Ngā Tikanga Tohutohu mā te Whakamahi i te Toi Whakaora
Pendahuluan
Kei te whanake tonu ngā tikanga tohutohu hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia kanorau o te tangata. Kāore e taea e ngā kiritaki katoa te whakapuaki ā-waha i ō rātou whakaaro me ō rātou kare ā-roto, inā koa he raruraru, he uaua, he uaua rānei te whakapuaki i ngā kare ā-roto e pā ana ki a rātou. I roto i tēnei horopaki, he huarahi kaha te whakaora toi, e whakamahi ana i te tukanga auaha hei āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te mārama ki a rātou anō, ki te tukatuka i ō rātou kare ā-roto, me te kimi rautaki whakaora hauora ake.
Ehara i te mea ko te whakaora toi he "tuhi hei whakangā noa iho." I roto i te mahi tohutohu, he tikanga hanganga e whakamahia ana e ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro hei whakahaere i te tūhuratanga hinengaro. Mā roto i ngā pāpāho tirohanga pērā i te tuhi, te tae, te whakapiripiri, te uku rānei, ka whiwhi ngā kiritaki i tētahi "reo rerekē" hei whakapuaki i ō rātou wheako o roto. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te whakamāramatanga, ngā painga, ngā mātāpono, me ngā tauira o ngā tikanga tohutohu e whakamahi ana i te whakaora toi ka taea te whakamahi i roto i te mahi.
Te Mārama ki te Whakaora Toi i roto i te Tohutohu
I te nuinga o te wā, ko te whakaora toi he huarahi whakaora e whakamahi ana i te tukanga waihanga toi hei huarahi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te whakaora. Ehara te arotahi matua i te kounga ataahua o te mahi, engari ko te tikanga hinengaro me te wheako o te kiritaki i te wā o te tukanga. I roto i ngā wā whakahāngai, ka whakamahia ngā pāpāho toi hei:
1. Āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te whakapuaki i ngā kare ā-roto e uaua ana ki te whakapuaki.
2. Tūhuratia marietia ngā wheako o mua me ngā pakanga o roto.
3. Āwhina i te whakaaroaro whaiaro (māramatanga) me te whakarerekētanga whanonga.
4. Whakawhanakehia ngā pūkenga aro atu ki ngā āhuatanga o te ao, me te whakahaere i ngā kare ā-roto.
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia tēnei huarahi ki ngā tamariki, taiohi, me ngā pakeke, tae atu ki ngā kiritaki e pāngia ana e te manukanuka, te pouri, te whara, ngā raruraru whanaungatanga, te ahotea mātauranga, me ngā raruraru tuakiri.
He aha i whai hua ai te Whakaora Toi?
He maha ngā take e whai hua ai tēnei tikanga i roto i te mahi tohutohu:
1. Whakaitihia ngā arai kōrero
He maha ngā kiritaki e uaua ana ki te whakapuaki i ō rātou kare ā-roto nā te wehi kei whakahengia rātou, kei pōhēhētia, kāore rānei i te rawaka ngā kupu kare ā-roto. Mā te toi rātou e āwhina ki te whakahaere i ō rātou kare ā-roto me te kore e "kōrerotia katoatia".
2. Whakaratohia he tawhiti haumaru mai i ngā wheako mamae
Ina whakaatu tohu ana ngā kiritaki i ngā wheako mamae, ka taea e rātou te tiro atu i tawhiti. Mā tēnei ka āwhina i a rātou ki te tukatuka i ngā kare ā-roto me te kore e tino kitea.
3. Whakanuia te mōhio ki a koe anō
He maha ngā wā ka whakaohokia e ngā mahi toi ngā tohu ngaro. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro te āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te whakamārama i te tikanga o ngā tohu ka tūtaki rātou, kia hohonu ake ai te māramatanga.
4. Whakatenatenahia te mana whakahaere me te whiriwhiri
E wātea ana ngā kiritaki ki te whiriwhiri i ngā tae, ngā āhua, ngā pāpāho, me te tere. Mā tēnei ka puta he mana whakahaere, he mea tino nui tēnei mō te hunga kua pāngia e ngā āhuatanga kore mana.
Ngā Mātāpono Taketake o te Whakatinanatanga o te Whakaora Toi
Hei whai hua, hei whai tikanga hoki, me aro ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro ki ngā mātāpono e whai ake nei:
1. Kāore e aromatawai i ngā pūkenga toi a te kiritaki
Whakamāramahia ko te whāinga ko te whakapuaki i a koe anō me te māramatanga, ehara i te waihanga i tētahi mahi ataahua.
2. Whakatairangahia te tukanga i runga ake i ngā hua
I ētahi wā, ko te mea nui ko ngā kare ā-roto o te kiritaki i a ia e tuhi ana, ehara i te tuhi tonu.
3. Waihangahia he wāhi haumaru
Me waihanga e ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro he taiao tautoko, me pupuri te noho muna, me te aro ki ngā kare ā-roto o ngā kiritaki.
4. Whakamahia ngā pātai whakaaroaro, kaua e whakamahi i ngā whakamārama taha-kotahi.
Kaua e whakatau tere mō te tikanga o te ahua. Engari, whakamahia ngā pātai pēnei i te, "Ko tēhea wāhanga te mea tino nui ki a koe?" "He aha ō kare ā-roto i a koe e hanga ana?"
Ngā Tikanga Tohutohu mā te Whakamahi i te Toi Whakaora
1. Tuhi Koreutu (Tuhi Koreutu)
He pai tēnei tikanga mō ngā wāhanga tuatahi, mō te wā rānei e hiahia ana te kaiārahi ki te mārama ki te āhua o te kare ā-roto o te kiritaki me te kore he pēhanga. Ka tonoa te kiritaki ki te tuhi i te mea e puta ake ana ki tōna hinengaro. Kia oti, ka akiaki te kaiārahi i te kiritaki ki te tūhura i te tikanga o te tuhi: ngā tae i whiriwhiria, ngā āhua matua, ngā āhuatanga tino kitea rānei.
Whāinga: te hanga hononga pai, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tuwhera, me te aromatawai i ngā kare ā-roto matua.
2. Te Tuhi i ngā Kare ā-roto (Te Tuhi Kare ā-roto)
Ka tonoa ngā kiritaki ki te whiriwhiri i tētahi kare ā-roto kaha (hei tauira, te riri, te wehi, te pōuri, te manukanuka rānei) kātahi ka whakaahua mā te whakamahi i tētahi tae, rārangi, tohu rānei. Mā tēnei tikanga ka āwhina ngā kiritaki ki te tautuhi i te kare ā-roto me tōna kaha.
Whāinga: te whakapai ake i te mātauranga kare ā-roto me te whakahaere kare ā-roto.
Tauira pātai a te kaiārahi: "Mēnā he āhua tō tēnei manukanuka, he aha te āhua? He koi, he pōuri, he hurihuri rānei?"
3. Te Tuhi i te Wāhi Haumaru (Te Tuhi i te Wāhi Haumaru)
I roto i tēnei tikanga, ka tonoa ngā kiritaki ki te tuhi i tētahi wāhi e whakamarie ai, e whakamarie ai, e whakamarie ai hoki rātou—he wāhi tūturu, he wāhi whakaaro rānei. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia tēnei tikanga ki ngā kiritaki e pāngia ana e te whara, e te ahotea nui rānei.
Whāinga: ki te whakawhanake i te wairua haumaru o roto me ngā rautaki whakamarie i a koe anō.
Ka taea e te kaitohutohu te akiaki i te kiritaki ki te waihanga i tētahi "pūnga" mai i te ahua, hei tauira mā te whakaaro noa i a koe e mataku ana, e uaua ana rānei ki te moe.
4. Te Huihuinga Tuakiri
Ka hangaia e te kiritaki he whakapiripiri mai i ngā tapahi maheni, ngā whakaahua, ngā kupu, ngā tohu rānei e tohu ana i a ia: ngā uara o te ao, ngā tūranga pāpori, ngā tumanako, ngā wehi, me ētahi atu mea nui.
Whāinga: te tūhuratanga tuakiri, te whakanui ake i te whakaaro nui ki a ia anō, me te whakamārama i ngā whāinga o te ao.
He whai hua tēnei tikanga mō ngā taiohi e rapu ana i tō rātou tuakiri, mō ngā pakeke rānei e pāngia ana e te raruraru tūranga.
5. Toi o te Rārangi Wā (Rārangi Wā Ora)
Ka waihangahia e ngā kiritaki he rārangi wā o te ao e whakauru ana i ngā wā nui: ngā angitu, ngā mate, ngā huringa nui, me ngā wheako e kore e warewaretia. Ka taea te whakaatu i ēnei wā hei tohu, hei tae, hei āhua rānei.
Whāinga: hei āwhina i ngā kiritaki kia kite i ngā tauira o te ao, ngā pūtake o te kaha, me ngā patunga kāore anō kia ea.
Ka āwhina hoki tēnei tikanga i ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro i roto i ngā aromatawai hinengaro-pāpori me te aroha nui atu.
6. Whakaora Kōpare (Kōpare: Te Āhua o Waho, te Āhua o Roto rānei)
Ka hangaia e te kiritaki he kōpare, ka whakapaipai rānei (ka taea te hanga ki te pepa). Ko te taha o waho e tohu ana i tōna āhua ki te aroaro o ētahi atu, ko te taha o roto ia e tohu ana i ngā kare ā-roto, i ngā whakaaro rānei e huna ana.
Whāinga: te tūhura i ngā pakanga ā-roto, ngā pēhanga pāpori, me ngā matea kare ā-roto kāore anō kia ea.
He mea nui tēnei tikanga mō ngā kiritaki e "ahua pai ana" engari he taimaha ngā kawenga kei a rātou.
7. Ngā Otinga Tuhi (Toi Arotahi ki te Otinga)
Kia oti te whakamārama i te raruraru, ka tono te kaitohutohu i te kiritaki kia tuhi i tētahi putanga o te "raruraru e pai haere ana" te "oranga e hiahiatia ana e rātou." He rite tēnei ki te kaupapa tohutohu e arotahi ana ki te otinga, e neke ana i te aro mai i te raruraru ki ngā mahi hei whakarerekē.
Whāinga: hanga tumanako, whāinga tūturu, me ngā mahere mō te whakatau i ngā raruraru.
Ka taea e te kaiārahi te whakamutu i te wānanga me te pātai: "Mai i tēnei pikitia, he aha te hikoinga iti ka taea e koe te mahi i tēnei wiki?"
Te Tūranga o ngā Kaitohutohu i roto i te Whakaora Toi
He kaiāwhina te kaiārahi, ehara i te kaiwhakawā mō te mahi. Ko tā rātou mahi he pupuri i te tukanga kia haumaru, kia whai tikanga hoki: te whakarite i ngā rauemi māmā (pepa, pene tae, māka), te whakarato tohutohu mārama engari ngāwari, kātahi ka tukatuka i ngā wheako a te kiritaki mā te kōrero whakaaroaro. Me aro hoki te kaiārahi ki te mea kei te whakaoho te mahi i ngā kare ā-roto kaha; ki te tika, whakamahia ngā tikanga whakatau pēnei i te manawa, te whakatū whenua, te okioki rānei.
Te Katinga
Mā ngā tikanga tohutohu e whakamahi ana i te whakaora toi ka tukuna he huarahi auaha, haumaru, me te whai hua hei āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te whakapuaki i a rātou anō, ki te tukatuka i ngā kare ā-roto, me te whakawhanake i ngā māramatanga hou mō ō rātou wheako oranga. Mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga pēnei i te tuhi āhua-kore, te whakapiri tuakiri, te huna-ā-koe, me ngā whakaahua haumaru, ka taea e ngā kaitohutohu te whakarite i ngā wawaotanga ki ngā hiahia me te tuakiri o te kiritaki. Hei whakamutunga, e whakanui ana te whakaora toi kāore te whakaora e tīmata tonu ki ngā kupu—i ētahi wā ka tīmata ki ngā rārangi, tae, me ngā tohu māmā, engari he whai tikanga.
