Nietzsche me te Ariā o te Hiahia ki te Mana
Ko Friedrich Nietzsche tētahi o ngā tohunga whakaaro tino whakaohooho, tino tautohenga hoki o te rautau 19. Nā ōna tirohanga matatika i whakahē rawa ngā tikanga matatika, mātauranga hinengaro, me te matatika o te Hauāuru kua whakatūria. Ko tētahi o ngā ariā matua i puta mai i tana whakaaro ko te ariā o te "Hiahia ki te Mana" (der Wille zur Macht), he mea nui te pānga ki ngā momo mara hinengaro, tae atu ki te rapunga whakaaro, te hinengaro, te tōrangapū, me ngā toi. Ka tirotirohia e tēnei tuhinga tēnei ariā, me te ngana ki te mārama ki tōna tikanga me ōna pānga, me tōna pānga ki te ao o nāianei.
Papamuri Whakaaroaro
I te wā i puta ake ai a Nietzsche hei tohunga whakaaro, i pāngia a Ūropi e ngā huringa nui o te whakaaro me te ahurea. He wero nui te ao hou ki ngā hanganga pāpori me ngā hanganga whakapono tuku iho. I kite a Nietzsche kei te tīmata te hinga o te matatika Karaitiana, te turanga wairua me te matatika o Ūropi mō ngā rautau.
I a ia e whakahē ana i te kaupapa matua, i whakakahoretia e Nietzsche ngā momo whakapono me ngā kōrero nunui katoa i whakaponohia e ia he aukati i te herekoretanga takitahi me te auahatanga o te tangata. Ko tētahi o ana arotake rongonui ko te ariā o te "Matenga o te Atua" (Gott ist tot), he kōrero e whakahē ana i te ngaronga o ngā uara tuturu me ngā whakapono matatika e mau ana i roto i te Karaitianatanga.
Te Hiahia ki te Mana: Te Whakamārama me te Tikanga Taketake
Ko te Hiahia ki te Mana tētahi o ngā ariā tino nui o te rapunga whakaaro a Nietzsche, ā, e pā ana ki te hihiri taketake, tata ki te taketake, e akiaki ana i ngā mea ora katoa. Ehara i te mea ko te hiahia noa ki te mana i roto i te tikanga tōrangapū, i te tikanga tinana rānei; e kapi ana i te whai i te pūmanawa whaiaro, te whakatutukitanga o te kaha ora, te auahatanga, me te whakaū i a ia anō.
I tautohe a Nietzsche ko ngā mea ora katoa, ahakoa te tangata, ahakoa te tangata, e ārahihia ana e tēnei hihiri. I te wā i whakamārama ai a Charles Darwin i te whanaketanga mā te kōwhiringa taiao me te oranga tonutanga o te hunga tino pai, i whakahōhonu ake a Nietzsche i tēnei whakaaro mā te tautohe ko te oranga tonutanga ehara i te mea ko te oranga anake te whāinga engari ko te whakawhanake, ko te auahatanga, me te whakanui ake i tōna pūmanawa.
Arotake i ngā Tikanga Matatika Tuku Iho
I roto i te horopaki o te arotake i ngā tikanga matatika tuku iho, ko te Hiahia ki te Mana he whakakapi mō ngā pūnaha tikanga matatika tuku iho e whakatairanga ana i te ōritetanga, te ngākau mahaki, me te ngohengohe. E kite ana a Nietzsche i ngā tikanga matatika tuku iho, inā koa ko ngā tikanga matatika Karaitiana, hei momo "tikanga pononga" (Sklavenmoral), e pehi ana i ngā hiahia me te ora o te tangata hei tautoko i ngā uara e whakatairanga ana i te ngākau mahaki me te ngohengohe.
E ai ki a Nietzsche, ka taupatupatu ēnei uara matatika tuku iho ki te Hiahia ki te Mana nā te mea ka ārai i te tangata kia eke ki tōna pūmanawa katoa me tōna hiranga. Kātahi ka whakanui a Nietzsche i tāna i kī ai ko te "matatika rangatira" (Herrenmoral), e whakatairanga ana i te maia, te whakapehapeha, te auahatanga, me te kaha o te hiahia ki te whakaū i a ia anō.
Ubermensch (Tangata o Runga)
Ko te kupu Ubermensch, e whakamaoritia ana ko "Overman" ko "Superman" rānei, he ariā Nietzschean anō e hono tata ana ki te Hiahia ki te Mana. Ko te Ubermensch he momo tangata tino pai kua hipa ake i ngā uara matatika tuku iho, ā, e arahina katoatia ana e te Hiahia ki te Mana. Ki tā Nietzsche, kāore tēnei tangata e herea e ngā tikanga me ngā uara o waho engari ka hangaia e ia he mea hou e ai ki tana ake hiahia.
Ko te Ubermensch e tohu ana i te herekoretanga nui me ngā mea ka taea te whakatutuki ina tino kitea te Hiahia ki te Mana. Koinei te āhua teitei rawa o te oranga tangata, e whai ana ki te pakaru i ngā herenga, ki te whakakore i te tikanga kua whakatūria, me te hanga hou tonu i a ia anō.
Te Whakamahinga i roto i te Hinengaro
I awehia a Sigmund Freud rāua ko Carl Jung, he tokorua rongonui o te hinengaro, e ngā whakaaro o Nietzsche, ahakoa he rerekē ā rāua huarahi ki aua whakaaro. I kite a Freud i te Hiahia ki te Mana hei wāhanga o te āhua taketake o te tangata e uru ana ki te hiahia moepuku (libido). I roto i te ariā a Freud, ka taea te hono i te Hiahia ki te Mana ki te ego me te superego, e mahi ana ki te whakamana i a rāua anō i roto i tētahi taiao pāpori uaua.
I tētahi atu taha, i tangohia e Jung te ariā o te Hiahia ki te Mana i roto i tana pūnaha hinengaro. I kite ia i te Hiahia ki te Mana hei whakaaturanga o te kaha ā-ture e akiaki ana i te tangata ki te takitahi me te taurite i waenga i ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te tuakiri.
Ngā Pānga Tōrangapū me te Pāpori
He pānga nui anō hoki tō te Hiahia ki te Mana ki ngā whakaaro tōrangapū me te pāpori. Ahakoa ehara a Nietzsche i te tohunga ariā tōrangapū i te tikanga tuku iho, kua whakamahia (ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia hētia) ōna whakaaro e ngā rōpū tōrangapū me ngā ariā rerekē.
Hei tauira, ko te Fascism me te Nazism i te rautau 20, i kīia i ahu mai i a Nietzsche te pūtake, inā koa i ngā whakaaro o Ubermensch me te Will to Power. Heoi, he mea nui kia mōhio kāore a Nietzsche i tautoko, i kite rānei i te whakamahinga hē o ana whakaaro hei whakamana i te mana whakahaere me te tukino.
He rerekē, ko te kaupapa o te "Will to Power" a Nietzsche he whanaketanga whaiaro, he mana motuhake, me te waihanga uara hou, kaua ki te mana tinana, ki te mana tōrangapū rānei. Tērā pea ka whakahē a Nietzsche i te whakamahinga hē o ōna whakaaro mō ngā kaupapa e rerekē ana ki te mana motuhake me te auahatanga o te tangata takitahi.
Te Hiranga o Nāianei
I tēnei ao o nāianei, kei te whai tikanga tonu te ariā a Nietzsche mō te Hiahia ki te Mana i roto i ngā horopaki maha. I tēnei ao e kaha haere ana te mana o te hangarau me te ōhanga o te ao, ka nui haere ngā pātai mō te pono, te herekoretanga takitahi, me te kaupapa o te ao.
I roto i te horopaki o te toi me te ahurea rongonui, ka kitea te Hiahia ki te Mana i roto i ngā mahi tonu a ngā kaitoi ki te pana i ngā rohe me te waihanga i ngā mahi hou e wero ana i ngā tikanga pāpori me ngā tikanga ataahua o nāianei. I roto i te ao pakihi me te auahatanga hangarau, ka whakaatahia tēnei ariā i roto i te akiaki i te auahatanga tonu me te whakakore i te noho pūmau.
Heoi anō, he mea nui anō hoki kia maumahara ko te Hiahia ki te Mana, ki te kore e taurite ki te kawenga matatika, ka arahi pea ki te whakapehapeha nui me te pakanga whakangaro. Nō reira, me mau tonu te aro ki ngā pānga pāpori me te atawhai tangata o tēnei hihiri.
Whakamutunga
Nā Friedrich Nietzsche, mā roto i tana ariā mō te Hiahia ki te Mana, i tuku he tirohanga hohonu, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakaohooho i ngā hihiri matua kei muri i ngā mahi me ngā wawata a te tangata. Ahakoa i whānau mai i te arotake i ngā tikanga matatika tuku iho, he whānui ngā pānga o tēnei ariā e horapa ana ki ngā mara maha, tae atu ki te hinengaro, te tōrangapū, te toi, me te ahurea.
Mā te Hiahia ki te Mana tātou e akiaki kia whakaaroaro anō ki ngā mea e akiaki ana i a tātou, me pēhea tātou e waihanga ai i ō tātou uara, me pēhea hoki e taea ai e tātou te whakatutuki i tō tātou pūmanawa teitei rawa atu hei takitahi. Ahakoa kāore pea a Nietzsche i whakarato i ngā whakautu whakamutunga, i tētahi pūnaha matatika katoa rānei, ko te taumaha o ngā pātai me ngā whakaaro i whakaarahia e ia kei te whakaohooho tonu, kei te wero hoki i ō tātou whakaaro, ā, e whai tikanga ai ia neke atu i te rau tau i muri i tōna oranga.
