ophunzira kumvetsetsa momwe lingaliroli limagwiritsidwira ntchito m'dziko lenileni.
1. Zoyambira za Mafunde a Magetsi
Tisanalowe mu zitsanzo za mavutowa, tiyeni tiwone zomwe mafunde amagetsi ali. Mafunde amagetsi ndi oscillations a magetsi ndi maginito omwe amafalikira mumlengalenga. Mafunde awa safuna sing'anga kuti afalikire ndipo amatha kuyenda pa liwiro la kuwala mu vacuum (~299,792,458 m/s).
Sipekitiramu yamagetsi imaphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafunde kutengera kuchuluka kwawo, kuyambira mafunde otsika ngati mafunde a wailesi mpaka mafunde apamwamba ngati ma gamma rays. Nazi mitundu ina ya mafunde mu sipekitiramu yamagetsi, pamodzi ndi kutalika kwawo kwa mafunde:
– Mafunde a wailesi (λ > 1 m)
– Ma Microwaves (1 mm < λ < 1 m) - Macheza a infrared (700 nm < λ < 1 mm) - Kuwala kowoneka (400 nm < λ < 700 nm) - Kuwala kwa Ultraviolet (10 nm < λ < 400 nm) - X-ray (0.01 nm <m λ0 Gamma <m. 2. Zitsanzo za Mafunso ndi Kukambirana Funso 1: Funso la Kulankhulana pa wailesi: Siteshoni ya wailesi ya FM imawulutsa pa liwiro la 100 MHz. Werengerani kutalika kwa nthawi ya wailesi ya FM.
Kukambirana: Tingagwiritse ntchito equation yoyambira ya liwiro la mafunde a electromagnetic (c = λf), komwe: - c = liwiro la kuwala (~3 x 10^8 m/s) - λ = kutalika kwa mafunde (mu mamita) - f = kuchuluka kwa mafunde (mu Hertz) Kuti mupeze λ: λ = c / f = (3 x 10^8 m/s) / (100 x 10^6 Hz) = mamita 3 Chifukwa chake, kutalika kwa mafunde a wailesi ya FM pa pafupipafupi ya 100 MHz ndi mamita 3.
Funso 2: Kutentha Chakudya ndi Ma Microwave Funso: Uvuni wa microwave umagwira ntchito pafupipafupi ya 2.45 GHz. Werengerani kutalika kwa nthawi ya mafunde ndi kufotokoza momwe imatenthetsera chakudya.
Kukambirana: Choyamba, timawerengera kutalika kwa mafunde pogwiritsa ntchito equation yomweyi: λ = c / f = (3 x 10^8 m/s) / (2.45 x 10^9 Hz) = 0.122 metres kapena 12.2 cm Ma microwave pa kutalika kwa mafunde kumeneku amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma uvuni a microwave. Ma microwave amatenthetsa chakudya mwa kulowa kunja kwa chakudya ndikupangitsa kuti mamolekyu a madzi omwe ali mu chakudyacho agwedezeke. Kugwedezeka kumeneku kumabweretsa kutentha kudzera mu kukangana pakati pa mamolekyulu kotero kuti chakudya chimakhala chofunda.
Funso 3: X-ray mu Mankhwala Funso: X-ray ili ndi kutalika kwa mafunde pafupifupi 0.1 nm. Werengerani kuchuluka kwa ma X-ray awa ndikufotokozera momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito mu zamankhwala.
Kukambirana: Mafupipafupi amatha kuwerengedwa kuchokera ku equation: f = c / λ = (3 x 10^8 m/s) / (0.1 x 10^-9 m) = 3 x 10^18 Hz Ma X-ray ali ndi mafupipafupi apamwamba kwambiri komanso mphamvu zokwanira kulowa muzinthu zambiri. Mu zamankhwala, ma X-ray amagwiritsidwa ntchito kujambula zithunzi mu mawonekedwe a x-ray, zomwe zimathandiza madokotala kuona mafupa ndi minofu ina yamkati popanda kufunikira opaleshoni.
Funso 4: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Rays a Infrared Funso: Chowongolera chakutali cha wailesi yakanema chimagwiritsa ntchito ma rays a infrared okhala ndi kutalika kwa mafunde a 950 nm. Kuwerengera mafupipafupi a kuwala kwa infrared.
Kukambirana: Kugwiritsa ntchito equation yomweyi: f = c / λ = (3 x 10^8 m/s) / (950 x 10^-9 m) = 3.16 x 10^14 Hz Ma TV remote controls amagwiritsa ntchito infrared ray yomwe siioneka ndi maso a munthu kuti itumize zizindikiro ku TV. Akakanikiza batani lakutali, chipangizocho chimatumiza ma infrared pulses angapo omwe masensa pa wailesi yakanema amawamasulira ngati malamulo enieni, monga kusintha njira kapena voliyumu.
Funso 5: Chowunikira Chooneka Funso: Ngati kuwala kofiira kuli ndi kutalika kwa mafunde pafupifupi 700 nm ndipo kuwala kwabuluu kuli ndi kutalika kwa mafunde pafupifupi 450 nm, werengani kuchuluka kwa mtundu uliwonse wa kuwala.
Kukambirana: Kwa kuwala kofiira: f = c / λ = (3 x 10^8 m/s) / (700 x 10^-9 m) = 4.29 x 10^14 Hz Kwa kuwala kwa buluu: f = c / λ = (3 x 10^8 m/s) / (450 x 10^-9 m) = 6.67 x 10^14 Hz Kuwala kooneka kumakhala ndi mafunde osiyanasiyana, omwe amawoneka ngati mtundu wosiyana ndi diso la munthu. Kuwala kofiira ndi buluu ndi zitsanzo za malire a kutalika kwa mafunde a kuwala kooneka. Mafunde afupiafupi monga abuluu ali ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa mafunde aatali monga ofiira.
3. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mafunde a Magetsi Mafunde a Magetsi ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku: Kulankhulana Opanda Zingwe Machitidwe amakono olumikizirana monga WiFi, Bluetooth, ndi maukonde a m'manja amagwiritsa ntchito ma frequency osiyanasiyana a wailesi ndi maikulofoni potumiza uthenga popanda zingwe. Ukadaulo uliwonse uli ndi ma frequency enaake omwe amapangidwira kuchepetsa kusokoneza ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kulumikizana kuli bwino.
Zachipatala Kupatula ma X-ray, ma ultrasound ray amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pofufuza matenda, makamaka pofufuza matenda monga ultrasound. Chithandizo cha radiation pogwiritsa ntchito ma gamma rays kapena ma X-ray chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa, kuwononga maselo a khansa pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi zambiri.
Maukadaulo owunikira ndi kuwunikira kutali monga radar, LIDAR, ndi kuwunikira kutali amagwiritsa ntchito mafunde osiyanasiyana kuti azindikire zinthu ndikuyang'ana mtunda wautali. GPS imagwiritsa ntchito ma satellite omwe amatumiza mafunde a wailesi kuti adziwe komwe munthu ali nthawi iliyonse padziko lapansi.
Mafunde amagetsi ochokera kumadera osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zakuthambo pophunzira chilengedwe chonse. Ma telesikopu omwe amaona kutalika kwa mafunde monga wailesi, infrared, ndi gamma rays amavumbula chidziwitso chomwe sichingawonekere ndi ma telesikopu wamba.
Kutsiliza Kumvetsetsa mafunde amagetsi ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito kumafuna kumvetsetsa kofunikira momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe angagwiritsidwire ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Kudzera mu zitsanzo za mavuto ndi zokambirana zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi, tafufuza njira zina zoyambira zomwe zingayambitse chidwi pa nkhaniyi.
Mafunde amagetsi akupitilizabe kugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga zinthu zatsopano zaukadaulo ndi sayansi. Mwa kumvetsetsa mfundo zazikuluzikuluzi, tingathe kuzimvetsa bwino ndi kuzigwiritsa ntchito pa moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku komanso pa kafukufuku wa sayansi wozama.
