He tuhinga mō te Whārite o ngā karu hiko
Ko te koki te mea e whakatau ana i te rahi o te ahua o te mea i hangaia ki te retina o te kanohi. E ai ki te pikitia kei te taha, ko te iti o te rahi o te mea, ko te iti o te koki, ā, nō reira ko te iti o te rahi o te ahua i hangaia ki te retina. Ko te iti o te ahua i runga i te retina te take he uaua ki te kanohi te kite mārama i ngā mea iti, ahakoa e tirohia ana ngā mea mai i te pūwāhi tata, he tawhiti 25 cm.
Kāore e taea e te karāhe whakanui te whakanui ake i te koki nā te mea he iti rawa te rahi o te mea, he uaua ki te kite mā te whakamahi i te karāhe whakanui.
kātahi ka hiahiatia he taputapu whatu he pai ake te kaha ki te whakanui ake i te koki. Ko te taputapu whatu he karuāra whatu. E rua ngā karuāra pūkohu o te karuāra whatu, ko ia karuāra pūkohu ka kiia ko te karuāra whāinga me te karuāra kanohi. Ko te mahi a te karuāra whāinga he whakanui ake i te rahi o te ahua me te whakatata atu i te ahua ki te karuāra kanohi kia nui ake ai te koki. Engari, ko te mahi a te karuāra kanohi he whakanui ake i te koki kia nui ake ai te rahi o te ahua e hanga ana i runga i te retina.
1. Te whakanui katoa o te karuārai ina iti rawa te wāhi e tau ai te kanohi
1.1 Ngā whakanuinga rārangi o te karu arotahi ina iti rawa te taunga o ngā kanohi
He karāhe pūkohu te karāhe arotahi. Nō reira, he rite tonu te whārite o te whakanui rārangi o te karāhe arotahi ki te whārite o te whakanui rārangi o te karāhe pūkohu.
Ko ngā whakaahua tūturu i hangaia e te karāhe arotahi ka kiia he mea e te karāhe kanohi. Ka iti rawa te wāhi e uru ai ngā kanohi ina tino marino ngā uaua ciliary o te kanohi, ā, ka tutuki tēnei mena kei te mutunga kore te whakaahua whakamutunga i hangaia e te karāhe kanohi. Kia mutunga kore ai te whakaahua whakamutunga i hangaia e te karāhe kanohi, me noho te whakaahua tūturu i hangaia e te karāhe arotahi ki te pūwāhi arotahi o te karāhe kanohi. Nō reira, ko te tawhiti o te whakaahua tūturu mai i te karāhe arotahi (i roto i teob) = te tawhiti i waenganui i te arotahi arotahi me te arotahi kanohi (l) – te roa arotahi o te arotahi kanohi (fok).
m ob = te whakanui rārangi o te arotahi whāinga, l = te tawhiti i waenga i te arotahi whāinga me te arotahi kanohi, f ok = te roa arotahi o te arotahi kanohi, do ob = te tawhiti o te mea mai i te arotahi whāinga
Kāore he tohu tōraro nā te mea e kī ana te tohu tōraro kua hurihia te ahua.
1.2 Te whakanui koki o te karu kanohi ina iti rawa te wāhi e taunga ai te kanohi
He karāhe pūkohu te karāhe kanohi, nō reira ko te whārite mō te whakanui koki o te karāhe kanohi he rite ki
te whārite o te whakanui koki o te loupe arotahi kōpuku, te karāhe whakanui rānei ina wātea te kanohi.
Ko te whārite o te whakanui koki o te loupe ina whakangā te kanohi (he iti rawa te urunga):
M = N / f
Ka whakarerekētia te roa arotahi (f) ki te roa arotahi o te karu arotahi (f ok ).
Āe = Kāore / āe
M = te whakanui koki, N = te pūwāhi tata o te kanohi noa, f ok = te roa arotahi o te karu tirohanga.
1.3 Te whakanui koki katoa ina iti rawa te taunga o te kanohi
Ko te whakanui koki katoa (M) ko te whakarea o te whakanui raina o te karu arotahi (mob) me te whakanui koki o te karu kanohi (Mok)
Ko te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā karāhe e rua (l) – te roa arotahi o te karāhe kanohi (f ok ) = te tawhiti ahua o te karāhe whāinga (di ob ). Ka whakanohoia te mea ki te tino tata ki te pūwāhi arotahi o te karāhe whāinga kia tata rite te tawhiti o te mea mai i te karāhe whāinga (do ob ) ki te roa arotahi o te karāhe whāinga.
He mariko, he huripokitia, he tino tawhiti (i te mutunga kore) te ahua whakamutunga. Ahakoa te tawhiti mutunga kore o te ahua whakamutunga, ehara i te mea he mutunga kore te rahi o te ahua whakamutunga.
2. Te whakanui katoa ina tino teitei te wāhi e noho ai te kanohi
2.1 Te whakanui rārangi o te karu arotahi ina tino teitei te wāhi e taunga ai te kanohi
He karāhe pūkohu te karāhe kanohi, nō reira he rite tonu te whārite o te whakanui rārangi o te karāhe kanohi ki te whārite o te whakanui rārangi o te karāhe pūkohu.
Ko ngā whakaahua tūturu i hangaia e te karāhe arotahi ka kiia he mea e te karāhe kanohi. Ka tino urutau ngā kanohi ina tino pēhia ngā uaua ciliary o te kanohi.
ā, ka tutuki tēnei mēnā ko te ahua whakamutunga i hangaia e te karu kanohi he 25 cm te tawhiti mai i te karu kanohi, ko te 25 cm te pūwāhi tata o te kanohi noa. Mēnā he rite te tawhiti o te ahua whakamutunga i hangaia e te karu kanohi (di ok ) ki te pūwāhi tata o te kanohi noa (N), ko te tawhiti o te ahua tūturu mai i te karu kanohi (do ok ):
He mariko te ahua whakamutunga i hangaia e te karu tirohanga, nō reira ka hoatu he tohu kino.
Ko te do ok te tawhiti o ngā whakaahua tūturu (ngā mea) mai i te arotahi kanohi. I roto i te ob ko te tawhiti o te whakaahua tūturu mai i te arotahi whāinga. di ob + do ok = te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā arotahi e rua (l). Nō reira i roto i te ob = l – do ok
mob = te whakanui raina o te arotahi whāinga, l = te tawhiti i waenga i te arotahi whāinga me te arotahi kanohi, dook = te tawhiti o te ahua tūturu mai i te arotahi kanohi, doob = te tawhiti o te mea mai i te arotahi whāinga
Kāore he tohu tōraro nā te mea e kī ana te tohu tōraro kua hurihia te ahua.
2.2 Te whakanui koki ina tino teitei te wāhi e noho ai te kanohi
He karāhe pūkohu te karāhe kanohi, nō reira he rite te whārite o te whakanui koki o te karāhe kanohi ki te whārite
o te whakanui koki o te loupe (karāhe whakanui) ina arotahi te kanohi ki te pūwāhi tata (ka mōrahi te urunga).
Ko te whārite o te whakanui koki o te loupe (karaihe whakanui) ina arotahi te kanohi ki te pūwāhi tata (ko te wāhi noho te mōrahi):
M = te whakanui koki, N = te pūwāhi tata o te kanohi noa, f = te roa arotahi o te karu tirohanga.
2.3 Te whakanui koki katoa ina tino teitei te wāhi e noho ai te kanohi
Ko te whakanui koki katoa ko te whakarea o te whakanui rārangi o te karāhe arotahi (m ob ) me te whakanui koki o te karāhe kanohi (M ok ).
Ko te tawhiti i waenganui i te arotahi arotahi me te arotahi kanohi (l) – te tawhiti o te ahua tūturu mai i te arotahi kanohi (do ok ) = te tawhiti o te ahua tūturu mai i te arotahi arotahi (di ob ). Ka whakanohoia te mea ki te taha tata o te pūwāhi arotahi o te arotahi arotahi kia tata rite te tawhiti o te mea mai i te arotahi arotahi (do ob ) ki te roa arotahi o te arotahi arotahi. Nō reira, ka taea te whakarerekē i te whārite i runga ake nei ki:
