Te mahi irahiko – ngā raruraru me ngā otinga
1. E ai ki te pikitia i raro nei, ko te ngohe irahiko i muri i te pirau mō ngā haora 13.86 ko …
Mōhiotia:
Te haurua-ora (T 1/2 ) = 6.93 hāora
Te wā-whakawhiti (t) = 13.86 hāora
E hiahiatia ana: te mahi irahiko
Rongoā:
A = te ngohe irahiko , λ = te pūmau pirau, N t = Te maha o ngā ngota irahiko i muri i te pirau i roto i tētahi wā kua whakaritea , T 1/2 = te haurua-ora
Te pūmau pirau:
Te maha o ngā ngota irahiko i muri i te pirau i roto i tētahi wā kua whakaritea:
Te ngohe irahiko:
2. E ai ki te pikitia i raro nei, i muri i te pirau o te matū irahiko mō te 15 meneti, ko te matū irahiko e toe ana ko …
Rongoā:
N o = Te rahinga tīmatanga o ngā ngota irahiko
N t = Te rahinga whakamutunga o ngā ngota irahiko i muri i te pirau i roto i tētahi wā motuhake (t)
t = te wā-whakamuri
T 1/2 = haurua-ora
Tātaihia te haurua-ora:
Mōhiotia:
N o = 8 karamu
N t = 2 karamu
t = 6 meneti
E hiahiatia ana: te haurua-ora (T 1/2)
Rongoā:
Tātaihia te toenga o te rauemi irahiko:
Mōhiotia:
Ko te rahinga tīmatanga o ngā ngota irahiko ( Kāore ) = 8 karamu
Te wā-whakawhiti (t) = 15 meneti
Te haurua-ora (T 1/2) = 3 meneti
E hiahiatia ana: te toenga o te rauemi irahiko (N t )
Rongoā:
1. Pātai: He aha te irahiko?
Whakautu: Ko te irahiko te tukunga ohorere o ngā matūriki, te pūngao rānei mai i te karihi o tētahi ngota kore pumau.
2. Pātai: Whakahuatia kia toru ngā momo pirau irirangi e kitea whānuitia ana.
Whakautu: Ko nga momo momo e toru ko te pirau alpha (α), te pirau beta (β), me te rauropi gamma (γ).
3. Pātai: He aha te mea ka tukuna i te wā o te pirau ārepa?
Whakautu: I te wā o te pirau ārepa, ka tukuna he matūriki ārepa, e 2 ngā porotona me 2 ngā iutūniora (he karihi hēriuma-4 te nuinga).
4. Pātai: Me pēhea te huri o te tau ngota o tētahi huānga i te wā e pirau ana te beta-minus (β⁻)?
Whakautu: I te wā o te pirau beta-minus, ka huri te niutorone hei pūrotene, ka tukuna he irahiko i roto i te tukanga. Ka piki ake te tau ngota mā te kotahi.
5. Pātai: He aha te irahiko gamma?
Whakautu: Ko te hihi gamma he photon pūngao nui e tukuna ana e te ngota irahiko. He hihi hikohiko, he rite ki ngā hihi-X engari he kaha ake.
6. Pātai: He aha i tukuna pinepine ai te irahiko gamma i muri i ētahi atu momo pirau?
Whakautu: He maha ngā wā ka tukuna te irahiko gamma i muri i ētahi atu momo pirau hei tuku i te kaha nui mai i te karihi whakahihiri, kia whakahokia ai ki tōna āhua kaha iti iho.
7. Pātai: He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te haurua-ora me te pūmau pirau?
Whakautu: Ko te haurua-ora te wā e pirau ai te haurua o ngā ngota irahiko i roto i tētahi tauira, ko te pūmau pirau ia e tohu ana i te tūponotanga mō ia wā ka pirau tētahi ngota kotahi.
8. Pātai: Me pēhea te whakamahi i ngā isotope irirangi i roto i te rongoā?
Whakautu: Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā isotope irahiko i roto i te rongoā mō ngā take tātaritanga me te rongoā. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia te technetium-99m i roto i te whakaahua, ko te iodine-131 ia ka whakamahia hei rongoā i ngā mate tairoi.
9. Pātai: He aha te mātāpono kei muri i te whakatau i te wā waro-14?
Whakautu: Ko te whakatau tau waro-14 e ahu mai ana i te ine i te ōwehenga o te waro-14 (he isotope irahiko) ki te waro-12 i roto i ngā rauemi rauropi. Nā te mea ka pirau te waro-14 i roto i te wā, ka taea e te ōwehenga te tohu i te pakeke o te tauira.
10. Pātai: He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te wehenga me te hanumitanga e pā ana ki ngā tauhohenga karihi?
Whakautu: Ko te wehenga o tētahi karihi taumaha kia rua, kia maha atu rānei ngā karihi iti ake, ka tukuna te pūngao. Ko te whakakotahitanga, i tētahi atu ringa, ko te whakakotahi i ngā karihi māmā e rua hei hanga i tētahi karihi taumaha ake, me te tuku anō hoki i te pūngao.
11. Pātai: Me pēhea te mahi a te kaute Geiger?
Whakautu: Ka kitea e te kaute Geiger te irahiko mā te ine i te irahiko i hangaia i roto i te ngongo Geiger-Müller. Ina haere te irahiko mā roto i te ngongo, ka irahiko te hau i roto, ka puta he rerenga hiko e taea te ine.
12. Pātai: He aha te mahi a ngā tokotoko whakahaere i roto i ngā tauhohenga karihi?
Whakautu: Ka mimitihia e ngā rākau whakahaere ngā neutron, ka whakahaere i te tere o te tauhohenga wehenga karihi i roto i te tauhohenga. Mā te whakarerekē i te tūranga o ēnei rākau, ka taea te tere ake te tauhohenga, te whakaroa, te whakamutu katoa rānei.
13. Pātai: He aha i whakamahia ai te mata hei rauemi ārai i te irahiko?
Whakautu: He matotoru te mata, ā, ka taea e ia te mimiti me te aukati i ngā momo tukunga irahiko rerekē, inā koa ngā hihi gamma, hei tiaki i ngā tāngata me ngā taputapu mai i te pānga o te irahiko.
14. Pātai: He aha te hononga o te ariā o te pūngao here ki te irahiko?
Whakautu: Ko te pūngao here ko te pūngao e hiahiatia ana hei wetewete i te karihi ki roto i ōna porotona me ōna niutoroneta. I ētahi wā, ki te whakaitihia te pūngao here katoa e te whakarite anō, te tuku rānei i ngā matūriki, ka pērā te karihi, ka arahi ki te pirau irahiko.
15. Pātai: He aha te waeine noa hei ine i te irahiko?
Whakautu: He waeine noa te Becquerel (Bq), e tohu ana i te kotahi takahanga pirau ia hekona.
16. Pātai: He aha te hononga o te radon ki te radioactivity?
Whakautu: He hau irahiko tūturu te Radon, i hangaia hei hua pirau o te uranium. Ka taea te kohikohi i roto i ngā whare, ā, ka tū hei mōrearea hauora nā tōna irahiko.
17. Pātai: He aha te hiranga o te plutonium-239 i roto i te mana karihi?
Whakautu: Ka taea e te plutonium-239 te pakaru, ā, ka whakamahia hei wahie i roto i ētahi momo tauhohenga karihi me te hanga patu karihi.
18. Pātai: He aha te whakahohenga niutron?
Whakautu: Ko te whakahohenga irahiko te tukanga e huri ai ngā isotope pumau hei irahiko i muri i te hopu i ngā irahiko. He maha ngā wā ka pirau te isotope hou mā te tuku i te irahiko beta, gamma rānei.
19. Pātai: Me pēhea te mahi a ngā tohu ira i roto i te ako i ngā tukanga koiora?
Whakautu: Ko ngā tohu irahiko he isotope e tuku ana i te irahiko, ā, ka taea te whai i a rātou e neke ana i roto i ngā pūnaha koiora. Mā te aroturuki i tā rātou nekehanga, ka taea e ngā kairangahau te ako i ngā tukanga pēnei i ngā ara pākia, i te rere toto rānei.
20. Pātai: He aha i nui ake ai te irahiko o ētahi huānga i ētahi atu?
Whakautu: Ko te pumau o te karihi ngota e whakawhirinaki ana ki te taurite o ngā porotona me ngā iutūniora. Ko ngā huānga he karihi kei tawhiti atu i te taurite pumau o ēnei matūriki ka nui ake te irahiko, i a rātou e pirau ana kia eke ki tētahi āhua pumau ake.
