Te Mōhio ki te Tauira Tohutohu Hinengaro-ā-tinana
Ko te tauira tohutohu hinengaro-ā-hinengaro he huarahi tohutohu e whakanui ana i te hiranga o te mārama ki te oranga o roto o te tangata—ina koa ko ngā tukanga hinengaro kore mohio—hei kī ki te whakamārama i ngā kare ā-roto, ngā whakaaro, me ngā whanonga. E ahu mai ana tēnei huarahi i te tikanga hinengaro-tātari i tīmatahia e Sigmund Freud, kātahi ka whakawhanakehia mā roto i ngā whakaaro o ētahi atu tangata pērā i a Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Melanie Klein, Anna Freud, Donald Winnicott, ā, i te mutunga mā roto i te huarahi whanaungatanga mea me te hinengaro ego. I roto i ngā mahi tohutohu hou, kāore te tauira hinengaro-ā-hinengaro i te rite tonu ki te rongoā hinengaro-tātari tawhito roa me te kaha, engari ka taea te whakamahi i roto i te huarahi poto ake, arotahi ake, me te whai tikanga hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā kiritaki o ēnei rā.
Te Ariā Pūtake me ngā Tirohanga Taketake
I te nuinga o te wā, ko te kaupapa tohutohu hinengaro-ā-tinana e ahu mai ana i ētahi whakaaro matua. Tuatahi, ko te oranga hinengaro o te tangata e pāngia ana e ngā tukanga kore mohio. Ko te tikanga o tēnei ko ētahi o ō tātou hihiri, pakanga, wehi, me ngā hiahia e mahi ana "i muri i ngā whakaaturanga" me te kore e mōhio katoa tātou, engari ka pā tonu ki ā tātou urupare kare ā-roto me ngā kōwhiringa whanonga. Tuarua, he mea nui ngā wheako o te tamarikitanga ki te hanga i ngā tauira tuakiri me te pehea e hanga ai ngā whanaungatanga e te tangata. Ka taea e ngā wheako tōmua me ngā kaitiaki te hanga i ngā "tauira" mō te haumaru o te ao, te tika rānei o te aroha ki a tātou, me pēhea te whakatau i te ahotea, te whakakorenga rānei. Tuatoru, ko ngā pakanga ā-roto—hei tauira, i waenga i ngā hiahia me ngā tikanga, ngā hiahia me ngā wehi, ngā hihiri kaha me te hara rānei—he maha ngā wā ka puta ngā tohu hinengaro.
He rerekē ki ngā huarahi e aro nui ana ki te huringa whanonga tika, ko te hinengaro hihiri he nui ake te aro ki te "take" o ngā tohu: he aha te tangata e manukanuka tonu ai ahakoa he haumaru te āhuatanga whāinga, he aha te take e hokihoki ai ngā tauira whanaungatanga mamae, he aha rānei te uaua o te tangata ki te whakapuaki i ōna matea i roto i te huarahi hauora.
Ngā Ariā Matua i roto i te Tohutohu Hinengaro-ā-tinana
He maha ngā ariā nui e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te kaupapa tohutohu hinengaro-ā-tinana :
1. Te kore mōhio
E māramahia ana te hinengaro kore mohio he ao hinengaro e pupuri ana i ngā wheako, ngā kare ā-roto, me ngā hihiri e kore e taea te uru atu engari e awe ana i ngā whanonga. Hei tauira, ko te tangata e ahua uaua ana ki te whakawhirinaki ki ētahi atu, tera pea ka mau tonu i ngā wheako o te tinihanga, o te whakarērea rānei kāore anō kia tino tukatukahia.
2. Ngā Tikanga Tiaki
He rautaki hinengaro ngā parepare hei whakaiti i te manukanuka, i ngā kare ā-roto rānei e tino taumaha ana. Hei tauira, ko te whakakorekore, te whakaata, te whakamārama, te pehi, tae noa ki te whakakatakata. Ehara i te mea he kino tonu ngā parepare—he maha ngā wā ka urutau—engari ka raru pea mēnā ka tino pakari, ka aukati i te tipu.
3. Te Whakawhiti me te Whakawhiti-ātete
Ka puta te whakawhiti whakaaro ina "whakawhiti" te kiritaki i ngā kare ā-roto, ngā tumanakohanga, ngā tauira whanaungatanga rānei mai i ngā wā o mua (hei tauira, ki matua) ki te kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro. I tetahi atu taha, ko te whakawhiti whakaaro ko te urupare kare ā-roto a te kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro ki te kiritaki, i awehia e ngā wheako whaiaro a te kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro. I roto i te tauira hinengaro-ā-tinana, ehara tēnei hihiri i te arai noa iho, engari he puna mōhiohio nui hei mārama ki ngā tauira whanaungatanga o te kiritaki.
4. Te Māramatanga Hōhonu
Ko tētahi whāinga nui o te tohutohu hinengaro-ā-tinana ko te āwhina i ngā kiritaki kia whiwhi māramatanga: he māramatanga hōhonu ake ki ō rātou kaupapa, ki ō rātou pakanga, me ngā tauira whanaungatanga e hokihoki mai ana. Ka horapa atu te māramatanga ki tua atu i te "mōhiotanga arorau" ki ngā āhuatanga kare ā-roto, ka whakatuwhera i ngā whai wāhitanga mō ngā huringa whai tikanga ake.
5. Ngā Tauira Whakawhanaungatanga me te Āpitihanga
He maha ngā mahi hinengaro hou e whakauru ana i te ariā piri. Ko ngā take pēnei i te manukanuka whakarērea, te hiahia nui ki te whakamana, te kore rānei e taea te noho haumaru i roto i ngā whanaungatanga ka māramahia mā te tirohanga o ngā wheako piri tōmua.
Ngā Whāinga o te Tohutohu Hinengaro-ā-tinana
Ko te whāinga matua o te huarahi hinengaro-ā-tinana ehara i te mea ko te whakamamae noa i ngā tohu, engari ko te āwhina i ngā kiritaki kia mārama ki te pūtake o te raruraru me te whakarerekē i ngā tauira matua. Ko ētahi o ngā whāinga motuhake ko:
- whakanui te mōhio ki a koe anō ki ngā kare ā-roto, ngā matea, me ngā pakanga ā-roto;
– te mōhio ki ngā tauira whanaungatanga e auau ana me ō rātou pūtake hītori;
– te whakawhanake i ngā huarahi urutau ake mō te whakahaere i ngā kare ā-roto;
– te whakapakari i te kaha ki te whakaaroaro me te whakahaere i a koe anō;
– te hanga i tētahi tuakiri whaiaro pumau ake, tūturu ake hoki.
I roto i te nuinga o ngā wā, i te mea ka piki haere te māramatanga me te kaha o te hinengaro, ka memeha haere ngā tohu pēnei i te manukanuka, te pouri tonu, te uaua rānei ki te hanga whanaungatanga.
Ngā Tukanga me ngā Tikanga i roto i te Mahi
Ko te kaupapa tohutohu hinengaro-ā-tinana ka tū mā roto i ngā kōrero hōhonu e aro ana ki ngā wheako kare ā-roto, ngā whanaungatanga, me te tikanga. Ka tukuna e ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro ngā kiritaki kia tūhura noa i ō rātou whakaaro (e kiia ana he hononga noa), ahakoa kāore tēnei e whakamahia "pūmau" pērā i te tātaritanga hinengaro tawhito. Ko ētahi tikanga noa ko:
– Te tūhura i ngā kōrero o te ao: ka āwhina ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro i ngā kiritaki kia kite i ngā miro noa o ngā wheako o te tamarikitanga, ngā whanaungatanga nui, me ngā kaupapa kare ā-roto e hanga ana i ō rātou tirohanga.
– Te whakamārama me te tautohetohe mārie: ka tono te kaitohutohu i te kiritaki kia arotake i ngā rerekētanga, ngā karo, ngā tauira ngaro rānei, me te kore whakahē.
– Te Whakamārama: ka tukuna e te kaitohutohu ngā ariā mō te tikanga o ngā kare ā-roto, o ngā whanonga rānei, hei tauira, me pēhea te huri o te riri pehia hei whakahē i a ia anō, hei manukanuka rānei.
– Arotahi ki te "koinei me te nāianei" o te whanaungatanga tohutohu: ko ngā kare ā-roto o te kiritaki ki te kaitohutohu, pērā i te wehi kei whakahengia, te hiahia rānei kia whakamanawarekahia, ka taea te whakaatu i ngā tauira whanaungatanga i waho o te wā.
He maha ngā wā he hanganga ake ngā tauira hinengaro-ā-roto o ēnei rā. Ko te Whakaora Hinengaro-ā-roto Poto (ISTDP) e arotahi ana ki ngā pakanga matua, ā, e whakamahi ana i ngā rautaki kaha ake hei whakahaere i te urunga atu ki ngā kare ā-roto kua karohia.
Ngā Painga me ngā Here
Ko te kaha o te tohutohu hinengaro-ā-tinana kei roto i tōna hohonutanga. Mā tēnei huarahi ka āwhina ngā kiritaki ki te mārama ki te pūtake o ngā raruraru me te hanga huringa pumau, nā te mea ka aro atu ki ngā tauira taketake, ehara i te mea ko ngā tohu o runga anake. He pai hoki tēnei momo tohutohu mō ngā take tuakiri, ngā whanaungatanga, ngā whara whanaketanga, te uaua ki te whakahaere i ngā kare ā-roto, me ngā tauira e puta tonu ana e ahua "koretake" ana ina whakamāramahia i roto i te āhuatanga o nāianei anake.
Heoi anō, he herenga kei reira hei whakaaroaro. Tuatahi, he maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana te wā me te whakapau kaha mō te whakaora hinengaro-ā-tinana, inā koa he uaua ngā take, ā, e pā ana ki te whara, ki ngā tauira whanaungatanga roa rānei. Tuarua, mō ētahi kiritaki e hiahia ana ki ngā pūkenga mahi tonu (hei tauira, ngā tikanga whakahaere manukanuka motuhake), tera pea ka ahua "kāore e tino mahi" tēnei huarahi mena kāore i te honoa ki ētahi atu rautaki. Tuatoru, ko te angitu o te whakaora e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki te kounga o te whanaungatanga whakaora , te rite o te kiritaki ki te whakaaroaro, me te pūkenga o te kaiārahi ki te whakahaere i te whakawhiti me te whakawhiti-whakahē.
Tauira Tono Poto
Hei tauira, tera pea ka amuamu tetahi kiritaki mō te manukanuka maha ina puhoi tana hoa ki te whakautu ki ngā karere kuputuhi. E mōhio ana ia he pukumahi tana hoa, engari ka mura ake ōna kare ā-roto: te wehi kei whakarērea, te riri, me te pouri. I roto i te huarahi hinengaro-ā-tinana, ka tūhura te kaiārahi i ngā wheako tōmua i hanga pea i tēnei aro - pērā i te manaaki koretake, ngā wheako o te whakarērea kare ā-roto, ngā tauira whānau rānei i whakaiti i te aroha. Mā tēnei tukanga, ka ako te kiritaki ki te kite i ngā patunga kua hoki anō mai, te wehewehe i te wā o mua mai i te wā o nāianei, me te whakawhanake i ngā urupare pakeke ake.
Te Katinga
Ko te mārama ki te tauira tohutohu hinengaro-ā-tinana ko te mārama ko te tangata ehara i te mea e akiakihia ana e te whakaaro mohio me ngā whakatau whaitake anake, engari e ngā kare ā-roto kua puritia, ngā pakanga ā-roto, me ngā tohu o ngā whanaungatanga o mua. Mā tēnei huarahi ka taea te tūhura i te tikanga, te mārama ki ngā tauira e puta tonu mai ana, me te hanga huringa mai i roto. I tēnei ao tere o nāianei, e whakamahara mai ana te tohutohu hinengaro-ā-tinana ki a tātou ehara te whakaora i te otinga tere tonu, engari he tukanga hono anō ki ngā wheako kare ā-roto i warewarehia i mua—kia taea rā anō e te tangata te noho mōhio ake, te noho noa, me te pono.
