He tuhinga mō te Whārite o microscope
Ko te koki te mea e whakatau ana i te rahi o te ahua o te mea i hangaia ki te retina o te kanohi. E ai ki te pikitia kei te taha, ko te iti o te rahi o te mea, ko te iti o te koki, ā, nō reira ko te iti o te rahi o te ahua i hangaia ki te retina. Ko te iti o te ahua i runga i te retina te take he uaua ki te kanohi te kite mārama i ngā mea iti, ahakoa e tirohia ana ngā mea mai i te pūwāhi tata, he tawhiti 25 cm.
Kāore e taea e te karāhe whakanui te whakanui ake i te koki nā te mea he iti rawa te rahi o te mea, he uaua ki te kite mā te whakamahi i te karāhe whakanui. karaihe whakanui,
kātahi ka hiahiatia he taputapu whatu he pai ake te kaha ki te whakanui ake i te koki. Ko te taputapu whatu he karuāra whatu. E rua ngā karuāra pūkohu o te karuāra whatu, ko ia karuāra pūkohu ka kiia ko te karuāra whāinga me te karuāra kanohi. Ko te mahi a te karuāra whāinga he whakanui ake i te rahi o te ahua me te whakatata atu i te ahua ki te karuāra kanohi kia nui ake ai te koki. Engari, ko te mahi a te karuāra kanohi he whakanui ake i te koki kia nui ake ai te rahi o te ahua e hanga ana i runga i te retina.
1. Te whakanui katoa o te karuārai ina iti rawa te wāhi e tau ai te kanohi
1.1 Ngā whakanuinga rārangi o te karu arotahi ina iti rawa te taunga o ngā kanohi
He karāhe pūkohu te karāhe arotahi. Nō reira, he rite tonu te whārite o te whakanui rārangi o te karāhe arotahi ki te whārite o te whakanui rārangi o te karāhe pūkohu.
Ko ngā whakaahua tūturu i hangaia e te karāhe arotahi ka kiia he mea e te karāhe kanohi. Ka iti rawa te wāhi e uru ai ngā kanohi ina tino marino ngā uaua ciliary o te kanohi, ā, ka tutuki tēnei mena kei te mutunga kore te whakaahua whakamutunga i hangaia e te karāhe kanohi. Kia mutunga kore ai te whakaahua whakamutunga i hangaia e te karāhe kanohi, me noho te whakaahua tūturu i hangaia e te karāhe arotahi ki te pūwāhi arotahi o te karāhe kanohi. Nō reira, ko te tawhiti o te whakaahua tūturu mai i te karāhe arotahi (i roto i teob) = te tawhiti i waenganui i te arotahi arotahi me te arotahi kanohi (l) – te roa arotahi o te arotahi kanohi (fok).
mob = te whakanui rārangi o te arotahi arotahi, l = te tawhiti i waenga i te arotahi arotahi me te arotahi kanohi, fok = te roa arotahi o te arotahi kanohi, doob = te tawhiti o te mea mai i te karu arotahi
Kāore he tohu tōraro nā te mea e kī ana te tohu tōraro kua hurihia te ahua.
1.2 Te whakanui koki o te karu kanohi ina iti rawa te wāhi e taunga ai te kanohi
He karāhe pūkohu te karāhe kanohi, nō reira ko te whārite mō te whakanui koki o te karāhe kanohi he rite ki
te whārite o te whakanui koki o te loupe arotahi kōpuku, te karāhe whakanui rānei ina wātea te kanohi.
Ko te whārite o te whakanui koki o te loupe ina whakangā te kanohi (he iti rawa te urunga):
M = N / f
Ka hurihia te roa arotahi (f) ki te roa arotahi o te karu kanohi (fok).
Mok = N / fok
M = te whakanui koki, N = te pūwāhi tata o te kanohi noa, fok = te roa arotahi o te karu arotahi.
1.3 Te whakanui koki katoa ina iti rawa te taunga o te kanohi
Ko te whakanui koki katoa (M) ko te whakarea o te whakanui raina o te karu arotahi (mob) me te whakanui koki o te karu kanohi (Mok)
Ko te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā karāhe e rua (l) – te roa arotahi o te karāhe kanohi (fok) = te tawhiti o te ahua o te karu arotahi (i roto iob). Ka whakanohoia te mea ki te tino tata ki te pūwāhi arotahi o te karāhe arotahi kia rite ai te tawhiti o te mea mai i te karāhe arotahi (meob) tata rite ki te roa arotahi o te karu arotahi.
He mariko, he huripokitia, he tino tawhiti (i te mutunga kore) te ahua whakamutunga. Ahakoa te tawhiti mutunga kore o te ahua whakamutunga, ehara i te mea he mutunga kore te rahi o te ahua whakamutunga.
2. Te whakanui katoa ina tino teitei te wāhi e noho ai te kanohi
2.1 Te whakanui rārangi o te karu arotahi ina tino teitei te wāhi e taunga ai te kanohi
He karāhe pūkohu te karāhe kanohi, nō reira he rite tonu te whārite o te whakanui rārangi o te karāhe kanohi ki te whārite o te whakanui rārangi o te karāhe pūkohu.
Ko ngā whakaahua tūturu i hangaia e te karāhe arotahi ka kiia he mea e te karāhe kanohi. Ka tino urutau ngā kanohi ina tino pēhia ngā uaua ciliary o te kanohi.
ā, ka tutuki tēnei mēnā ko te ahua whakamutunga i hangaia e te karu kanohi he 25 cm te tawhiti mai i te karu kanohi, ko te 25 cm te pūwāhi tata o te kanohi noa. Ina te tawhiti o te ahua whakamutunga i hangaia e te karu kanohi (i roto iok) he rite ki te pūwāhi tata o te kanohi noa (N), te tawhiti o te ahua tūturu mai i te karu kanohi (dook):
He mariko te ahua whakamutunga i hangaia e te karu tirohanga, nō reira ka hoatu he tohu kino.
dook ko te tawhiti o ngā whakaahua tūturu (ngā mea) mai i te karu tirohanga. I roto iob ko te tawhiti o te ahua tūturu mai i te arotahi arotahi. i roto iob + mahiok = te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā karāhe e rua (l). Pērā tonuob = l – mahiok
mob = te whakanui raina o te arotahi whāinga, l = te tawhiti i waenga i te arotahi whāinga me te arotahi kanohi, dook = te tawhiti o te ahua tūturu mai i te arotahi kanohi, doob = te tawhiti o te mea mai i te arotahi whāinga
Kāore he tohu tōraro nā te mea e kī ana te tohu tōraro kua hurihia te ahua.
2.2 Te whakanui koki ina tino teitei te wāhi e noho ai te kanohi
He karāhe pūkohu te karāhe kanohi, nō reira he rite te whārite o te whakanui koki o te karāhe kanohi ki te whārite
o te whakanui koki o te loupe (karāhe whakanui) ina arotahi te kanohi ki te pūwāhi tata (ka mōrahi te urunga).
Ko te whārite o te whakanui koki o te loupe (karaihe whakanui) ina arotahi te kanohi ki te pūwāhi tata (ko te wāhi noho te mōrahi):
M = te whakanui koki, N = te pūwāhi tata o te kanohi noa, f = te roa arotahi o te karu arotahi.
2.3 Te whakanui koki katoa ina tino teitei te wāhi e noho ai te kanohi
Ko te whakanui koki katoa ko te whakarea o te whakanui raina o te karu arotahi (mob) me te whakanui koki o te karu kanohi (Mok).
Ko te tawhiti i waenganui i te arotahi arotahi me te arotahi kanohi (l) – te tawhiti o te ahua tūturu mai i te arotahi kanohi (dook) = te tawhiti o te ahua tūturu mai i te karu arotahi (i roto iob). Ka whakanohoia te mea ki te tino tata ki te pūwāhi arotahi o te karāhe arotahi kia rite ai te tawhiti o te mea mai i te karāhe arotahi (meob) tata rite ki te roa arotahi o te karu arotahi. Nō reira, ka taea te whakarerekē i te whārite i runga ake nei ki:
