Te whakamātautau rua-kōhao a Young – ngā raruraru me ngā otinga
1. ko d te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā kōhao e 2, ko L te tawhiti i waenganui i te kōhao me te mata tirotiro, ko P 2 te tawhiti i waenganui i te taniko tuarua me te pokapū o te mata. Tātaihia te roanga ngaru o te mārama (1 Å = 10 -10 m).
Mōhiotia:
Te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā kōhao e rua (d) = 1 mm = 1 x 10 -3 m
Te tawhiti i waenganui i te āputa me te mata tirotiro (L) = 1 m
Te tawhiti i waenganui i te taniko tuarua me te taniko waenga (P 2 ) = 1 mm = 1 x 10 -3 m
Raupapa (n) = 2
E hiahiatia ana: te roangaru o te mārama (λ)
Rongoā:
Te whārite o te pokanoa āputa-rua ( pokanoa hangahanga ) :
d sin θ = n λ
hara θ ≈ tan θ = P 2 / L = (1 x 10 -3 ) / 1 = 1 x 10 -3 m
Te roanga ngaru o te mārama:
λ = d sin θ / n
λ = (1 x 10 -3 )(1 x 10 -3 ) / 2 = (1 x 10 -6 ) / 2
λ = 0.5 x 10 -6 m = 5 x 10 -7 m
λ = 5000 x 10 -10 m
λ = 5000 Å
2. E whakaatu ana te pikitia i raro nei i te hua o te pokanoa takirua. Tātaihia te roangaru o te mārama (1 m = 10 10 Å)
Mōhiotia:
Te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā kōhao e rua (d) = 0.8 mm = 8 x 10-4 m
Te tawhiti i waenganui i te āputa me te mata tirotiro (L) = 1 m
Te tawhiti i waenganui i te taniko tuawhā me te taniko pokapū (P) = 3 mm = 3 x 10 -3 m
Raupapa (n) = 4
E hiahiatia ana: Te roangaru o te mārama (λ)
Rongoā:
Te whārite o te pokanoa āputa-rua ( pokanoa hangahanga ) :
d sin θ = n λ
hara θ ≈ tan θ = P / L = (3 x 10 -3 ) / 1 = 3 x 10 -3 ahau
Te roanga ngaru o te mārama:
λ = d sin θ / n
λ = (8 x 10 -4 )(3 x 10 -3 ) / 4 = (24 x 10 -7 ) / 4
λ = 6 x 10 -7 m = 6000 x 10 -10 m
λ = 6000 Å
3. E ai ki te pikitia i raro nei, ko ngā pūwāhi A me B ngā tapa whakararuraru kanapa tuatahi e rua, ā, ko te roanga ngaru o te mārama he 6000 Å (1 Å = 10 -10 m). Tātaihia te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā āputa e rua.
Mōhiotia:
Te tawhiti i waenganui i te āputa me te mata tirotiro (L) = 1 m
Ko te roangaru o te mārama (λ) = 6000 Å = 6000 x 10 -10 m = 6 x 10 -7 m
Te tawhiti i waenganui i te taniko o te raupapa tuatahi me te taniko o waenganui (P) = 0.2 mm = 0.2 x 10 -3 m = 2 x 10 -4 m
Raupapa (n) = 1
E hiahiatia ana: Te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā āputa e rua (d)
Rongoā:
Te whārite o te wawaotanga hangahanga:
d = n λ / sin θ
hara θ ≈ tan θ = P / L = (2 x 10 -4 ) / 1 = 2 x 10 -4 m
Te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā kōhao e rua:
d = n λ / hara θ = (1)(6 x 10 -7 ) / (2 x 10 -4 )
d = (6 x 10 -7 ) / (2 x 10 -4 ) = (3 x 10 -3 )
d = 0.003 mita
d = 3 mm
Ngā raruraru 10 e pā ana ki te whakamātautau rua-kōhao a Young me ā rātou otinga:
1. Raru: I roto i tētahi whakamātautau rua-kōhao, ka ngaro te tauira taupatupatu ina kapihia tētahi o ngā kōhao. He aha ai?
Otinga: Ina kapihia tētahi āputa, ka taea anake e te mārama te haere mā roto i tētahi āputa kotahi, arā, kāore he pokanoa mai i ngā pūtake e rua. Koia te take e kite ai tātou i tētahi tauira whakarara kotahi-āputa, kaua ki te tauira pokanoa takirua-āputa.
2. Raru: Ka neke te tauira taupatupatu ina whakatakotoria he pereti karāhe ki mua i tētahi o ngā kōhao. He aha ai?
Otinga: Ka whakauruhia e te pereti karāhe he huringa āhua ki roto i te ngaru mārama e tika ana mā roto. Ka puta he rerekētanga ara whanaunga i waenga i ngā ngaru mārama e puta mai ana i ngā kōhao e rua nā tēnei huringa āhua, ā, ka nekehia te tauira pokanoa.
3. Raruraru: Ka heke te tawhiti i waenga i ngā taha whakararuraru i te mea ka piki ake te roangaru o te mārama e whakamahia ana. Whakamāramahia.
Otinga: d λ ko � λ te mai ngā āputa ki te mata, ā, ko te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā āputa. I te pikinga ake , ka piki ake anō hoki a Δ�
4. Raru: Ina whakakapia te mārama whero kotahi-tae ki te mārama kikorangi kotahi-tae, ka heke te tawhiti o ngā taha. He aha ai?
Otinga: He poto ake te roanga ngaru o te mārama kikorangi i te mārama whero. I te mea he rite tonu te tawhiti o te Δθ ki (roanga ngaru), ka iti ake te Δθ .
5. Raru: Kāore e kitea te tauira taupatupatu ina nui rawa te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā āputa e rua. He aha ai?
Otinga: Mō ngā tauira pokanoa ka kitea, me rite te rerekētanga ara ki te raupapa o te roangaru o te mārama. Mena he tawhiti rawa ngā āputa, he iti rawa te koki e puta ai te pokanoa hanga, te pokanoa whakangaro rānei, hei wehewehe i waenga i ngā āputa.
6. Raruraru: Ka ngaro te tauira pokanoa ina whānui rawa, ina koretake rānei te pūtake mārama. He aha ai?
Otinga: Kia puta ai te pokanoa, me piripono ngā ngaru mārama, arā, me mau tonu he whanaungatanga āhua ōrite. Ka puta mai ngā ngaru mārama me ngā whanaungatanga āhua matapōkere mai i ngā pūtake whānui, kore rānei e piripono, ā, ka whakakorea te tauira pokanoa mārama.
7. Raru: Ka neke te tauira pokanoa ina rumakina te taputapu ki roto i te wai. Whakamāramahia.
Otinga: Mā te ruku i te taputapu ki roto i te wai ka rerekē te tere o te mārama. Ka whakaitihia te roanga ngaru o te mārama ki roto i te wai ki te whakataurite ki te wai. I te mea he rite tonu te tawhiti o te Δ� ki neke te tauira pokanoa.
8. Raru: Ka kite tētahi tauira i tētahi tauira pokanoa pōuri. He aha pea te take?
Otinga: He maha ngā take e pōuri ai te mārama: kāore pea ngā āputa i te tino whakarara, kāore pea te mata i te tino poutū ki te ara mārama, kāore rānei te pūtake mārama i te tino kotahi te tae, i te tino mārama rānei.
9. Raru: Kāore i te ōrite te tawhiti o ngā tapa. He aha ai?
Otinga: Tērā pea nā te kore ōrite o te whānui o te kōhao, nā te tawhiti kore-rārangi rānei i waenga i ngā kōhao te take. Mā ngā hapa o te whakatakotoranga whakamātautau ka hua ake he kore ōrite o ngā taniko.
10. Raruraru: Kāore e kitea te tauira pokanoa ina whakamahia te mārama mā, engari ka kitea he tapa kanapa i waenganui. Whakamāramahia.
Otinga: He maha ngā tae (roa ngaru) o te mārama mā e titoa ana i te mārama. Ka rerekē te tūnga o ia tae nā te rerekētanga o ngā roangaru. Mā te taupatupatu o ēnei tauira ka horoia te tauira taupatupatu motuhake, ka waiho ko te tapa ma o waenganui anake te wāhi e taupatupatu ai ngā tae katoa.
Kia mōhio: Kua whakamāmāhia ngā raruraru me ngā otinga o runga ake nei kia māmā ake ai te mārama. I roto i ngā whakamātautau tūturu, tera pea ka whai wāhi atu ētahi atu āhuatanga ki ngā kitenga.
