Zitsanzo za Mafunso Okhudza Magnetic Fields Ozungulira Waya Wowongoka
Pegantar
Ma magnetic field nthawi zonse akhala nkhani yosangalatsa mu fizikisi, makamaka pokambirana momwe amapangidwira komanso momwe amagwirizanirana ndi magetsi. Mbali imodzi yofunika kwambiri ya ma magnetic field ndi mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira waya wolunjika wonyamula magetsi. M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana za lingaliro loyambira la mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira waya wolunjika ndikupereka zitsanzo zingapo za mavuto ndi mayankho kuti timvetsetse bwino.
Chiphunzitso Choyambirira cha Magnetic Fields Pozungulira Mawaya Olunjika
Tisanafufuze bwino nkhaniyi, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kaye chiphunzitso choyambira cha mphamvu zamaginito kuzungulira waya wowongoka. Malinga ndi lamulo la Biot-Savart ndi lamulo la Ampère, mphamvu yamaginito kuzungulira waya wowongoka yokhala ndi magetsi imatha kufotokozedwa ndi equation:
\[ B = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2 \pi r} \]
Kumene,
– \( B \) ndi mphamvu ya maginito (Tesla),
– \( \mu_0 \) ndi vacuum permeability \( (4\pi \times 10^{-7} T \cdot m/A) \),
– \( I \) ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu waya (Ampere), ndipo
– \(r \) ndi mtunda wochokera pa waya kupita pamalo pomwe mphamvu ya maginito imayesedwa (mamita).
Mphamvu yamaginito iyi imapanga zozungulira zozungulira waya motsatira lamulo la dzanja lamanja. Ngati chala chachikulu chikusonyeza komwe mphamvu yamagetsi ikupita, ndiye kuti zala zomwe zikugwira wayayo zimasonyeza komwe mphamvu yamaginito ikupita.
Mafunso ndi Kukambirana Zitsanzo
Funso 1:
Waya wautali wowongoka umanyamula magetsi a 10 A. Werengani kukula kwa mphamvu ya maginito pamtunda wa mamita 0,2 kuchokera pa waya.
Kukambirana:
Timagwiritsa ntchito equation ya mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira waya wowongoka:
\[ B = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2 \pi r} \]
Ndizodziwika kuti:
\[ Ine = 10 \, A \]
\[r = 0,2 \, m \]
\[ \mu_0 = 4 \pi \nthawi 10^{-7} \, T \cdot m/A \]
Sinthani mfundo izi mu equation:
\[ B = \frac{4 \pi \nthawi 10^{-7} \nthawi 10}{2 \pi \nthawi 0,2} \]
\[ B = \frac{4 \pi \times 10^{-6}}{2 \pi \times 0,2} \]
\[ B = \frac{4 \times 10^{-6}}{0,2} \]
\[ B = 20 \nthawi 10^{-6} \]
\[ B = 2 \nthawi 10^{-5} \, T \]
\[ B = 20 \, \mu T \]
Kotero, kukula kwa mphamvu ya maginito pamtunda wa mamita 0,2 kuchokera pa waya ndi 20 μT (microTesla).
Funso 2:
Mawaya awiri ataliatali owongoka ali ndi mphamvu yofanana ya 5 A koma mbali zosiyana, ndipo mtunda pakati pawo ndi 0,1 mita. Werengani kukula kwa mphamvu ya maginito pamalo pakati pa mawaya awiriwa.
Kukambirana:
Pakati pa mawaya awiriwa, mtunda ndi \( r = 0,05 \, m \) kuchokera pa waya uliwonse. Choyamba timawerengera mphamvu ya maginito chifukwa cha waya umodzi.
Pa waya uliwonse:
\[ B_1 = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2 \pi r} \]
Ndizodziwika kuti:
\[ Ine = 5 \, A \]
\[r = 0,05 \, m \]
\[ \mu_0 = 4 \pi \nthawi 10^{-7} \, T \cdot m/A \]
Sinthani mfundo izi mu equation:
\[ B_1 = \frac{4 \pi \nthawi 10^{-7} \nthawi 5}{2 \pi \nthawi 0,05} \]
\[ B_1 = \frac{4 \pi \nthawi 10^{-7} \nthawi 5}{\pi \nthawi 0,1} \]
\[ B_1 = \frac{20 \pi \times 10^{-7}}{\pi \times 0,1} \]
\[ B_1 = \frac{20 \times 10^{-7}}{0,1} \]
\[ B_1 = 200 \nthawi 10^{-7} \]
\[ B_1 = 2 \nthawi 10^{-5} \, T \]
Popeza mawaya awiriwa amanyamula mafunde amagetsi mbali zosiyana, mphamvu ya maginito imasiyana pang'ono pamalopo. Mphamvu yonse ya maginito pamalopo ndi zero.
Funso 3:
Waya wautali wowongoka A umanyamula mphamvu ya 12 A ndipo umayikidwa motsatira waya wautali wowongoka B womwe umanyamula mphamvu ya 8 A mbali imodzi. Werengani mphamvu yonse ya maginito pamalo 0,15 metres kuchokera pa waya A ndi 0,1 metres kuchokera pa waya B.
Kukambirana:
Werengerani mphamvu ya maginito ya waya uliwonse pamalo amenewo.
Kwa waya A:
\[ B_A = \frac{\mu_0 I_A}{2 \pi r_A} \]
Ndizodziwika kuti:
\[ I_A = 12 \, A \]
\[r_A = 0,15 \, m \]
Kusintha mtengo:
\[ B_A = \frac{4 \pi \nthawi 10^{-7} \nthawi 12}{2 \pi \nthawi 0,15} \]
\[ B_A = \frac{48 \pi \times 10^{-7}}{\pi \times 0,3} \]
\[ B_A = \frac{48 \times 10^{-7}}{0,3} \]
\[ B_A = 160 \nthawi 10^{-7} \]
\[ B_A = 1,6 \nthawi 10^{-5} \, T \]
Kwa waya B:
\[ B_B = \frac{\mu_0 I_B}{2 \pi r_B} \]
Ndizodziwika kuti:
\[ I_B = 8 \, A \]
\[r_B = 0,1 \, m \]
Kusintha mtengo:
\[ B_B = \frac{4 \pi \nthawi 10^{-7} \nthawi 8}{2 \pi \nthawi 0,1} \]
\[ B_B = \frac{32 \pi \times 10^{-7}}{\pi \times 0,2} \]
\[ B_B = \frac{32 \times 10^{-7}}{0,2} \]
\[ B_B = 160 \nthawi 10^{-7} \]
\[ B_B = 1,6 \nthawi 10^{-5} \, T \]
Popeza mphamvu yamagetsi mu mawaya onse awiri imayenda mbali imodzi, ndipo mfundo zake zili pamtunda wosiyana kuchokera pa waya uliwonse, mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imachokera idzakhala mbali imodzi. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu yonse yamagetsi ndi chiwonkhetso cha mphamvu ziwirizi zamagetsi.
\[ B_{total} = B_A + B_B \]
\[ B_{total} = 1,6 \times 10^{-5} + 1,6 \times 10^{-5} \]
\[ B_{total} = 3,2 \nthawi 10^{-5} \, T \]
Kotero, mphamvu yonse ya maginito pamalopo ndi 32 μT (microTesla).
Mapeto
Kumvetsetsa lingaliro la mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira waya wowongoka ndikofunikira kwambiri pa fizikisi chifukwa ili ndi ntchito zambiri zothandiza. Pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo ndi zokambirana monga zomwe zili pamwambapa, titha kulimbikitsa lingaliro loyambira ndikukulitsa kumvetsetsa kwathu momwe mphamvu ya maginito imagwirira ntchito mozungulira waya wonyamula magetsi. Kumbukirani nthawi zonse, kusanthula nthawi zonse komanso kumvetsetsa malamulo oyambira ndikofunikira kwambiri pothetsa mavuto osiyanasiyana a fizikisi.
