Pūngao i roto i te hau pai monoatomic
Ko te pūngao i roto i te hau pai monoatomic ko te tapeke o te pūngao nekeneke whakawhiti o ngā ngota hau pai monoatomic. Ko te tapeke o te pūngao nekeneke whakawhiti o ngā ngota hau pai = te hua o te pūngao nekeneke whakawhiti toharite o ia ngota me te maha o ngā ngota (N). Mā te pāngarau:
U = Pūngao i roto i te hau pai monoatomic (J)
N = Te maha o ngā ngota ngota
k = Pūmau Boltzmann (k = 1.38 x 10 -23 J / K)
T = pāmahana tino (K)
n = Te maha o ngā mole (mol)
R = pūmau hau whānui (R = 8.315 J / mol. K = 8315 kJ / kmol. K)
Pūngao i roto i te hau pai rua-atomic
Ko te pūngao i roto i te hau diatomic tino pai ko te tapeke o te pūngao nekeneke whakawhiti, te pūngao nekeneke hurihuri me te pūngao nekeneke wiri o ngā ngota hau tino pai diatomic. E ai ki te mātāpono o te wehenga pūngao, ko te pūngao i roto i te hau diatomic tino pai ko:
Pūngao i roto i te hau polyatomic tino pai
Ko te pūngao i roto i te hau polyatomic pai ko te tapeke o te pūngao nekeneke whakawhiti, te pūngao nekeneke hurihuri me te pūngao nekeneke wiri o ngā ngota hau polyatomic pai. E ai ki te mātāpono o te wehenga pūngao, ko te pūngao i roto i te hau polyatomic pai ko:
Pūngao i roto i te hau tūturu
Ko te pūngao o te hau tūturu e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pāmahana. Ina nui te pēhanga o te hau tūturu (he iti te rahinga o te hau tūturu), ka tīmata te hau tūturu ki te whakaatu i te whanonga rerekē. Nō reira, ka taea te kī ko te pūngao o te hau tūturu e whakawhirinaki ana hoki ki te pēhanga me te rahinga.
