Zitsanzo za Mafunso Okhudza Utumiki wa Phokoso
Kufalitsa mawu ndi chinthu chachilengedwe chomwe chimachitika pamene mafunde awiri a phokoso ofanana pafupifupi amaphatikizana. Chinthuchi chimayambitsa kusintha kwa nthawi ndi nthawi kwa kuchuluka kwa mawu omwe amachokera, omwe amamveka ngati njira yokwera ndi kutsika yotchedwa "floating" kapena "beating." Chinthuchi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kukonza zida za nyimbo ndi uinjiniya wama audio. Nkhaniyi ikambirana za lingaliro la kufalitsa mawu ndikupereka zitsanzo zingapo za mavuto kuti zikuthandizeni kumvetsetsa bwino nkhaniyi.
Chiphunzitso Choyambira cha Utumiki wa Phokoso
Pamene mafunde awiri a phokoso okhala ndi ma frequency f1 ndi f2 aphatikizidwa, phokoso lomwe likubwera lidzakhala ndi ma frequency ndi amplitude apakati omwe amasiyana pa ma frequency ofanana ndi kusiyana pakati pa ma frequency awiri oyambirira. Mwanjira ina, ma frequency fb amatha kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito fomula iyi:
\[ f_b = |f_1 – f_2| \]
Kugwedezeka kumeneku kumamveka ngati kusinthasintha kwa voliyumu ya mawu, ndipo chodabwitsachi chingafotokozedwe mu equation ya masamu yomwe imafotokoza momwe mafunde awiri a sinusoidal amagwirira ntchito. Tiyerekeze kuti mafunde awiriwa afotokozedwa motere:
\[ y_1(t) = A \sin(2\pi f_1 t) \]
\[ y_2(t) = A \sin(2\pi f_2 t) \]
Kotero, zotsatira zonse za mafunde awiriwa ndi izi:
\[ y(t) = y_1(t) + y_2(t) = A \sin(2\pi f_1 t) + A \sin(2\pi f_2 t) \]
Pogwiritsa ntchito chizindikiritso cha trigonometric cha kuchuluka kwa ma sine, equation iyi ikhoza kulembedwanso motere:
\[ y(t) = 2A \cos\left(2\pi \frac{f_1 + f_2}{2} t\right) \sin\left(2\pi \frac{f_1 – f_2}{2} t\right) \]
Kuchokera ku equation yomwe ili pamwambapa, zitha kuwoneka kuti kuchuluka kwa kusinthasintha kumatsimikiziridwa ndi sine ya pafupipafupi ya mafunde.
Zitsanzo za Mafunso Okhudza Utumiki wa Phokoso
Kuti timvetse bwino za kutumiza mawu, tiyeni tiyese zitsanzo zotsatirazi za mafunso awa:
Chitsanzo cha Funso 1:
Mafoloko awiri osinthira mawu amamveka nthawi imodzi. Foloko yoyamba yosinthira mawu imakhala ndi ma frequency a 256 Hz, ndipo foloko yachiwiri yosinthira mawu imakhala ndi ma frequency a 260 Hz. Kodi ma frequency a mawu omveka ndi otani?
Yankho:
Kuchuluka kwa ntchito kumatha kuwerengedwa ndi:
\[ f_b = |f_1 – f_2| = |260 \, \malemba{Hz} – 256 \, \malemba{Hz}| = 4 \, \malemba{Hz} \]
Chifukwa chake, ma frequency omveka ndi 4 Hz.
Chitsanzo cha Funso 2:
Woimba nyimbo amamva phokoso lomwe limagwedezeka kasanu pa sekondi iliyonse akayerekeza phokoso la zingwe ziwiri za gitala. Ngati chingwe chimodzi chikugwedezeka pa 440 Hz, dziwani kuchuluka kwa zingwe zinazo.
Yankho:
Popeza kugwedezeka kumachitika kasanu pa sekondi, kuchuluka kwa kugwedezeka ndi 5 Hz. Izi zikutanthauza:
\[ |f_1 – f_2| = 5 \, \malemba{Hz} \]
Ngati ma frequency amodzi ndi 440 Hz, ma frequency ena akhoza kukhala:
\[ f_2 = 440 \, \malemba{Hz} + 5 \, \malemba{Hz} = 445 \, \malemba{Hz} \]
kapena
\[ f_2 = 440 \, \malemba{Hz} – 5 \, \malemba{Hz} = 435 \, \malemba{Hz} \]
Kotero, ma frequency omwe angakhalepo a chingwe china ndi 435 Hz kapena 445 Hz.
Chitsanzo cha Funso 3:
Ma spika awiri amatulutsa mawu pamafupipafupi osiyana pang'ono. Ngati mafupipafupi a wokamba woyamba ndi 512 Hz ndipo munthu akumva phokoso pamafupipafupi a 2 Hz, dziwani mafupipafupi awiri omwe angakhalepo a wokamba wachiwiri.
Yankho:
Popeza anthu amamva mawu okhala ndi ma frequency a 2 Hz, zikutanthauza:
\[ |f_1 – f_2| = 2 \, \malemba{Hz} \]
Ngati ma frequency a wokamba woyamba ndi 512 Hz, ndiye kuti ma frequency a wokamba wachiwiri akhoza kukhala:
\[ f_2 = 512 \, \malemba{Hz} + 2 \, \malemba{Hz} = 514 \, \malemba{Hz} \]
kapena
\[ f_2 = 512 \, \malemba{Hz} – 2 \, \malemba{Hz} = 510 \, \malemba{Hz} \]
Chifukwa chake, ma frequency awiri omwe angakhalepo a wokamba wachiwiri ndi 510 Hz kapena 514 Hz.
Pulogalamu Yothandizira Kumveka
Utumiki wa mawu si wamaphunziro okha; m'machitidwe, umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana:
1. Kukonza Zida Zanyimbo: Mu nyimbo, kukonza kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza zida. Mwachitsanzo, pamene manotsi awiri ofanana akuseweredwa pamodzi, woyimbayo amamvetsera kukonza ndikusintha chimodzi mwa zidazo mpaka kukonza kutatha, kusonyeza kuti ziwirizi tsopano zikugwirizana.
2. Uinjiniya wa Ma Audio: Pojambula ndi kupanga mawu, nthawi zina ma overlay amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawu enaake. Ma overlay ofanana amatha kuwonjezera kapangidwe ndi kuzama kwa nyimbo yamawu.
3. Kuzindikira Ukadaulo: Zida zina zowunikira mawu mu uinjiniya wamakina kapena zamagetsi zimagwiritsa ntchito mawu kuti zizindikire zolakwika kapena zolakwika mumakina ozungulira kapena ogwedezeka mwa kuzindikira kusiyana kwa mawu a makina.
Mapeto
Kumvetsetsa kuyenda kwa mawu ndikofunikira kwambiri pa chiphunzitso komanso m'njira yogwira ntchito. Mwa kufufuza mozama lingaliro ili kudzera mu zitsanzo ndi ntchito zenizeni, titha kuwona momwe kuyenda sikuli chinthu chochititsa chidwi chokha komanso chida chothandiza m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Kuphunzira kudzera mu kuyenda kwa mawu kumatsegula chitseko chowonjezera luso pakusintha zida za nyimbo, njira zojambulira mawu, ndi ukadaulo wina wosiyanasiyana wozindikira.
