He Whai Hua te Tohutohu Ipurangi?
He whanaketanga nui te tohutohu ipurangi i roto i te hinengaro me te hauora hinengaro i tēnei ao matihiko. Nā te piki haere o te urunga ipurangi me te hangarau, ko te rongoā, i mua ko ngā wā kanohi ki te kanohi anake, ka taea te uru atu i hea, i ngā wā katoa. Heoi, ko tētahi pātai e pātaihia pinepinetia ana, "He tino whai hua te tohutohu ipurangi?" Ka arotakehia e tēnei tuhinga te whai huatanga o te tohutohu ipurangi i runga i ngā rangahau me ngā wheako mahi.
He Kupu Whakataki ki te Tohutohu Ipurangi
Ko te tohutohu tuihono, te tohutohu-e rānei, he momo tohutohu e whakahaerehia ana i runga i te ipurangi mā te whakamahi i ngā tūāpapa maha pērā i ngā waea ataata, te kōrerorero, te īmēra, tae atu ki ngā taupānga motuhake. Mā tēnei ka taea e ngā kaiwhakaora hinengaro me ngā kiritaki te taunekeneke me te kore e noho i te wāhi kotahi. Ka taea e ngā ratonga tohutohu tuihono te whakauru atu ki ngā wā takitahi me te whakaora i ngā tāne me ngā wāhine ki te whakaora rōpū.
Ngā Painga o te Tohutohu Ipurangi
1. Te Wātea
Ko tētahi o ngā painga matua o te ratonga tohutohu ipurangi ko te ngāwari o te uru atu. He maha ngā tāngata e noho ana i ngā rohe tūmatanui, kāore rānei i te ngāwari te uru atu ki ngā ratonga hauora hinengaro, ka whai hua mai i te ratonga tohutohu ipurangi. He pai hoki tēnei mō te hunga he iti te nekehanga, he iti rānei te kaha tinana e uaua ai te haere ki te tari o te kaiwhakaora hinengaro.
2. Ngāwari o te Wā
Mā te ratonga tohutohu ipurangi, ka taea e ngā kiritaki me ngā kaiwhakaora te whakarite i ngā wā whakaora i ngā wā ngāwari ake. Mā tēnei ka taea tonu e te hunga pukumahi, he whānau rānei ā rātou mahi, te whiwhi ratonga whakaora me te kore e whakararu i ētahi atu wā nui.
3. Te Whakangāwari me te Tūmataitinga
He maha ngā tūroro e pai ake ana ki te whakapuaki i ō rātou whakaaro i roto i tō rātou ake taiao, pērā i te kāinga. Mā tēnei ka whai hua ake te tukanga whakaora nā te mea ka noho haumaru ake te tūroro, ā, ka tiakina pai ake tō rātou tūmataitinga.
4. Te Whai Hua o te Utu
He iti ake te utu o te ratonga tohutohu tuihono i te ratonga tohutohu kanohi ki te kanohi nā te mea ka whakaitihia te utu mō te kawe waka, ā, i ētahi wā ka whakaitihia te utu mō te wā tonu. Kei ētahi tūāpapa anō hoki ngā mōkihi ohaurunga hei āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te penapena moni.
5. He Whānui ake te Kōwhiringa o ngā Kaiwhakaora
Mā te ratonga tohutohu ipurangi, ka taea e ngā kiritaki te toro atu ki ngā kaiwhakaora hinengaro o te ao katoa. Mā tēnei ka taea e rātou te kimi i tētahi kaiwhakaora hinengaro e tika ana mō ā rātou hiahia, e pā ana ki te tohungatanga me te huarahi whakaora.
Ngā Here o te Tohutohu Ipurangi
1. Ngā ngoikoretanga o te hangarau
Ko tētahi o ngā wero nui o te ratonga tohutohu ipurangi ko ngā take hangarau pēnei i te kore pumau o te hononga ipurangi, te kore rānei o ngā taputapu e tika ana. Ka taea e ēnei hapa hangarau te whakararuraru i te wā whakaora me te whakaiti i tōna whai huatanga.
2. Te Kore o te Aroaro Tinana
Kei roto i ngā taunekeneke kanohi ki te kanohi ngā āhuatanga kore-waha e tino hira ana ki te tukanga whakaora, pērā i te reo tinana me ngā āhua o te kanohi. Ahakoa ka taea e ngā waea ataata te kawe i ētahi o ēnei āhuatanga, kei reira tonu ngā herenga ki te mārama katoa ki ngā kare ā-roto me ngā kare ā-roto.
3. Te Haumarutanga me te Tūmataitinga Raraunga
Ahakoa he maha ngā tūāpapa tohutohu ipurangi e mau ana i te whakamunatanga me ētahi atu āhuatanga haumarutanga, kei te mau tonu te mōrearea o te takahi raraunga. Me tino pupuri te tūmataitinga me te noho muna o ngā mōhiohio a te kiritaki, ā, me tino whakawhirinaki ki te tūāpapa hangarau e whakamahia ana.
4. Te Whakahaere Āhuatanga Raruraru
I ngā wā ohorere, i ngā wā pōrearea rānei, kāore pea te ratonga tohutohu tuihono e whai hua i te ratonga tohutohu kanohi ki te kanohi. Tērā pea ka uaua ki ngā kaiwhakaora hinengaro kāore i te wāhi kotahi te whakarato i ngā wawaotanga e tika ana i ngā wā e hiahia ana kia tere, kia tūturu hoki te urupare.
Rangahau mō te Whai Huatanga o te Tohutohu Ipurangi
He maha ngā rangahau kua mahia hei aromatawai i te whai huatanga o te tohutohu tuihono. I whakaatuhia e tētahi tātaritanga whānui i whakaputaina i roto i te Journal of Affective Disorders (2019) he rite te whai huatanga o te tohutohu tuihono ki te tohutohu kanohi ki te kanohi ki te rongoā i ngā momo raruraru hauora hinengaro pēnei i te pouri, te manukanuka, me te PTSD. I kohikohia e tēnei rangahau ngā raraunga mai i ngā rangahau maha e whakaatu ana he rite ngā hua o ngā wawaotanga tuihono ki te rongoā tuku iho.
I kitea i roto i tētahi atu rangahau i whakaputaina i roto i te Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare (2020) he pai, he whakamīharo hoki ngā hua o te ratonga tohutohu ipurangi mō te tini o ngā kiritaki, inā koa i te whakamahi i ngā papaaho ataata e āhei ai te taunekeneke kanohi ki te kanohi mariko. I kōrero ngā kiritaki he nui ake te hononga ki ā rātou kaiwhakaora hinengaro, ā, tata rite tonu te pai o te wheako ki te ratonga tohutohu tuku iho.
Heoi anō, e whakaatu ana hoki ngā rangahau ko te angitu o te tohutohu tuihono e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo raruraru e arohia ana. Ko ngā mate uaua ake, ko ngā mate rānei e hiahia ana ki te wawaotanga hauora, me whai huarahi whakakotahi pea, tae atu ki ngā wā kanohi ki te kanohi.
Whakamutunga
I runga i ngā painga me ngā herenga, me ngā kitenga rangahau o nāianei, ka taea te whakatau ko te tohutohu ipurangi he huarahi whai hua, he huarahi whai mana hoki mō te tini o te tangata. Ko te whai huatanga o te tohutohu ipurangi e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā hiahia o te tangata takitahi, te momo raruraru e arohia ana, me te kounga o te taunekeneke i waenga i te kiritaki me te kaiwhakaora hinengaro.
Mō te hunga kāore i te tino uru atu ki ngā ratonga kanohi ki te kanohi, e pai ake ana rānei ki ngā papaaho matihiko, he otinga tino āwhina te tohutohu ipurangi. Heoi, he mea nui kia mahara ehara i te otinga whānui mō ngā āhuatanga hauora hinengaro katoa. He mea nui te mahi tahi me te aromatawai takitahi a ngā kaiwhakaora hinengaro hei whakatau i te huarahi rongoā tino tika.
Hei whakamutunga, ko te kaupapa o te tohutohu, ahakoa ipurangi, kanohi ki te kanohi rānei, he kotahi te whāinga: te āwhina i ngā tāngata takitahi kia eke ki te oranga hinengaro. I te whanaketanga tonu o te hangarau me ngā tikanga o te tohutohu hiko, e tūmanakohia ana ka piki haere tonu te kounga me te wātea o ēnei ratonga, ka nui ake ngā whai wāhitanga mō te tangata ki te whiwhi i te tautoko hinengaro e hiahiatia ana e rātou.
Tohutoro:
1. Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., & Hadjistavropoulos, H.D. (2019). Te rongoā whanonga hinengaro e ahu mai ana i te Ipurangi mō te pouri nui: He whakamātautau matapōkeretia whakahaeretia. Journal of Affective Disorders, 213, 76-84.
2. Gentry, MT, Lapid, MI, Rummans, TA (2019). Te telepsychiatry mō ngā kaumātua: Arotake pūnaha me te urupare ki ngā wero hauora hou. Clinical Gerontologist, 42(2), 220-230.
3. Richards, D., & Richardson, T. (2012). Ngā maimoatanga hinengaro rorohiko mō te pouri: He arotake pūnaha me te tātaritanga whānui. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(4), 329-342.
