Zitsanzo za Mafunso Okhudza Mafunde a Magetsi
Mafunde amagetsi ndi mafunde opangidwa ndi magetsi ndi maginito ozungulira omwe amafalikira kudzera mu vacuum pa liwiro la kuwala. Mafunde awa ndi ofunikira kwambiri pazochitika zosiyanasiyana za moyo, kuyambira kulumikizana mpaka thanzi. Kuti timvetse bwino lingaliro ili, tikambirana zitsanzo zingapo za mavuto okhudzana ndi mafunde amagetsi ndi mafotokozedwe awo.
Funso 1: Kuwerengera Kutalika kwa Mafunde
Mafunde amagetsi ali ndi ma frequency a 500 MHz. Dziwani kutalika kwake kwa mafunde!
Kukambirana:
Mafupipafupi (f) = 500 MHz = 500 x 10^6 Hz
Liwiro la kuwala (c) = 3 x 10^8 m/s
Kutalika kwa mafunde (λ) kungawerengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito fomula iyi:
\[ \lambda = \frac{c}{f} \]
Nazi tsatanetsatane wa mawerengedwe:
\[ \lambda = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}}{500 \times 10^6 \, \text{Hz}} \]
\[ \lambda = \frac{3 \times 10^8}{5 \times 10^8} \]
\[ \lambda = 0.6 \, \text{meter} \]
Kotero, kutalika kwa mafunde a electromagnetic ndi mamita 0.6.
Funso 2: Mphamvu ya Photon
Kodi mphamvu ya photon yomwe ili ndi ma frequency a 6 x 10^14 Hz ndi chiyani?
Kukambirana:
Mphamvu (E) ya photon ikhoza kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito fomula ya Planck:
\[ E = hf \]
Kumene:
– h ndi nthawi yosasinthika ya Planck = 6.626 x 10^-34 J·s
– f ndi mafupipafupi = 6 x 10^14 Hz
Kotero,
\[ E = (6.626 \nthawi 10^{-34} \, \malemba{J·s}) \nthawi (6 \nthawi 10^{14} \, \malemba{Hz}) \]
\[ E = 3.9756 \nthawi 10^{-19} \, \malemba{J} \]
Kotero, mphamvu ya photon ndi 3.9756 x 10^-19 joules.
Funso 3: Liwiro la Mafunde a Magetsi mu Medium
Ngati liwiro la kuwala mu vacuum ndi 3 x 10^8 m/s ndipo chizindikiro cha refractive cha medium ndi 1.5, kodi liwiro la kuwala mu medium imeneyo ndi lotani?
Kukambirana:
Liwiro la kuwala mu sing'anga (v) likhoza kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito refractive index (n):
\[ n = \frac{c}{v} \]
Kumene:
– c ndi liwiro la kuwala mu vacuum = 3 x 10^8 m/s
– n ndi chizindikiro cha refractive = 1.5
Kuwerengera v:
\[ v = \frac{c}{n} \]
\[ v = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}}{1.5} \]
\[ v = 2 \nthawi 10^8 \, \malemba{m/s} \]
Kotero, liwiro la kuwala mu chipangizochi ndi 2 x 10^8 mamita pa sekondi.
Funso 4: Mafunde a Magetsi pa Mafunde a Radio
Siteshoni ya wailesi X imawulutsa pa ma frequency a 100 MHz. Kodi kutalika kwa mafunde a chizindikirocho ndi kotani?
Kukambirana:
Mafupipafupi (f) = 100 MHz = 100 x 10^6 Hz
Liwiro la kuwala (c) = 3 x 10^8 m/s
Kutalika kwa mafunde (λ) kungawerengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito fomula iyi:
\[ \lambda = \frac{c}{f} \]
Kotero,
\[ \lambda = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}}{100 \times 10^6 \, \text{Hz}} \]
\[ \lambda = \frac{3 \times 10^8}{1 \times 10^8} \]
\[ \lambda = 3 \, \text{meter} \]
Kotero, kutalika kwa chizindikiro cha wailesi ndi mamita atatu.
Funso 5: Mphamvu Yolandiridwa ndi Antena
Antena imalandira chizindikiro cha mafunde amagetsi chokhala ndi mphamvu ya 0.1 W pa frequency ya 2.4 GHz. Kodi antena imalandira ma photoni angati pa sekondi?
Kukambirana:
Mphamvu (P) = 0.1 W = 0.1 J/s
Mafupipafupi (f) = 2.4 GHz = 2.4 x 10^9 Hz
Mphamvu ya photon imodzi (E) ikhoza kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito fomula iyi:
\[ E = hf \]
\[ E = (6.626 \nthawi 10^{-34} \, \malemba{J·s}) \nthawi (2.4 \nthawi 10^9 \, \malemba{Hz}) \]
\[ E = 1.59024 \nthawi 10^{-24} \, \malemba{J} \]
Chiwerengero cha ma photoni pa sekondi (N) chikhoza kuwerengedwa pogawa mphamvu ndi mphamvu pa photoni iliyonse:
\[ N = \frac{P}{E} \]
\[ N = \frac{0.1 \, \text{J/s}}{1.59024 \times 10^{-24} \, \text{J}} \]
\[ N = 6.29 \nthawi 10^{22} \, \malemba{photons/s} \]
Kotero, antenna imalandira pafupifupi ma photon 6.29 x 10^22 pa sekondi.
Mapeto
Nkhani yokhudza mafunde amagetsi ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndipo ikufotokoza zinthu zambiri, kuyambira kuwerengera kutalika kwa mafunde, mphamvu ya photon, mpaka liwiro la mafunde mu sing'anga. Zitsanzo za mavuto ndi mafotokozedwe awo pamwambapa zikuyembekezeka kukuthandizani kumvetsetsa bwino lingaliro la mafunde amagetsi ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi ndi yothandiza ndipo ikukulitsa kumvetsetsa kwa owerenga za mafunde amagetsi.
