Ngā Whatunga Gurumuda
Ngā whariki whakarara – ngā raruraru me ngā otinga
1. Ka whakamāramahia he whatanga kei roto he 4000 ngā kohao mō ia henimita , ā, ka puta te rārangi kanapa tuarua i te koki 30°. He aha te roanga ngaru o te mārama i whakamahia? (1 Å = 10 -10 m)
Mōhiotia:
Ko te tawhiti i waenga i ngā āputa (d) = 1 / (4000 āputa / cm) = 0.00025 cm = 2.5 x 10 -4 cm = 2.5 x 10 -6 mita
Raupapa (n) = 2
Sin 30 o = 0.5
1 Å = 10 -10 m
Ngā Tukinga Kore-whakapūmau
Kāore e pā te ture tiaki pūngao nekeneke ki ngā tukinga kore-whakapūmau. Ka pā te ture tiaki o te nekehanga ki ngā tukinga kore-whakapūmau mēnā kāore he kaha o waho e pā ki ngā mea e rua e tukinga ana. I roto i te tukinga kore-whakapūmau, ka piri ngā mea e rua tetahi ki tetahi, ka piri rānei tetahi ki tetahi i muri i te tukinga.
Tauira pātai 1.
E rua ngā mea he rite te taumaha, arā, 1 kg. Ka neke te mea 1 i runga i te papa papatahi i te tere o te 10 m/s, ā, ka tukinga ki te mea tuarua e takoto kau ana. I muri i te tukinga, ka piri tahi ngā mea e rua. He aha te tere o ngā mea e rua i muri i te tukinga?
Ngā tukinga ā-wāhanga
I roto i ngā tukinga ā-wāhanga elastic, ka whai mana te ture tiaki o te nekehanga, engari kāore e whai mana te ture tiaki o te pūngao nekeneke. I te wā e puta ai he tukinga, ka hurihia ētahi pūngao nekeneke hei pūngao oro, hei pūngao wera, hei pūngao ā-roto hoki. Ko te whakamahinga o te kupu elastic e tohu ana i muri i te tukinga, kāore ngā mea e rua e piri tahi engari e pekepeke atu.
Ko tētahi tauira o te tukinga ngāwari ā-wāhanga ko te tukinga kotahi-ahu o ngā māpere e rua, o ngā pōro puna kaukau rānei e rua.
Te tiakitanga o te nekehanga raina
E mea ana te ture tiaki i te nekehanga rārangi, ki te kore he kaha o waho e pā ana ki ngā mea e rua e tukinga ana, ka ōrite te nekehanga o ngā mea i mua i te tukinga ki te nekehanga o ngā mea i muri i te tukinga.
p 1 + p 2 = p 1 ' + p 2 ' ………………….. Whārite 1.4
m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 = m 1 v 1 ' + m 2 v 2 '
Ki te piri ngā mea e rua i muri i te tukinga,
m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 = (m 1 + m 2 ) v'
Ngā tukinga tino ngāwari
Ka kiia te tukinga o ngā mea e rua he tukinga tino pīwariwari mēnā he ōrite te nekehanga, te pūngao nekeneke rānei o ia mea i mua i te tukinga ki te nekehanga me te pūngao nekeneke o ia mea i muri i te tukinga. Arā, ka tika te ture tiaki nekehanga me te ture tiaki pūngao nekeneke i roto i ngā tukinga tino pīwariwari. Ko te whakamahinga o te kupu pīwariwari e tohu ana i muri i te tukinga, kāore ngā mea e rua e piri tahi, kāore rānei e piri tetahi ki tetahi, engari ka peke atu. Ka tiakina te nekehanga o ia mea.
Ka tiakina te nekehanga o ia mea.
Te kaupapa mahi-pūngao mīhini
E mea ana te ariā pūngao mahi-nekeneke he rite te mahi kupenga, te mahi rānei i mahia e te kaha kupenga, ki te huringa o te pūngao nekeneke.
W kupenga = KI t – KI o = 1⁄2 m(v t 2 – v o 2 )
W kupenga = E rua ngā momo kaha, arā, te kaha pūmau, me te kaha kore-pūmau. Nō reira, ka taea te kī ko te mahi kupenga kei roto ko te mahi i mahia e te kaha pūmau me te mahi i mahia e te kaha kore-pūmau.
W c + W nc = ΔKE
Te mahi i mahia e ngā kaha pūmau Te pūngao pūmanawa
Mātakihia tētahi mea e neke poutū ana ki runga, kātahi ka hoki ki tōna tūranga tīmatanga i muri i te ekenga ki te teitei mōrahi. Ina neke poutū te mea ki runga, ka mahi kino te taumaha ki runga i te mea. Ina neke ake te mea, ka piki te teitei o te mea. Nō reira, ka piki anō hoki te kaha pūmanawa ā-papa o te mea. Ka taea te whakatau ko te mahi kino e mahia ana e te taumaha he rite ki te pikinga o te kaha pūmanawa ā-papa o te mea (PE).
Te ope tiaki me te ope kore tiaki
1. Te Rōpū Tiaki
1.1 Taumaha (w)
Mātakihia tētahi mea e neke poutū ana ki runga kia tae rā anō ki tōna teitei mōrahi i mua i te neke ki raro ki tōna tūranga tīmatanga. Ina neke poutū ana ki runga mā te h, he rerekē te ahunga o te taumaha i tōna nekehanga. Nō reira, ka mahi kino te taumaha ki runga i te mea.
W = wh (cos 180 o ) = – wh = – mgh
Kia eke ki te teitei mōrahi, ka neke te mea ki raro ki tōna tūranga tīmatanga mā te h. Ina neke ki raro, ka rite te ahunga o te taumaha ki te nekehanga. Nā te mea kei te rite te ahunga ki te nekehanga, ka mahi pai te taumaha.
Te mātāpono o te Pūngao Mahi-Kinetika
Ki te mahi te kaha kupenga ki runga i tētahi mea, ka pāngia te mea e te whakaterenga (ka pāngia te mea e te nekehanga). Ina pāngia te mea e te whakaterenga, ka rerekē te tere o te mea. Arā, ko te mahi i mahia e te kaha kupenga e pā ana ki te tere tīmatanga me te tere whakamutunga o te mea.
Ko te mahi i mahia ki runga i tētahi mea mā te kaha kupenga pumau ko:
W kupenga = ΣF s
E ai ki te ture tuarua a Newton, mēnā he kaha kupenga e mahi ana ki runga i tētahi mea, ka pāngia taua mea e te whakaterenga.
Ngā mahi i mahia mā te kaha
1.1 Te Whakamāramatanga o te Mahi
Ki te pana koe i tētahi pukapuka ki runga i te mata o tētahi tēpu kia nekehia rā anō te pukapuka, ka kiia koe kua mahi koe i runga i te pukapuka. Ki te taka tētahi mea ki te whenua nā te kukume a te kaha ā-papa, ka kiia te kaha ā-papa kua mahi i runga i te mea. Engari, ki te pana koe i tētahi mea ki tō kaha katoa kia werawera rawa koe, engari kāore te mea e nekeneke ana, ka kiia koe kāore koe i mahi i runga i te mea. I roto i te oranga o ia rā, ka kīia pea e te tangata kua mahi koe i te mahi uaua mā te pana i te mea engari i roto i te Ahupūngao, kāore koe e mahi i runga i te mea nā te mea kāore i nekehia te mea.