Te Kereme Matatika a Friedrich Nietzsche
He tūranga motuhake, he tūranga tautohenga hoki tō Friedrich Nietzsche, he tohunga whakaaro Tiamana o te rautau 19, i roto i te hītori o te rapunga whakaaro. Mā roto i ana mahi pēnei i a "Thus Spoke Zarathustra," "Beyond Good and Evil," me "The Genealogy of Morals," i tukuna e Nietzsche tētahi wero matatika i whakakorikori i ngā turanga o ngā tikanga matatika tuku iho o te Hauāuru. Ka tirohia e tēnei tuhinga te āhua o te wero a te whakaaro o Nietzsche ki ngā uara matatika tuku iho, me te āhua o āna whakaaro i tautoko i te hanganga o ngā uara hou i whānau mai i te "hiahia ki te mana."
Te Matenga o te Atua
Hei mārama ki te wero matatika a Nietzsche, he mea nui kia tīmata ki te ariā o te "matenga o te Atua," tētahi o ngā kaupapa matua o tana whakaaro. I roto i te "The Gay Science," i tuhituhi rongonui a Nietzsche, "Kua mate te Atua. Kei te mate tonu te Atua. Ā, kua patua ia e tātou." Ehara tēnei i te kōrero whakapono mō te matenga tūturu o te Atua, engari he whakaae kua hinga ngā turanga tuku iho o ngā uara matatika me ngā uara matatika, i ahu mai i te Karaitianatanga, i te wā o te Māramatanga me te ao hou.
Ko tēnei panonitanga he tohu mō te raruraru o ngā uara, e kore ai e taea e te hapori te whakawhirinaki ki te mana atua mō te arataki matatika. I te ngaro o te Atua, ka pātai a Nietzsche i tētahi pātai nui: He aha te pūtake o ō tātou matatika i ēnei rā? Me pēhea tātou e noho ai i tēnei ao o te nihilism?
Te Matatika Pononga vs Te Matatika Ariki
I ruku hohonu a Nietzsche ki roto i ngā taupatupatu matatika mā roto i ngā ariā o te "tikanga pono o te pononga " me te "tikanga rangatira." I tautohe ia ko ngā uara matatika matua i roto i te hapori o te Hauāuru he hua nō te mea i huaina e ia ko te tikanga pono o te pononga. Ko tēnei tikanga matatika, e ai ki tā Nietzsche, i ahu mai i te riri (ressentiment) o ngā tāngata ngoikore me ngā tāngata e tukinotia ana i mua. Ko ngā uara pēnei i te ngākau mahaki, te aroha, me te murunga hara ko tā rātou huarahi ki te aro atu me te rapu utu mō tō rātou kore e kaha ki te whakaatu i a rātou anō he kaha.
He rerekē, ko te matatika rangatira te pūnaha uara e tautokona ana e ia. I ahu mai tēnei matatika i te kaha, te mana motuhake, me te hiahia ki te whakahaere. Ko ngā uara pēnei i te whakaute, te maia, me te whakapehapeha ngā āhuatanga o tēnei matatika. I whakanuia e Nietzsche te matatika rangatira hei momo whakapuakitanga pono, rangatira hoki o te hiahia o te tangata.
Te Hiahia ki te Mana
Kei waenganui o te whakaaro matatika a Nietzsche ko te ariā o te "hiahia ki te mana" (der Wille zur Macht). I kite a Nietzsche i tēnei hiahia ehara i te mea he mea tōrangapū, he mea ā-tinana rānei, engari he kaupapa matatika mō ngā mea ora katoa. Ko ngā mea ora katoa, ahakoa he mea ora, he mea kore ora rānei, e akiakihia ana e te hiahia ki te whakaū, ki te whakawhānui, me te whakapakari i a ia anō.
I roto i te horopaki matatika, ko te tikanga me waihanga e te tangata ō rātou ake uara i runga i te hiahia ki te mana. I whakakahoretia e Nietzsche te matatika tino tika, i te whakaaro he mānukanuka e aukati ana i te auahatanga me te hihiri o te oranga tangata. Me waihanga ngā uara i runga i te whakaaro whaiaro, hei whakaaturanga o te mana takitahi.
Ubermensch: Tangata Pai Rawa
Ko tētahi o ngā whakaaturanga rongonui o te wero matatika a Nietzsche ko te ariā o te "Ubermensch," te "superman" rānei. I whakaaro a Nietzsche ko te Ubermensch he tangata takitahi e kaha ana ki te whiti i ngā rohe matatika tuku iho me te nihilism. Ko te Ubermensch he kaihanga uara, he tangata e whakamahi ana i te mana o roto, e whakaatu ana ki te ao hei kaupapa mō tētahi huarahi hou o te oranga.
I tautohe a Nietzsche ko te hunga Ubermensch he taurite ki te ngaro o te Atua me ngā uara tuturu. Mā te tito i ō rātou ake uara, ka hangaia e te hunga Ubermensch he tikanga mai i te koretake o te koretake, ā, i roto i te tukanga, ka tutuki te herekoretanga pono.
Te Hokinga Mutunga Kore: Te Huringa Mutunga Kore
Hei tautoko i te hiranga o te waihanga uara hou, me te noho kore uara tuku iho, i whakaurua e Nietzsche te ariā o te "hokinga mutunga kore" (die ewige Wiederkehr). E kī ana tēnei ariā ka hokihoki tonu ngā mea katoa i roto i tētahi huringa mutunga kore. Ka whakamahia e Nietzsche tēnei whakaaro hei tono whakaaroaro hohonu: me pēhea koe e ora ai i tō oranga mēnā e mōhio ana koe ka hokihoki tonu ia wā ake ake?
Mā tēnei pātai ka akiaki i te tangata kia ora pono, kia whai kawenga hoki mō ā rātou mahi. Mā te whakaaro ki te āheinga o tētahi huringa mutunga kore o te oranga kotahi, e tumanakohia ana kia whakaaroaro te tangata ki ngā āhuatanga katoa o ō rātou oranga kia taea ai e rātou te tino pārekareka me te whakaū i tō rātou oranga, me te kore e herea e ngā tikanga matatika tuku iho.
Pānga me te Whakahē
Ahakoa te ngākau nui o Nietzsche ki te tuhituhi, kāore i kore he whakahē i ana whakaaro. I kite ētahi o ngā hoa whawhai ka taea te whakamahi hē i te ariā o te "hiahia ki te mana" hei whakamana i te tutu me te mana whakahaere. I tua atu, i kite ētahi i te ariā o te Ubermensch he mea whakarangatira me te whakarērea, e wehewehe ana i te tangata ki roto i tētahi kaupapa whakarōpū e kiia ana he hunga torutoru anake e tika ana kia "kia nui ake."
Ahakoa rā, kāore e taea te whakahē i te awe o Nietzsche ki ngā mara rerekē pērā i te rapunga whakaaro, te tuhituhi, te toi, tae atu ki te hinengaro hou. I whakatuwherahia e ia ngā huarahi hou hei whakaaroaro anō i ngā tikanga matatika, te āhua o tō tātou noho, me ngā mea e hanga ana i ō tātou turanga matatika.
Te Katinga
Ko te wero matatika a Friedrich Nietzsche he wero ki ngā uara kua whakaaetia i roto i te hapori tuku iho. Mā tana arotake i te matatika o te pononga, te tautoko i te matatika o te rangatira, me ngā ariā o te hiahia ki te mana me te Übermensch, ka akiaki a Nietzsche i ngā tāngata takitahi kia rapu motuhake me te waihanga i ō rātou ake uara. Ahakoa he tautohenga, kei te whai tikanga tonu ngā whakaaro o Nietzsche i roto i ngā kōrero o nāianei mō te matatika, te herekoretanga, me te tikanga o te ora . I roto i te ao e huri haere tonu ana, ko te whakaaro o Nietzsche he turanga mō te wero, te whakaaroaro, me te hanga hou pea i a tātou anō.
