Ngā Momo Whakaora i roto i te Tohutohu
He tukanga hihiri te tohutohu, e mahi tahi ana te kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro me ngā kiritaki hei āwhina i a rātou ki te whakatutuki i te tipu whaiaro, te whakatau i ngā raruraru, me te kimi i te māramatanga o ngā kare ā-roto. He maha ngā momo rongoā e whakamahia ana i roto i te mahi tohutohu, ā, he huarahi me ngā tikanga motuhake tō ia momo, e hāngai ana ki ngā hiahia o te kiritaki. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ētahi momo rongoā noa e whakamahia ana i roto i te tohutohu hei whakarato i tētahi tirohanga mārama ake mō ngā tikanga ka whakamahia pea e te kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro.
1. Te Whakaora i runga i te CBT (Te Whakaora Hinengaro) Hauora Whanonga)
Ko te Whakaora Whanoke Hinengaro (CBT) tētahi o ngā momo rongoā rongonui. ā, he maha ngā wā e whakamahia ana i roto i te tohutohu Ko te CBT hou e hangai ana ki te mātāpono ka taea e ngā tauira whakaaro kino me ngā hapa hinengaro te awe i ngā kare ā-roto me ngā whanonga o te tangata. Ka mahi tahi ngā kaiwhakaora CBT me me ngā kiritaki ki te tautuhi me te whakarerekē i ngā tauira whakaaro e kāore e whai hua, e kino rānei.
Ko ētahi o ngā tikanga e whakamahia ana i roto i te CBT ko:
– Te Tāutu i ngā Tauira Whakaaro Kino: Ka akona ngā kiritaki ki te kite i ngā whakaaro kino aunoa e puta ake ana i roto i ētahi āhuatanga.
– Aromatawai Whakaaro: Ka mahi tahi te kiritaki me te kaiwhakaora hinengaro ki te aromatawai i ngā taunakitanga e tautoko ana, e whakahē ana rānei i te whakaaro kino.
– Te Whakakapinga Tauira Whakaaro: Ka āwhina te kaiwhakaora hinengaro i te kiritaki ki te whakakapi i ngā whakaaro kino ki ngā tauira whakaaro pono ake, pai ake hoki.
– Ngā Mahi Hinengaro: Ka mahi ngā kiritaki i ngā mahi me ngā whakakori tinana i waho o ngā wā whakaora hinengaro hei whakapakari i ngā huringa hinengaro.
2. Whakaora Hinengaro-ā-tinana
Ko ngā pūtake o te whakaora hinengaro-ā-hinengaro i ahu mai i ngā ariā tātaritanga hinengaro a Sigmund Freud, ahakoa kua whanake, kua whakarerekētia hoki te tikanga mai i te wā o Freud. Ko te arotahi ko te hura me te mārama ki ngā pakanga ā-roto ngaro me te hītori. ko tēhea awe ngā whanonga me ngā kare ā-roto o te kiritaki.
Ko ētahi o ngā wāhanga matua o te rongoā hinengaro ko:
– Te Hononga Koreutu: Ka akiakihia ngā kiritaki kia kōrero pono, me te kore he aukati, ka āwhina i te kaiwhakaora hinengaro ki te mārama ki ngā pakanga hohonu o roto.
– Tātari Moemoeā: Ka tūhuratia e te kaiwhakaora hinengaro ngā moemoeā a te kiritaki hei rapu māramatanga ki ngā whakaaro me ngā kare ā-roto ngaro.
– Te Tūhuratanga o Mua: He nui te wā e pau ana ki te matapaki i te tamarikitanga o te kiritaki me ōna whanaungatanga o mua hei rapu i ngā tauira whanonga e puta tonu mai ana.
– Te Huringa me te Ātete: Ka aro atu ngā kaiwhakaora hinengaro ki te whakaata pea o ngā kare ā-roto o te kiritaki ki te kaiwhakaora hinengaro i ō rātou kare ā-roto ki ētahi atu tāngata nui o ō rātou ao.
3. Whakaora Tangata
Ko te whakaora tangata, he momo whakaora e ahu mai ana i te huarahi kiritaki-whaiaro, e whai ana ki te āwhina i ngā kiritaki kia wheako te tipu whaiaro ā, ka tutuki te māramatanga hohonu ki a koe anō. Ko ngā huarahi matua e rua o te whakaora tangata ko te Whakaora e Arotahi ana ki te Kiritaki nā Carl Rogers me te Whakaora Ora.
Te Whakaora e Arotahi ana ki te Kiritaki
Mā tēnei huarahi ka whakanoho te kiritaki ki waenganui o te tukanga whakaora katoa. Ka mahi te kaiwhakaora hinengaro hei kaiāwhina aroha, kāore e tohutohu ana.
– Te aroha: Ka tukuna e te kaiwhakaora hinengaro he māramatanga hōhonu ki ngā kare ā-roto me ngā wheako o te kiritaki.
– Te Whakaaro Pai Tūturu: Ka whakaae te kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro ki te kiritaki i tōna āhua tonu, me te kore e whakahē.
– Te Pono me te Tūwhera: Ka whakaatuhia e te kaiwhakaora hinengaro te pono me te ngākau pono i roto i te taunekeneke me ngā kiritaki.
Te Whakaora Oranga
Ka nui ake te aro o te whakaora oranga ki ngā take oranga, pērā i te herekore, te mate, te noho mokemoke, me te tikanga o te ora.
– Te Rapu Tikanga: Ka āwhina ngā kaiwhakaora hinengaro i ngā kiritaki ki te kimi, ki te waihanga rānei i te tikanga o ō rātou ao.
– Te Kawenga Whaiaro: Ka akiakihia ngā kiritaki kia mōhio ki tō rātou herekoretanga me te kawenga whaiaro mō ō rātou oranga.
4. Te Whakaora Gestalt
Ko te whakaora Gestalt, i whakawhanakehia e Fritz Perls, e aro nui ana ki te mōhio ki te wā o nāianei me te horopaki taiao o te tangata. Ko te arotahi ko ngā mea e pā ana ki te kiritaki me ōna kare ā-roto, ehara i te mea ko āna whakaaro anake.
Ko ētahi o ngā tikanga Gestalt e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko:
– Kōrero Whakaaroaro: Ka tonohia ngā kiritaki ki te kōrero ki ngā wāhanga rerekē o rātou anō, ki ngā āhua whakaaroaro rānei e tohu ana i ngā pakanga o roto.
– Te Whakaari Tūranga: Ka whakaari ngā kiritaki i te tūranga o rātou anō, o ētahi atu rānei, hei tūhura i ngā tirohanga me ngā kare ā-roto rerekē.
– Ngā Whakamātautau: Ka hangaia e te kaiwhakaora hinengaro me te kiritaki ngā whakamātautau hei whakamātau i ngā whanonga hou, hei tūhura rānei i ngā kare ā-roto kāore anō kia tino mārama.
5. Whakaora EMDR (Whakakore i te Pānga me te Tukatuka Anō i te Nekehanga Kanohi)
Ko te EMDR he tikanga whakaora e whakamahia ana hei rongoā i te mate ahotea muri-whara (PTSD). Ka āwhina ngā kaiwhakaora EMDR i ngā kiritaki ki te tukatuka me te whakaora i ngā wheako whara mā te whakamahi i ngā nekehanga kanohi, i ētahi atu whakaohooho rānei i ngā taha e rua.
Ko ngā wāhanga o te rongoā EMDR ko:
– Hītori me te Whakamahere: Ka aromatawai te kaiwhakaora i te hītori o te kiritaki, ā, ka whakamahere i te maimoatanga.
– Te Whakarite: Ka hoatu he māramatanga ki te kiritaki mō te tukanga me ngā tikanga o te EMDR.
– Aromatawai: Arotahi ki ngā maharatanga mamae motuhake.
– Te Whakaiti i te aro ki te tangata: Ka whakaohokia te kiri e ngā taha e rua, me te maumahara anō ki ngā āhuatanga mamae o te mahara.
– Te Tāutanga o te Whakapuakitanga Pai: Te whakapakari i ngā whakapono me ngā whakaaro pai i muri i te whakakorenga o te aro.
6. Whakaora Pūnaha / Whakaora Whānau
Ka titiro te whakaora pūnaha, te whakaora whānau rānei ki te tangata takitahi hei wāhanga o ngā pūnaha nunui ake, pērā i ngā whānau, i ngā hapori rānei. Ko ngā raruraru e pā ana ki ngā mema o te whānau e whakaarohia ana me wawao i te taumata pūnaha.
Ko ētahi o ngā huarahi rongoā pūnaha ko:
– Whakaora Hanganga Whānau: Te whakapai ake i te hanganga me ngā nekehanga o roto i te whānau hei whakanui ake i te mahi.
– Whakaora Whānau Rautaki: Te whakamahi i ngā rautaki motuhake hei whakarerekē i ngā tauira taunekeneke whānau koretake.
7. Whakaora Toi
Ka whakamahia e te whakaora toi ngā momo whakaaturanga toi hei taputapu hei aro atu ki ngā kare ā-roto me ngā wheako. He huarahi whai hua kore-waha hei whakaatu i ngā whakaaro me ngā kare ā-roto e uaua ana ki te whakapuaki ā-waha.
8. Whakaora Hinengaro (Whakaora Hinengaro)
Ka whakamahia e te rongoā whakamoe te tikanga whakamoe hei whakatō i ngā huringa pai ki roto i te hinengaro huna o te kiritaki. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia tēnei rongoā hei whakakore i ngā whanonga kino, te ahotea, me te whara.
Te Katinga
Ko te whānuitanga o ngā rongoā e wātea ana i roto i te mahi tohutohu e whakaatu ana i te whānuitanga o ngā huarahi hei āwhina i ngā kiritaki i roto i tā rātou haerenga ki te oranga ngākau. He ahurei ia tangata, ia tangata, ā, ko te huarahi tino whai hua ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā hiahia me ngā manakohanga motuhake a te kiritaki. Mā te mārama ki ēnei tikanga rerekē, ka taea e te kaitohutohu te tuku tautoko whānui ake, ā, he mea whakarite ki ā rātou kiritaki.
