Te Ariā o te Whaiaro i roto i te Rapunga Whakaaro Existentialist
He kura whakaaro nui te oranga tangata, e aro nui ana ki te oranga o te tangata, te herekoretanga, me te whiriwhiri takitahi. Ko te tikanga, he tauhohenga te oranga tangata ki ngā tikanga whakaaro e aro nui ana ki te mauri, te matū rānei hei pokapū o ngā mea katoa. E kī ana tēnei whakaaro ko te oranga te mea e haere ana i mua i te mauri, arā, ko te oranga o te tangata i te tuatahi, kātahi ka tautuhi i a ia anō mā roto i ngā mahi me ngā kōwhiringa. Ko tētahi āhuatanga nui o te oranga tangata ko te ariā o te whaiaro, ehara i te mea he āhuatanga hinengaro anake engari he mea whakaaro nui anō hoki.
He Kupu Whakataki ki te Ariā o te Whaiaro i roto i te Whakaponotanga
Ko te ariā o te whaiaro i roto i te ao whakapono e pā ana ki te māramatanga o te tangata ki a ia anō, te hanga i ō rātou tuakiri, me te whakatere i te ao me te herekore me te kawenga. Ko ētahi o ngā tohunga whakaaro kua whai wāhi nui ki tēnei māramatanga ko Jean-Paul Sartre, Martin Heidegger , me Soren Kierkegaard.
Jean-Paul Sartre: Te Herekoretanga me te Pono
Ko Jean-Paul Sartre pea tētahi o ngā tino tangata rongonui o te ariā o te ao tūroa. I tautohe ia he tino herekore te tangata, ā, he kawenga mō ā rātou whiringa me ā rātou mahi katoa. E ai ki a Sartre, kāore he mauri pumau o te tangata e tautuhi ana i a rātou mai i te whānautanga. Engari, ko te oranga takitahi i mua i te mauri, arā, ko te noho tuatahi o te tangata, ko te noho ki te ao, ā, mā ā rātou ake mahi, ka whakatauhia e rātou ko wai rātou.
Ki a Sartre, ko te ariā o te whaiaro he mea e whanake tonu ana, e hangaia ana hoki e ngā whakataunga e mahia ana e tātou. Me hanga hou tonu e te tangata a rātou anō. Heoi, he kawenga nui anō hoki kei roto i tēnei herekoretanga. I whakamahia e Sartre te kupu "kua whakahēngia kia herekore" hei whakaahua i te kawenga o tēnei herekoretanga. Ina kitea e te tangata te herekoretanga tino me te kawenga katoa mōna anō, ka taea hoki e ia te pāngia e ngā "mate oranga" pērā i te manukanuka me te ngakaukore.
Ko te pono he ariā matua i roto i ngā whakaaro o Sartre. Ko te pono he tikanga o te whakaae ki tō tātou herekoretanga me te mahi i runga i taua herekoretanga, kaua e huna i muri i ngā tūranga pāpori, i ngā tikanga rānei i whakatakotoria e te hapori. I whakahē a Sartre i te hunga e noho ana i roto i te "whakapono kino," arā, te whakakahore i tō rātou ake herekoretanga me te titiro ki a rātou anō he taonga e whakahaerehia ana e ngā āhuatanga o waho.
Martin Heidegger : Te Dasein me te Oranga Tūturu
Mā te ariā o "Dasein" ka tukuna e Martin Heidegger he māramatanga hohonu ake mō te ao tūroa, arā, "te noho ki te ao." Ki a Heidegger, ehara te tangata i te tangata takitahi, i te tangata whai whakaaro rānei i roto i te tikanga tawhito. Engari, he mea hanga rātou e pā ana ki te ao e karapoti ana i a rātou. Mā te ariā o Dasein tātou e akiaki ki te whakaaro mō te ao tūroa i roto i te horopaki o te ao tūturu, kaua i te ao tūroa.
I whakanuia anō hoki e Heidegger ko te tangata he mea "tuwhera" ki te tikanga me te mārama ki a rātou anō me te ao e karapoti ana i a rātou. Nō reira, he tukanga hihiri te oranga o te tangata, ā, kāore e tū tonu. Ko tētahi āhuatanga nui o tēnei oranga ko te kaha ki te mārama ki te āhua o tō tātou "noho" i tēnei ao, me te anga whakamua ki ngā whāinga pono.
Ki tā Heidegger, ko te ora tūturu he mōhio ki te "whakaaroaro ki te mate." Ehara tēnei i te mea he āwangawanga nui ki te mate, engari he māramatanga he mutunga kore ō tātou oranga, ā, ka taea te mutu i tētahi wā, ka akiaki i a tātou ki te whakatau i ngā mea whai tikanga.
Søren Kierkegaard: Kaupapa Kaupapa me te Ora
E kiia ana a Søren Kierkegaard he paionia o te ariā existentialism, ahakoa i tuhituhi ia i mua noa atu i te rongonuitanga o te kupu. He tohunga whakaaro whakapono nui a Kierkegaard, i whakatata atu ia ki te ariā o te whaiaro mā te tirohanga hohonu o te takitahi me te whakapono ki te Atua.
I whakanui a Kierkegaard ko te pono whaiaro te mea nui ki te oranga o te tangata. Ki tana titiro, me whai te tangata i te oranga whai tikanga mā roto i ngā whakataunga whaiaro hohonu, me te "peke whakapono". Ko te tikanga o tēnei, kaua e whakawhirinaki noa ki te whakaaro tika, ki ngā taunakitanga o waho rānei, engari me whakatau te tangata i ngā whakataunga oranga e uru ana te whakapau kaha ki tētahi mea kāore pea e taea te whakaatu, te mārama rānei i roto i te whakaaro tika.
Hei pono, e ai ki a Kierkegaard, me aro atu te tangata ki te "manukanuka" e noho pū ana i roto i te oranga tangata, me te awhi hoki. Ko tēnei manukanuka, ki a Kierkegaard, ka puta mai i te mōhio ki tō tātou herekoretanga me te āheinga o te ngaro, te whakangaro rānei i tō tātou tuakiri. Heoi, mā te karo, te pehi rānei i tēnei manukanuka ka arahi pea ki tētahi oranga papaku, kore pono hoki.
Ngā Pānga o te Whakaaro Whaiaro i te Oranga o Ia Rā
Ko te ariā o te whaiaro i roto i te rapunga whakaaro o te hunga whakapono ki te ao o te ao e tuku ana i ngā tirohanga hōhonu, ā, i ētahi wā he wero ki te āhua o te noho me te mārama ki a tātou anō. Ko tētahi o ngā whakaaro nui ko te kawenga whaiaro. Ki te whakaae tātou he tino herekore tātou, he kawenga hoki mō te tangata ko wai tātou, kāti kāore e taea e tātou te whakapae i ētahi atu, i ngā āhuatanga rānei mō ō tātou korenga, mō ō tātou angitu rānei.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, e whakanui ana te whakapono ora i te hiranga o te noho pono. Ko te tikanga me pātai tonu tātou ki a tātou anō mō te tangata me te aha e hiahiatia ana e tātou i te ao. Me whakaata ā tātou whiringa i tō tātou herekoretanga me te māramatanga ki a tātou anō, kaua e whai noa i ngā tumanakohanga o waho.
E whakaako ana hoki te whakapono ā-pūtaiao he mea kī tonu te ao i te koretake, ā, he wāhanga tūturu o te oranga tangata te manukanuka. Engari i te titiro ki tēnei hei mea hei karo, e kī ana te hunga whakapono ā-pūtaiao mā te aro atu ki tēnei manukanuka ka āwhina i a tātou ki te whakatutuki i te māramatanga hohonu ake mō tātou anō me te tikanga o ō tātou oranga.
Whakamutunga
He tirohanga ahurei, he hohonu hoki te ariā o te oranga tonutanga ki te ariā o te tangata. Mā te whakanui i te herekoretanga, te kawenga, me te whai i te oranga pono, ka tono mai tēnei rapunga whakaaro kia kaua e whakaaro noa engari kia mahi hoki i runga i tō tātou māramatanga hohonu ki a tātou anō. I roto i tētahi ao e huri haere tonu ana, ā, he maha ngā wā kāore i te tino mārama, ka noho tonu te ariā o te oranga tonutanga hei pātai mutunga kore mō te tikanga, te kaupapa, me te tuakiri o te tangata.
