Me pēhea te tautuhi i ngā raruraru a te kiritaki i roto i te kaupapa tohutohu
I roto i te mahi tohutohu, ko tētahi o ngā mahi matua a te kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro ko te tautuhi i ngā raruraru e pā ana ki ngā kiritaki. Ko te mārama hohonu ki ngā take a te kiritaki he taahiraa tuatahi nui hei whakarite kia whai hua te tukanga tohutohu, kia puta ai hoki he huringa pai. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā huarahi hei tautuhi i ngā raruraru a te kiritaki i roto i te mahi tohutohu, tae atu ki ngā wāhanga o te tirotiro, te whakamahinga o ngā tikanga uiui, te whakamahinga o ngā tikanga tātaritanga, me te tātari i ngā āhuatanga hinengaro, pāpori, me te taiao.
Pendahuluan
He tukanga hinengaro te tohutohu e mahi tahi ana te kaitohutohu me te kiritaki ki te mārama me te aro atu ki ngā take hinengaro, kare ā-roto rānei. Ka uru atu pea ēnei take ki te ahotea, te manukanuka, te pouri, ngā raruraru whanaungatanga, me ētahi atu uauatanga o te ao. He taahiraa tuatahi nui te mārama ki te pūtake o te raruraru. Ki te kore e tika te tautuhi, kāore pea he hua o ngā wawaotanga, kāore rānei e whai hua.
Ngā Wāhanga Tirotiro
He tukanga taketake te mātakitaki hei tautuhi i ngā raruraru a te kiritaki. Mā te mātakitaki i ngā whanonga a te kiritaki, ngā āhua o te kanohi, te reo tinana, me te reo o te reo, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro te whiwhi i te nui o ngā mōhiotanga nui. He maha ngā āhuatanga hei whakaaroaro i te wā o te mātakitaki:
1. Ngā Āhuatanga Kanohi me te Reo Tinana: He maha ngā wā, ko te āhua me ngā nekehanga o te kiritaki ka taea te whakaatu i ō rātou kare ā-roto pono. Hei tauira, ko te kanohi mārō ka tohu i te manukanuka, i te ahotea rānei.
2. Te Reo o te Reo: He tohu pea te reo pōuri, te reo iti rānei o te reo mō te pouri, te ngakaukore rānei. I tetahi atu taha, he tohu pea te reo teitei, te reo koretake, i te manukanuka.
3. Whanoke Whānui: Ko ngā panonitanga o ngā whanonga, pērā i te wehe atu i ngā taunekeneke pāpori, te panoni rānei i ngā tikanga moe me te kai, he tohu pea tēnei o tētahi raruraru hohonu ake.
Te Whakamahinga o ngā Tikanga Uiui
Ko ngā uiui he tikanga matua i roto i te mahi tohutohu hei kohikohi kōrero tika mai i ngā kiritaki. He maha ngā huarahi uiui ka taea te whakamahi:
1. Uiuitanga Hanganga: I roto i tēnei uiuinga, kua whakaritea kētia e te kaiārahi he rārangi pātai. Mā tēnei whakatakotoranga ka āwhina kia kapi katoa ngā kaupapa nui, engari ka taea te tino pakari, te uaua hoki mō te tūhuratanga hōhonu o ngā take.
2. Uiui Āhua-Hanganga: He ngāwari ake tēnei momo uiui, me te whakakotahitanga o ngā pātai kua whakaritea i mua, me te whai wāhi ki te keri hohonu ake i runga i ngā whakautu a te kiritaki.
3. Uiuitanga Kore Hanganga: He ngāwari ake te rere o tēnei huarahi, ā, ka taea e te kiritaki te ārahi i te rere o te kōrero. He iti noa te tohutohu a te kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro, ā, he kaiwhakarongo kaha ake tana mahi.
I roto i ngā momo uiuinga katoa, he mea nui kia pātai te kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro i ngā pātai tuwhera, pērā i te "He aha ō whakaaro mō tēnei āhuatanga?" me te "Ka taea e koe te kōrero mai i ētahi atu mō taua wheako?" Mā ngā pātai tuwhera ka taea e te kiritaki te whakarato i ngā whakautu hōhonu, tino whānui hoki.
Te Whakamahinga o ngā Tikanga Tātaritanga
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā tikanga tātaritanga hei tautuhi i ngā raruraru uaua ake. Ko ētahi o ngā tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko:
1. Whakamātautau Hinengaro: Ka taea e ngā whakamātautau pēnei i te Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) me te Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) te whakarato i ngā tohu mō te āhua hinengaro o te kiritaki.
2. Tauine Aromatawai: Ka taea e ngā kaitohutohu te whakamahi i ngā tauine hei ine i ngā taumata o te manukanuka, te pouri, te ahotea, me ētahi atu tohu e pā ana ki te āhua o te kiritaki.
3. Hītori Hauora: Mā te tūhura i te hītori hauora hinengaro o te kiritaki, tae atu ki ngā raruraru o mua me ngā wawaotanga kua mahia, ka āwhina i te kaitohutohu ki te mārama ki te horopaki o te raruraru o nāianei.
Te Tātari i ngā Take Hinengaro
I muri i te kohikohi raraunga mā te tirotiro, te uiui, me ngā tikanga tātaritanga, me tātari e ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro ngā āhuatanga hinengaro e raru ai te kiritaki. Anei ētahi āhuatanga hei whakaaroaro:
1. Āhua o te Hinengaro: Ko ngā kare ā-roto o te manukanuka, te pouri, te riri, te pōuri rānei, he tohu pea ēnei o tētahi raruraru hohonu ake. Me whai ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro ki te mārama ki te putanga mai o ēnei kare ā-roto me ngā mea e whakaoho ana i aua kare ā-roto.
2. Ngā Tauira Whakaaro: Ko ngā tauira whakaaro kino, whakaaro koretake rānei, pērā i te whakaaro he iti iho koe i ētahi atu, te whakaaro koretake rānei, he maha ngā wā ka puta ko ngā raruraru hinengaro. He tino āwhina te tautuhi me te whakarerekē i ēnei tauira whakaaro ki te whakatika i te raruraru.
3. Ngā Tikanga Whakatutuki: He mea nui anō hoki te āhua o te whakatau a ngā kiritaki i te ahotea me ngā wero o te ao. Ko ngā tikanga whakatikatika koretake, pērā i te karo i ngā raruraru, te whakamahi rānei i ngā matū whakawara, ka kino ake te āhua.
Te Tātari i ngā Take Hapori me te Taiao
Kāore e ranea ngā āhuatanga hinengaro anake hei mārama whānui i ngā raruraru o te kiritaki; me whai whakaaro anō hoki ki ngā āhuatanga pāpori me te taiao. Anei ētahi āhuatanga hei tātari:
1. Ngā Hononga Tangata: He maha ngā wā ka puta te ahotea me te manukanuka i roto i ngā raruraru whānau, ngā whanaungatanga hoahoa, ngā whanaungatanga mahi rānei. Mā te tātari i ngā āhuatanga o ēnei whanaungatanga ka taea te whakamārama i ngā take matua.
2. Taiao Pāpori: Ka taea e te tautoko pāpori kaha te āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te wikitoria i ngā raruraru, engari ka taea e te taiao pāpori kore tautoko te whakararu i ngā āhuatanga hinengaro.
3. Ngā Take Ōhanga me ngā Take Ahurea: Ka pā pea ngā āhuatanga ōhanga pēnei i te raruraru pūtea, te kore mahi rānei, tae atu ki ngā take ahurea pēnei i te whakahāwea, te pēhanga pāpori rānei, ki te hauora hinengaro.
Whakamutunga
He tukanga uaua te tautuhi i ngā raruraru a te kiritaki i roto i te kaupapa tohutohu, e hiahia ana ki ngā pūkenga tirotiro, ngā pūkenga uiui, te whakamahi i ngā whakamātautau tātaritanga, me te tātari i ngā āhuatanga hinengaro, pāpori, me te taiao. Me whakahaere tēnei tukanga me te aroha me te tohungatanga kia tino mārama ai te kaitohutohu ki ngā raruraru a te kiritaki, ā, kia taea ai e ia te whakarato i ngā wawaotanga tika.
Me whakawhanake tonu hoki ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro i ō rātou pūkenga me ō rātou mōhiotanga mā te whakangungu me te wheako, me te urutau tonu ki ngā kiritaki e mahi tahi ana rātou. Mā tēnei ka whai hua ake te tukanga tautuhi i ngā raruraru a te kiritaki, ā, ka whakarato i tētahi turanga pakari mō ngā wawaotanga angitu.
