Huarahi Hinengaro-tātari i roto i te Tohutohu
Ko te huarahi hinengaro-tātari he tūāpapa matua i roto i te hinengaro me te tohutohu mai i te wā i whakaurua tuatahitia ai e Sigmund Freud i te tīmatanga o te rautau 20. I ahu mai i te whakaaro kei raro i te mata o te hinengaro o te tangata te nuinga o te hinengaro tangata, ka tukuna e tēnei huarahi he maha ngā tikanga me ngā tikanga hei tūhura, hei mārama, hei whakatika hoki i ngā raruraru hinengaro.
Hītori me te Pūtake o te Hinengaroaro
I puta mai te tātaritanga hinengaro i te ngana a Freud ki te mārama ki ngā mate hinengaro mā te huarahi rerekē i ngā tikanga hauora tuku iho. I runga i te tirohanga he maha ngā āhuatanga o te hinengaro tangata e mahi ana i raro i te taumata o te hinengaro, ka tirotirohia e te tātaritanga hinengaro te awe o ngā wheako o te tamarikitanga, ngā pakanga o roto, me ngā tikanga tiaki i te whanonga me te oranga kare ā-roto o te tangata.
E ai ki a Freud, e toru ngā wāhanga matua o te hinengaro tangata: te id, te ego, me te superego. Ko te id te wāhanga ā-hinengaro me te taketake e whai ana i te makona wawe; ko te ego te takawaenga tūturu e mahi ana ki te whakataurite i ngā hihiri o te id me te ao o waho; ā, ko te superego te wāhanga o te hinengaro e whakauru ana i ngā tikanga matatika me ngā tikanga. Ko te pakanga i waenga i ēnei wāhanga e toru he pūtake o te taumahatanga hinengaro.
Ngā Mātāpono Matua o te Huarahi Hinengaro-tātari
1. Te Hinengaro me te Kore Hinengaro: Ko tētahi o ngā kaupapa matua o te tātaritanga hinengaro ko te nuinga o ngā hihiri me ngā raruraru hinengaro o te tangata e ahu mai ana i te kore hinengaro. Ko ngā moemoeā, ko ngā paheke o te arero, me ngā tohu neurotic e kiia ana he tohu ki ēnei whakaaro me ngā kare ā-roto huna.
2. Hononga Koreutu: Ko te tikanga hononga koreutu e uru ana ki te kōrero a ngā kiritaki i ngā mea katoa e puta ake ana ki ō rātou hinengaro, me te kore he aukati. Ko te whāinga he whakaatu i ngā ihirangi o ō rātou hinengaro huna, kia tautuhia ai, kia mārama ai hoki ki ngā pakanga me ngā taumahatanga o roto e whai wāhi ana ki ō rātou raruraru.
3. Tātari Moemoeā: I whakapono a Freud ko ngā moemoeā he ara ki te ao ngaro. Mā te tātari i ngā tohu me ngā mea huna o ngā moemoeā, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakaora hinengaro te mārama ki ngā tumanako, ngā wehi, me ngā hiahia huna o ngā kiritaki.
4. Te Whakawhiti me te Whakawhiti-ā-Whaiaro: Ko te whakawhiti-ā-whaiaro e pā ana ki te ia o ngā kiritaki ki te whakaatu i ō rātou kare ā-roto me ō rātou waiaro ki ētahi atu tāngata nui i roto i ō rātou oranga i a rātou e kōrero ana ki te kaiwhakaora hinengaro. Ko te Whakawhiti-ā-Whaiaro ko te tauhohenga kare ā-roto a te kaiwhakaora hinengaro ki te kiritaki, ka taea te whakamahi hei taputapu hei mārama ki ngā whanaungatanga o te kiritaki.
Te Whakamahinga o te Huarahi Hinengaro-tātari i roto i te Tohutohu
I roto i te mahi tohutohu, ka whakamahia he huarahi hinengaro-tātari hei āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te mārama ki ngā pūtake o ō rātou mamae kare ā-roto me ā rātou whanonga. Ka tīmata tēnei tukanga mā te aromatawai whānui i te hītori o te oranga o te kiritaki, tae atu ki ngā wheako o te tamarikitanga, ngā whanaungatanga whānau, me ngā whara o mua.
1. Te Tūhuratanga o te Tamarikitanga me ngā Wheako o Mua:
Mā te huarahi hinengaro-tātari ka whakanuia te hiranga o ngā wheako o te tamarikitanga hei hanga i ngā whanonga me ngā whakapono o te tangata i te pakeketanga. Ka āwhina ngā kaiwhakaora hinengaro-tātari i ngā kiritaki ki te tūhura me te mārama ki te pānga nui o ngā whanaungatanga tōmua, pērā i ngā whanaungatanga ki ngā mātua, ki ngā tuākana, teina rānei, ki tō rātou whanaketanga kare ā-roto.
2. Te Whakamārama me te Māramatanga:
Ko te nuinga o ngā wā whakawākanga kōrero e aro ana ki te whakamārama me te whakawhanake i te māramatanga. Ka whakamahia e ngā kaiwhakaora hinengaro ngā tikanga maha, pērā i te hononga kore utu me te tātari moemoeā, hei āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te hura i ō rātou kaupapa huna me ngā tauira whanonga. Mā te whiwhi i tēnei māramatanga, ka taea e ngā kiritaki te tīmata ki te mārama ki ngā pūtake me ngā take kei muri i ō rātou uauatanga, ā, ka taea hoki e tēnei te āwhina i te tukanga whakaora.
3. Te Mahi me te Whakawhiti:
Ko te whakawhiti, te tukanga e tukuna ai e ngā kiritaki ō rātou kare ā-roto me ō rātou waiaro ki ngā tāngata nui o mua ki te kaiwhakaora hinengaro, e kiia ana he taputapu tino whai hua i roto i te whakaora hinengaro. Mā te mārama me te mahi i roto i te whakawhiti, ka taea e ngā kiritaki te whakatau i ngā pakanga roa me ngā tauira whanaungatanga koretake.
4. Te Whakamahinga o ngā Tikanga Tiaki:
I tautuhia e Freud he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e te tangata ngā tikanga tiaki hei tiaki i a rātou anō mai i ngā āhuatanga mamae, taumaha rānei. Ko ngā tikanga pēnei i te pehi, te whakaata, me te nekehanga ka whakamahia hei karo i ngā whakaaro mamae, i ngā kare ā-roto rānei. I roto i te kaupapa tohutohu hinengaro, ka āwhina ngā kaiwhakaora hinengaro i ngā kiritaki ki te tautuhi me te mārama ki te mahi a ēnei tikanga i roto i ō rātou oranga, kia taea ai e rātou te aro atu me te whakatau i ngā kare ā-roto uaua.
Ngā Painga me ngā Huakore o te Huarahi Psychoanalytic
Te nui rawa:
1. Whānui, Hōhonu hoki: Mā tēnei huarahi ka mārama hōhonu ki ngā āhuatanga hinengaro o te tangata, mā te tirotiro i ngā pūtake o ngā raruraru tae noa ki ō rātou pūtake hinengaro hōhonu.
2. Te Arotahi ki ngā Wheako o Mua: I te mea he mea nui te tamarikitanga ki te hanga i ngā whanonga pakeke, mā te mārama ki ngā wheako o mua ka āwhina i te whakatau i ngā raruraru hohonu kua pūmau.
3. Huarahi Ngāwari: Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tikanga tātari hinengaro ki ngā momo raruraru hinengaro, mai i ngā mate manukanuka me te pouri ki ngā mate tuakiri.
Te korenga:
1. He roa te wā e pau ana: He roa te wā e pau ana i te tukanga tātaritanga hinengaro. Tērā pea ka hiahiatia e ngā kiritaki he tau o te rongoā hei whakatutuki i te māramatanga hōhonu me te whakatau i ngā pakanga o roto.
2. Te Utu Nui: Nā te roa o te wā, he tino utu nui te ratonga tohutohu hinengaro, ā, kāore pea e taea e te katoa te utu.
3. Te Kore o ngā Taunakitanga Pūtaiao: Ahakoa he maha ngā ariā hinengaro-tātari kua awe i te ao hinengaro, kāore ētahi tikanga me ngā ariā e tautokona ana e ngā taunakitanga pūtaiao pakari.
Whakamutunga
Ko te huarahi hinengaro-tātari ki te tohutohu he taputapu hōhonu, whānui hoki mō te mārama me te aro atu ki ngā take hinengaro. Ahakoa ētahi ngoikoretanga, he mea nui tonu tēnei huarahi i roto i te hinengaro me te rongoā. Mā te tūhura i te hinengaro kore mohio, te tautuhi i ngā pūtake o te taumahatanga o mua, me te mahi i roto i ngā whanaungatanga uaua, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakaora hinengaro-tātari te āwhina i ngā kiritaki kia nui ake te māramatanga ki a rātou anō me te oranga hinengaro. Mō te tini o ngā tāngata, ka whakaratohia e tēnei huarahi he ara whai tikanga ki te whakaora me te māramatanga whānui ake mō rātou anō.
