Zitsanzo 8 za Mafunso Okhudza Kachilombo ka Maso
1. Njira ya kuwala yomwe imasonyeza kupangidwa kwa chithunzi pogwiritsa ntchito lenzi ya diso la munthu wodwala matenda a myopic ikuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi...
Zokambirana
Kuona pafupi, kapena myopia, ndi matenda a maso omwe diso silingathe kuona zinthu zakutali bwino. Malo akutali ndi mtunda wautali kwambiri womwe diso labwinobwino lingathe kuwona bwino. Munthu wamba wokhala ndi maso abwinobwino amakhala ndi malo akutali kwambiri.
Chifukwa cha kusawona bwino ndi dongosolo la cornea-lens lopindika kwambiri (gawo lopingasa la diso ndi lalitali kwambiri) kotero kuti kutalika kwa focal system ya cornea-lens kumachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuwala kochokera kutali kukhale patsogolo pa retina. Kuwala kopanda malire sikumayang'ana pa retina kotero kuti maselo amitsempha mu retina sangathe kusintha mafunde a kuwala kukhala zizindikiro zamagetsi kuti atumizidwe ku ubongo.
Yankho lolondola ndi A.
2. Ani ali ndi vuto la maso lotchedwa hyperopia (chilema cha maso). Vutoli la maso limayamba chifukwa cha...
A. Mbali yakutali ya diso imayandikira kwambiri diso
B. Mbali yakutali ya diso imasuntha kuchoka pa diso
C. Malo oyandikira a diso amayandikira kwambiri diso.
D. malo oyandikira a diso amasuntha kuchoka pa diso
Zokambirana
Kuona patali , kapena hyperopia, ndi matenda a maso omwe diso silingathe kuwona bwino malo apafupi kapena malo apafupi amaoneka osawoneka bwino. Malo apafupi ndi mtunda wapafupi kwambiri womwe diso labwinobwino limatha kuwona bwino. Munthu wamba wokhala ndi maso abwinobwino amakhala ndi malo okwana masentimita 25. Anthu omwe ali ndi maso akutali amatha kuona bwino malo akutali, kotero tinganene kuti mu hyperopia , malo apafupi a diso amasunthidwa kutali ndi diso.
Yankho lolondola ndi D.
3. Yang'anani chithunzicho!
Ndi mitundu iti ya zilema ndi magalasi a maso omwe angathandize odwala ndi magalasi awa?
A. Kuona patali ndi mandala ozungulira
B. Kuwona pafupi ndi magalasi ozungulira
C. Kuwona pafupi ndi magalasi ozungulira
D. Kuona pafupi ndi magalasi ozungulira
Zokambirana
Zilema za maso zomwe zili pachithunzi pamwambapa ndi izi kuwona pafupi kapena myopia, semomwe chithunzi cha njira ya ray chikuwonetsedwa pachithunzi chomwe chili pambali.
Kuona pafupi ndi vuto la maso lomwe zinthu zakutali zimaoneka ngati sizikuoneka bwino. Malo akutali ndi mtunda wautali kwambiri womwe diso labwinobwino lingathe kuwona bwino. Munthu wamba amene ali ndi maso abwinobwino amakhala ndi malo akutali kwambiri.
Chifukwa cha kusawona bwino ndi dongosolo la cornea-lens lopindika kwambiri (gawo lopingasa la diso ndi lalitali kwambiri) kotero kuti kutalika kwa focal system ya cornea-lens kumachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuwala kochokera kutali kukhale patsogolo pa retina. Kuwala sikumayang'ana pa retina kotero kuti maselo amitsempha mu retina sangasinthe njira ya kuwala. 
Mafunde owala awa amakhala zizindikiro zamagetsi zomwe zimatumizidwa ku ubongo.
Kuwala kumatha kuyang'ana bwino pa retina pamene lenzi yokhotakhota yaikidwa patsogolo pa diso. Lenzi yosiyana imathandiza kufalitsa kuwala kuti kukhale kolunjika bwino pa retina.
Yankho lolondola ndi B.
4. Chithunzi cholondola cha mawonekedwe a myopic disease chikuwoneka pachithunzichi...
Zokambirana
Kuona pafupi kapena myopia ndi matenda a maso omwe amachititsa kuti diso lisaone bwino zinthu zomwe zili patali.
Chifukwa cha kusawona bwino ndi dongosolo la cornea-lens lopindika kwambiri (gawo lopingasa la diso ndi lalitali kwambiri) kotero kuti kutalika kwa focal system ya cornea-lens kumachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuwala kochokera kutali kukhale patsogolo pa retina. Kuwala kopanda malire sikumayang'ana pa retina kotero kuti maselo amitsempha mu retina sangathe kusintha mafunde a kuwala kukhala zizindikiro zamagetsi kuti atumizidwe ku ubongo.
Yankho lolondola ndi A.
5. Ngati wina ali ndi vuto la maso lomwe lili pafupi ndi 50 cm, ndipo akufuna kuwerenga pa mtunda wabwinobwino (25 cm), munthuyo ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito magalasi okhala ndi mphamvu ya lenzi ya….
A. ½ dioptara
B. ¾ diopters
C. 1 ½ diopters
D. 2 diopters
Zokambirana
Munthuyo amaona patali chifukwa malo apafupi a diso lake ndi 50 cm. Malo apafupi a diso labwinobwino ndi 25 cm. Kuona patali kumakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito magalasi ozungulira. Magalasi ozungulira ali ndi kutalika koyenera. Ngakhale magalasiwo ali patali pang'ono ndi diso, izi sizikuganiziridwa mu kuwerengera uku.
Amadziwika kuti:
Munthu amene ali ndi vuto la maso pafupi ndi malo ake = mtunda wa chithunzi (s') = -50 cm
Chithunzicho chiyenera kukhala patsogolo pa lenzi yozungulira kuti chiwonekere. Chifukwa chithunzicho chili patsogolo pa lenzi yozungulira, chithunzicho ndi cha pa intaneti ndipo chili ndi chizindikiro choyipa.
Mtunda wowerengera wamba = mtunda wa chinthu = 25 cm
Yafunsidwa: Mphamvu ya magalasi a maso
Yankho:
Kutalika kwa lenzi yozungulira (f):
1/f = 1/s + 1/s'
1/f = 1/25 – 1/50 = 2/50 – 1/50
1/f = 1/50
f = 50 cm
f = mamita 0,5 = mamita 5/10 = mamita 1/2
Utali wa lenzi yozungulira ndi wabwino chifukwa kuwala kumadutsa pamalo ozungulira a lenzi yozungulira.
Mphamvu ya lenzi yozungulira (P) ya magalasi:
P = 1 /f = 1 : f
P = 1 : 1/2
P = 1 x 2/1
P = 2/1
P = 2 diopters
Mphamvu ya lenzi yozungulira ya magalasi ndi 2 diopters.
Mphamvu ya lenzi yozungulira ya magalasi ndi yabwino chifukwa kutalika kwa lenzi yozungulira ndi kwabwino.
Yankho lolondola ndi D.
6. Munthu amene ali ndi vuto la hyperopia amatha kuwerenga buku pa mtunda wa masentimita 125. Kuti athe kuwerenga pa mtunda wabwinobwino wa masentimita 25, munthuyo ayenera kuvala magalasi okhala ndi mphamvu ya lenzi ya….
A. 3 1/5 diopters
B. 2 ½ diopters
C. 1 3/5 diopters
D. 1 ¼ diopters
Zokambirana
Munthuyo amaona patali chifukwa malo apafupi a diso lake ndi 125 cm. Malo apafupi a diso labwinobwino ndi 25 cm. Kuona patali kumakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito magalasi ozungulira.
Amadziwika kuti:
Munthu amene ali ndi vuto la maso pafupi ndi malo ake = mtunda wa chithunzi (s') = -125 cm
Chithunzicho chiyenera kukhala patsogolo pa lenzi yozungulira kuti chiwonekere. Chifukwa chithunzicho chili patsogolo pa lenzi yozungulira, chithunzicho ndi cha pa intaneti ndipo chili ndi chizindikiro choyipa.
Mtunda wowerengera wamba = mtunda wa chinthu = 25 cm
Yafunsidwa: Mphamvu ya magalasi a maso
Yankho:
Kutalika kwa lenzi yozungulira (f):
1/f = 1/s + 1/s'
1/f = 1/25 – 1/125
1/f = 5/125 – 1/125
1/f = 4/125
f = 125/4
f = 31,25 cm
f = mamita 0,3125
Mphamvu ya lenzi yozungulira (P) ya magalasi:
P = 1/f
P = 1/0,3125
P = 3,2 diopters
P = (3)(2/10) diopta
P = (3)(1/5) diopta
Mphamvu ya lenzi yozungulira ya magalasi ndi 3,2 diopters = 3 1/5 diopters.
Yankho lolondola ndi A.
7. Munthu amatha kuwerenga bwino pa mtunda wa masentimita 50. Kuti athe kuwerenga bwino pa mtunda wa masentimita 30, mphamvu ya magalasi a maso ofunikira ndi….
A. 1/3 diopta
B. 2/3 diopters
C. ¾ diopters
D. 4/3 diopters
Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Munthu amene ali ndi vuto la maso pafupi ndi malo ake = mtunda wa chithunzi (s') = -50 cm
Chithunzicho chiyenera kukhala patsogolo pa lenzi yozungulira kuti chiwonekere. Chifukwa chithunzicho chili patsogolo pa lenzi yozungulira, chithunzicho ndi cha pa intaneti ndipo chili ndi chizindikiro choyipa.
Kuwerenga mtunda = mtunda wa chinthu = 30 cm
Yafunsidwa: Mphamvu ya magalasi a maso
Yankho:
Kutalika kwa lenzi yozungulira (f):
1/f = 1/s + 1/s'
1/f = 1/30 – 1/50 = 5/150 – 3/150
1/f = 2/150
f = 150/2
f = 75 cm
f = mamita 0,75 = mamita 75/100 = mamita 3/4
Mphamvu ya lenzi yozungulira (P) ya magalasi:
P = 1 /f = 1 : f
P = 1 : 3/4
P = 1 x 4/3
P = 4/3 diopters
Mphamvu ya lenzi yozungulira ya magalasi ndi 4/3 diopters.
Yankho lolondola ndi D.
8. Yang'anani chithunzi chotsatira cha kupangika kwa mthunzi m'diso!
Vuto la maso ndi magalasi a magalasi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonetsetsa kuti chithunzi chili bwino pa retina ndi….
Zokambirana
Zofooka za maso: kusawona bwino (myopia )
Kuwala kumatha kuyang'ana bwino pa retina ngati lenzi yopindika kapena yopingasa yayikidwa patsogolo pa diso. Lenzi yopingasa imathandiza kufalitsa kuwala kuti kukhale kolunjika bwino pa retina.
Yankho lolondola ndi C.
Gwero la funso:
Mafunso a Mayeso a Sayansi ya Sukulu ya Sekondale/Chisilamu cha Sukulu ya Sekondale
