Ngā Rautaki Whakatau i roto i te Tohutohu
Ko te whakatau kaupapa te kaupapa matua o ngā tukanga maha o te kaunihera. Ka tae mai ngā kiritaki ki a mātou me ngā momo take maha—te pōhēhē mō te whiriwhiri i tētahi kaupapa matua, ngā pakanga whanaungatanga, ngā pēhanga mahi, te manukanuka mō te heke mai, tae atu ki ngā raruraru matatika—e hiahiatia ana ngā whakatau. I roto i te kaunihera, ehara ngā whakatau i te "whiriwhiri i a A, i a B rānei," engari he tukanga arotahi o te mārama ki a koe anō, te whakaaro ki ngā hua, me te whakawhanake i ngā mahi pono e hangai ana ki ngā uara o te ao. Nō reira, me whai rautaki whakatau matatika, hanganga hoki ngā kaunihera e whakaute ana i te mana motuhake o te kiritaki.
1. Mārama ki ngā whakataunga hei tukanga, ehara i te kaupapa
He hapa noa te whakaaro ki ngā whakataunga he "kaupapa kotahi noa iho." Heoi, ko te whakataunga kua whakaaroarohia pai ka puta mai i tētahi raupapa o ngā wāhanga: te mōhio ki te raruraru, te kohikohi i ngā mōhiohio, te paunatia o ngā kōwhiringa, te whakahaere i ngā kare ā-roto, kātahi ka mahi me te aromatawai. Ko ngā rautaki tohutohu pai ka āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te whakatere i ēnei wāhanga i runga i te raupapa. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro te whakanui ka taea te whakahou i ngā whakataunga i runga i ngā mōhiohio hou, ā, ehara te huringa i te tohu o te kore angitu, engari he wāhanga o te ako.
Hei tāpiritanga, me wehewehe ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro i waenga i ngā whakataunga poto (hei tauira, te whakamahere i te kaupapa ako o tēnei wiki) me ngā whakataunga roa (hei tauira, te whiriwhiri i tētahi ara mahi). Ka pā tēnei rerekētanga ki te aromatawai mōrearea, te manawanui ki te koretake, me te whai wāhi ki te tautoko pāpori.
2. Te mahere i ngā raruraru me ngā whāinga (te māramatanga o ngā whāinga)
Ko tētahi rautaki tuatahi nui ko te āwhina i te kiritaki ki te whakamārama: "He aha te raruraru matua?" me "He aha te momo whakatau e hiahia ana koe ki te whakatutuki?" He maha ngā kiritaki e puta mai ana me ngā āwangawanga taupatupatu. Hei tauira, ko te "Kei te ahotea ahau i te mahi" ka pā pea ki te kawenga mahi, ngā whanaungatanga ki ngā rangatira, ngā pakanga uara whaiaro, te koretake rānei o te tūranga. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro te whakamahi i ngā tikanga whakamārama, ngā pātai tuwhera, me te whakaaroaro hei mahere:
– Te āhuatanga whakaoho me tōna horopaki
– Ngā whakaaro aunoa e ara ake ana
– Ngā kare ā-roto matua me tō rātou kaha
– Ngā whanonga o nāianei
– Te pānga ki ngā mahi o te ao (te mahi, te whānau, te hauora)
Mai i tēnei mahere, ka āwhina te kaiārahi i te kiritaki ki te whakawhanake i ngā whāinga motuhake ake, hei tauira, "ki te whiriwhiri mēnā ka noho tonu ia i a ia e whiriwhiri ana i te tūranga, ki te kimi mahi hou rānei i roto i ngā marama e toru."
3. Te tūhuratanga o ngā uara me te tuakiri whaiaro
Ko ngā whakataunga tino pumau ka honoa ki ngā uara me te tuakiri. Nō reira, ko ngā rautaki whakatau i roto i te mahi tohutohu he maha ngā wā ka uru ki te tūhura i ngā pātai pēnei i:
– He aha te mea tino nui ki ahau: te haumaru, te tipu, te whānau, te tikanga, te herekoretanga, te takoha?
– Ko ēhea ngā uara e "taupatupatu" ana i roto i tēnei kōwhiringa?
– He aha ngā whakatau e pupuri ana i ahau kia rite ki ahau anō?
Ko ngā tikanga ka taea te whakamahi ko ngā mahi whakamārama uara, ngā kōrero mō te oranga, me te tūhuratanga tūranga (hei tauira, te tamaiti, te hoa rangatira, te tohunga ngaio). Mā te mārama ki ngā uara, ka taea e ngā kiritaki te paunatia ngā hua, ehara i te mea he arorau anake engari he whai tikanga hoki.
4. Kohia ngā mōhiohio me te whakamātautau i ngā whakapae
He maha ngā whakataunga uaua ka puta mai i te iti o ngā mōhiotanga, i ngā whakapae teka rānei. Ka taea e ngā kaitohutohu te whakatenatena i ngā kiritaki kia wehewehe i ngā "meka" mai i ngā "whakapae". Hei tauira, ka whakaaro pea te kiritaki, "Ki te huri au i ngā kaupapa ako, ka pouri tonu ōku mātua." Ka taea te whakamātautau i tēnei kōrero mā te:
– Kohikohia ngā raraunga: kua pēnei kē te urupare a ngā mātua i mua?
– Ngā huarahi kē atu hei whakamātautau: me pēhea mēnā he rangitahi noa iho te pouri?
– Te ine i te tūponotanga: he pēhea te tūponotanga o te "ake tonu atu"?
Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro te whakamahi i tētahi huarahi rite ki te CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy): te tautuhi i ngā hapa hinengaro (te whakatau i ngā āhuatanga kino, te pānui hinengaro, te whakaoti i ngā mea katoa, kāore rānei) me te whakakapi i aua mea ki te whakaaro taurite ake.
5. Te whakatakoto i ngā huarahi kē atu me te whakaaroaro me te kore whakahē
Ina pōrearea ngā kiritaki, e rua noa iho ngā kōwhiringa tino uaua e kitea ana e rātou. He rautaki āwhina te whakawhānui i ngā kōwhiringa mā te whakaaroaro. Me waihanga e ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro he wāhi haumaru mō ngā kiritaki ki te whakaaro i ngā kōwhiringa "rerekē" me te kore e wehi kei whakahengia. Ngā tauira o ngā kōwhiringa rerekē e warewarehia ana:
– Kōwhiringa "Whakakotahitanga": me mahi tonu i a koe e whai ana i tētahi akoranga whakawhiti
– Ngā kōwhiringa "whakamātautau": he mahi tauira poto, he kaupapa taha, he wā hararei rānei
– Kōwhiringa "Whakaroa me ngā herenga": whakaroa i te whakatau me te whai wā me te mahere mārama.
– Kōwhiringa “Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero”: matapaki anō i ngā tumanakohanga me ngā rōpū e tika ana.
Ko te whāinga o tēnei wāhanga ehara i te whiriwhiri, engari he whakanui ake i ngā mea ka taea kia mārama ai te kiritaki kei a ia te mana whakahaere.
6. Te paunatia o ngā hua: te mahere whakatau me te tātari mōrearea
Kia kitea rā anō ngā huarahi kē atu, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro te āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te aromatawai pūnaha i ngā hua ka puta. He taputapu māmā engari he whai hua ko te whārite whakatau: whakarārangihia ngā kōwhiringa ki ngā pou, ngā paearu ki ngā rarangi (hei tauira, te utu, te wā, te pānga ki te hauora hinengaro, ngā whai wāhitanga tipu, te tautoko whānau), kātahi ka tohaina he kaute. Me whakanui e ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro ehara te kaute i te "pono tuturu," engari he taputapu hei whakamārama i ngā kaupapa matua.
Mō ngā whakataunga mōrearea, whakamahia te tātaritanga mōrearea:
– He aha te āhuatanga kino rawa atu e tino kitea ana?
– E hia te tūponotanga ka tupu?
– He aha te whakamāmā i tēnei āhuatanga mēnā ka tupu?
Mā ngā rautaki whakaiti i te ahotea ka hiahia ake ngā kiritaki ki te mahi nā te mea he mahere tārua tā rātou.
7. Te whakahaere i ngā kare ā-roto me te ruarua
Kāore i te tino whai whakaaro noa ngā whakataunga. Mā te wehi, te hara, te hiahia nui, te hiahia rānei ki te whakamatau i a ia anō ka pōuri te whakaaro. Koinei te wāhi e tino hira ai ngā pūkenga o te kaiārahi ki te whakahaere i ngā kare ā-roto. Ko ētahi huarahi āwhina ko:
– Ngā tikanga whakatō me te manawa hei whakaiti i te kaha o ngā kare ā-roto
– Te whakataurite i te ruarua: "He mea maori te hiahia o ētahi wāhanga o koe ki te huri, ko ētahi kia noho haumaru."
– He huarahi uiuinga hihiri hei tūhura i ngā "take mō te huringa" me ngā "take mō te noho" me te kore e akiaki
Mēnā he pumau ake ngā kare ā-roto, ka pai ake te arotake a ngā kiritaki i ngā kōwhiringa me te mārama.
8. Whakatenatenahia te mana motuhake: kāore te kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro e whakatau mā te kiritaki.
Ko tētahi o ngā mātāpono matatika matua o te mahi tohutohu ko te whakaute i te mana motuhake o te kiritaki. Kāore ngā rautaki whakatau pai e huri hei "tohutohu" e whakatau ana i ngā uara o te kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro. Tērā pea ka whakaratohia e ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro he kōrero, he āwhina ki te whakarite i te tukanga, he pātai rānei i ngā pātai nui, engari ko te whakatau whakamutunga mā te kiritaki.
He mea nui tēnei nā te mea ko ngā whakataunga whaiaro ka nui ake te whakapau kaha. Mēnā he nui rawa te mana o te kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro, ka tūpono te kiritaki ki te whakawhirinaki ki a ia anō, ki te pouri rānei, ki te whakapae rānei i te kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro mēnā kāore te putanga e tutuki i ngā tumanakohanga.
9. Waihangahia he mahere mahi tuturu, ka taea te ine
Ka huri noa ngā whakataunga me te kore mahi hei kōrero noa iho. Nō reira, ina whiriwhiria e te kiritaki te kōwhiringa tino tika, ka āwhina te kaiārahi ki te whakawhanake i tētahi mahere mahi:
– He aha te taahiraa tuatahi iti rawa engari he mea nui rawa atu?
– Nōnahea i mahia ai, mā wai, ā, me pēhea?
– Ngā arai ka puta ake pea me ngā rautaki hei whakakore i aua arai
– Ngā tohu angitu (hei tauira, "tukuna kia 10 ngā tono i roto i ngā wiki e rua")
He mea nui te mātāpono o ngā "takahanga iti" hei whakapiki i te whai mana ki a koe anō. Me wehewehe ngā whakataunga nui ki ngā mahi iti ake, ka taea te aroturuki.
10. Aromatawai me te whakaaroaro: ngā whakatau hei akoranga
Ko te wāhanga whakamutunga ko te aromatawai: he aha ngā mea i angitu, he aha ngā mea i uaua, me ngā mea me whakarerekē. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro te whakatenatena i ngā kiritaki kia whakaaroaro ki te tukanga: i hono pai ake tēnei whakatau i a rātou ki ō rātou uara oranga? I puta mai ētahi akoranga mō ngā tauira whakaaro, ngā kare ā-roto, ngā whanaungatanga rānei? Mā te aromatawai ka āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga whakatau whai whakaaro mō ngā wero o te heke mai.
Te Katinga
Ehara i te mea he tikanga whiriwhiri noa iho ngā rautaki whakatau i roto i te mahi tohutohu, engari he tukanga whānui e whakakotahi ana i te mārama ki a ia anō, te whakahaere kare ā-roto, te aromatawai whaitake, me te whakamahere mahi. He kaiāwhina te mahi a te kaitohutohu, e āwhina ana i ngā kiritaki kia mārama ake, kia whānui ake ngā huarahi kē atu, kia whai kawenga hoki mō ā rātou whiringa. Mā te huarahi hanganga me te aroha, kāore e whakatau noa ngā whakataunga ka puta mai i ngā raruraru o nāianei engari ka whakapakari ake hoki i te mana motuhake me te manawanui hinengaro o ngā kiritaki ki te aro atu ki ngā wero o te ao ā muri ake nei.
