Te Ariā o te Tika E ai ki a Plato Ko te tika tētahi o ngā kaupapa nui rawa atu i roto i te rapunga whakaaro tōrangapū me ngā tikanga matatika o te Hauāuru, ā, ko Plato te tangata nāna i whakatakoto te turanga mō te matapakinga matarohia o tēnei ariā. I roto i tana mahi matua, Politeia (Republic), ka pātai a Plato ehara i te mea ko "he aha te tika?" engari ko "he aha me mahi tika te tangata?" me "me pēhea te whakatutuki i te tika... Pānuihia atu
Ngā Whakaaro o George Berkeley mō te Whakaaro Pai Ko George Berkeley (1685–1753) tētahi o ngā tohunga whakaaro whai mana nui i roto i te hītori o te rapunga whakaaro hou. E mōhiotia whānuitia ana ia mō te whakawhanake i tētahi momo whakaaro pai motuhake, e kiia ana ko te kore-rawa, ko te whakaaro pai whaiaro rānei. Ki tā Berkeley, ko te mooni he hinengaro taketake: ko tā tātou e kī nei ko "ngā mea" kāore e noho hei mea motuhake mai i... Pānuihia atu
Ngā Takoha a Voltaire ki te Rapunga Whakaaro Ko Voltaire (1694–1778) tētahi o ngā tino tangata whai mana o te Wā Māramatanga o Ūropi. Ko tōna ingoa tūturu ko François-Marie Arouet, engari i mōhiotia whānuitia ia ko te ingoa pene "Voltaire," i muri mai ka waiho hei tohu mō te maia hinengaro, te whakahē koi i te mana tukino, me te tiaki i te herekoretanga o te whakaaro. Ahakoa e kiia ana a Voltaire he "tohunga whakaaro pūnaha" pērā i... Pānuihia atu
Te Mārama ki te Hedonism i roto i ngā Tikanga Matatika Ko te hedonism tētahi o ngā kupu e whakamahia whānuitia ana ina kōrerohia te "oranga pai," te "rapu i te ahuareka," te "whai i te ahuareka." I roto i ngā kōrero o ia rā, he maha ngā wā ka māramahia te hedonism ki te taha kino: he rite ki te momo noho kaihoko, ngā pāti, te whakapaipai, me te waiaro "mēnā kei te harikoa koe". Heoi, i roto i ngā rangahau whakaaro, inā koa i roto i ngā tikanga matatika, he rerekē te tikanga o te hedonism... Pānuihia atu
Te Whakaaro Matatau a Confucius Ko te whakaaro matatau a Confucius (Kongzi, 551–479 BC) tētahi o ngā taonga hinengaro tino whai mana i roto i te hītori o Āhia ki te Rawhiti. Ehara i te mea he tangata mātauranga me te matatika noa iho ia, engari he kaihanga tirohanga anō hoki mō te āhua o te noho a te tangata, te whanaungatanga tetahi ki tetahi, me te hanga i tētahi tikanga pāpori pai. I roto i te tikanga a Confucius, kāore te rapunga whakaaro e māramahia he whakaaro noa iho, engari he… Pānuihia atu
Te Matapūtaiao me te Ariā o te Oranga Ko te Matapūtaiao he peka o te rapunga whakaaro e pātai ana i ngā pātai tino nui mō te ao tūturu: he aha te mea e noho tūturu ana, me pēhea te "noho" o tētahi mea, me te aha hoki e mau tonu ai tētahi mea i roto i te wā. Ahakoa ko ngā pūtaiao motuhake pēnei i te ahupūngao, te koiora, te hinengaro rānei e ako ana i ngā wāhanga motuhake o te ao mā te tirotiro me te whakamātautau, … Pānuihia atu
Te Herekore me te Whakataunga e ai ki a Sartre Ko te pātai mēnā he tino herekore te tangata, he mea whakatau rānei e ngā āhuatanga o waho, ko tētahi o ngā tautohetohe tawhito rawa atu i roto i te rapunga whakaaro. I tētahi taha, e kī ana te whakataunga ko ngā mahi a te tangata he hua o tētahi mekameka o ngā take me ngā pānga: ngā āhuatanga koiora, te mātauranga, te ahurea, tae noa ki ngā hanganga ōhanga. I tētahi atu taha, e kī ana te ariā o te herekore… Pānuihia atu
Te Ariā o te Karaipiture i roto i te Rapunga Whakaaro He maha ngā wā ka tirohia te karaipiture me te rapunga whakaaro hei mara e rua e haere tahi ana, engari kei te taupatupatu tetahi ki tetahi. Ko te karaipiture e mārama whānuitia ana ko te whakaaroaro whakaaro nui ki te Atua, ki te whakapono, ki te whakakitenga, me te whanaungatanga o te tangata ki te atua. I taua wā, ko te rapunga whakaaro ko te rangahau arohaehae me te pūnaha o te mooni, te mātauranga, ngā uara, me te tikanga o te ora mā te whakaaro nui. Ina … Pānuihia atu
Te Rapunga Whakaaro o Hume mō te Whakapono Ko David Hume (1711–1776) tētahi o ngā tohunga whakaaro whai mana nui i roto i te tikanga o te whakapono Ingarihi. E mōhiotia ana ia mō tana whakahē i ngā kereme i tua atu i ngā wheako ā-pārongo, me tana tātaritanga koi mō te mahi a te mātauranga tangata. I roto i te horopaki o te whakapono, ka pānuitia te whakaaro o Hume hei arotakenga whakaaro nui mō ngā tautohetohe whaitake mō te noho o te Atua, te mōhiotanga ki… Pānuihia atu
Te Ariā o te Tika Hapori a John Rawls Ko John Rawls (1921–2002) tētahi o ngā tohunga whakaaro tōrangapū whai mana nui o te rautau 20. Nā tana mahi, inā koa ko te A Theory of Justice (1971), i whakaora anō i te tikanga o te rapunga whakaaro tōrangapū paerewa, i mua ko ngā huarahi ōhanga whai hua me te oranga. I tukuna e Rawls tētahi huarahi whakaaro mō te tika hapori kāore i te tatau noa i te harikoa katoa engari i whakaritea… Pānuihia atu