Te Hinengaro me te Takirua o te Hinengaro
Pendahuluan
Ko te hinengaro mārama tētahi o ngā āhuatanga tino uaua, tino pōhēhē hoki i roto i te rapunga whakaaro, te hinengaro hinengaro, me te pūtaiao roro. Ahakoa he wheako tō tātou katoa ki te "aro mārama", kei te tautohetia tonutia te whakamāramatanga tika o te hinengaro mārama. I roto i tēnei horopaki, ko te takirua o te hinengaro—te whakaaro kei roto i te tangata he pakanga, he takirua rānei—e whakamahia ana hei whakamārama i te mahi a te hinengaro mārama. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ēnei ariā e rua, ā, ka ngana ki te whakakotahi i a rāua kia pai ake ai te māramatanga.
Te Hinengaro: He Kupu Whakataki
Ka taea te tautuhi i te hinengaro hei āhua o te mōhio me te mārama. I roto i te oranga o ia rā, e kapi ana i ngā āhuatanga maha, tae atu ki ngā kare ā-roto, ngā whakaaro, ngā maharatanga, me ngā tirohanga. He maha ngā ariā kua whakaarohia hei whakamārama i tēnei āhuatanga, mai i ngā ariā rauemi e titiro ana ki te hinengaro hei hua o ngā tukanga ā-tinana i roto i te roro, ki ngā huarahi takirua e titiro ana ki te hinengaro hei mea motuhake mai i te roro ā-tinana.
I roto i ngā rangahau o nāianei, he maha ngā kaipūtaiao e ngana ana ki te wetewete i ngā tikanga koiora-pūnaha o te hinengaro. Ka whakamahia e rātou ngā tikanga pēnei i te whakaahua roro hei mārama me pēhea te whakaputa i ngā wheako whaiaroaro e te rerenga o ngā mahi io. Ahakoa te ahunga whakamua nui, kāore anō kia ea te mea ngaro o te hinengaro.
Te Takirua o te Hinengaro: He Tirohanga Matatau
Ko te takirua o te hinengaro e pā ana ki te whakaaro e rua ngā āhuatanga matua o te tangata: te hinengaro mōhio me te hinengaro huna. Ko ngā tohunga whakaaro pērā i a René Descartes ētahi o ngā tuatahi ki te whakaaro i tētahi momo tino rerekē o te takirua, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te "takirua o res cogitans" (te mauri o te whakaaro) me te "res extensa" (te mauri o te toronga).
Hinengaro Matatau
Ko te hinengaro mātau te wāhanga o tō tātou hinengaro e mōhiotia ana e tātou, ā, ka taea hoki e tātou te whakahaere. Koinei te āhuatanga o tātou anō e āhei ana ki te whakaaro, ki te whakamahere, ki te whakaoti rapanga, me te whakatau kaupapa. Kei roto te hinengaro mātau i ngā momo mahi hinengaro katoa e hiahia ana ki te kaha o te hiahia, te aro, me te whakaaroaro.
Hinengaro o raro
He rerekē te hinengaro mōhio, ko te hinengaro huna he raupapa o ngā tukanga hinengaro e mahi ana me te kore e mōhiotia e tātou. E ai ki te tātaritanga hinengaro tawhito, i rongonuihia e Sigmund Freud , ka rongoa e te hinengaro huna ngā maharatanga, ngā akiaki, me ngā hiahia e tino mamae ana, e kore rānei e pai ki te whakauru ki roto i te hinengaro mōhio. He nui te awe o te hinengaro huna ki ō tātou whanonga, he maha ngā wā kāore tātou e mōhiotia.
Te Taunekeneke i waenganui i te Hinengaro me te Takirua o te Hinengaro
He pēhea te taunekeneke me te awe o te hinengaro me te takirua o te hinengaro tetahi ki tetahi? Ko tētahi huarahi ki te kite i tēnei ko te ako i te awe o ngā tukanga kore mohio ki te hinengaro, me te rereke.
Te Awe o te Hinengaro Poto ki te Maramatanga
He mea noa te tūtaki ki ngā āhuatanga e mimiti haere ana te hinengaro huna ki roto i te hinengaro. Hei tauira, he maha ā tātou whakatau i runga i te "kare ā-roto" kāore i te tino mārama. E whakaatu ana tēnei he maha ngā wā ka awe te taha huna o ō tātou hinengaro i ō tātou whakaaro mohio.
Hei tauira, i ngā mahi o ia rā pēnei i te whiriwhiri kai, i te huarahi haere rānei, tera pea ka whakaaro tātou kei te mahi mōhio tātou i ēnei kōwhiringa. Heoi anō, he maha ngā wā ka nui ake te pānga o ngā hihiri huna pēnei i ngā tikanga, ngā maharatanga o te tamarikitanga, ngā wheako o mua rānei i tā tātou e whakaaro nei.
Te Awe o te Hinengaro ki te Hinengaro o raro
I taua wā anō, ka taea hoki e te hinengaro mōhio te awe i te hinengaro huna. He puhoi ake tēnei tukanga, ā, me nui ake te kaha e hiahiatia ana. Ko tētahi huarahi ki te mahi i tēnei ko ngā tikanga whakahāngai, arā, ko te whakaharatau i tētahi mahi, i tētahi whakaaro rānei kia mau rā anō ki roto i tō tātou hinengaro huna.
Hei tauira, ko te tangata e hiahia ana ki te wikitoria i te wehi o te kōrero i te aroaro o te marea, ka whakaharatau tonu pea i ōna pūkenga kōrero, ka whakapakari hoki i tōna whakapono ki a ia anō. Mā tēnei mahi whakahoki tonu ka āwhina i te "whakaako" i te hinengaro huna kia pai ake te urupare i roto i ngā āhuatanga e puta ai te manukanuka.
Te Māramatanga i roto i te Tirohanga Pūtaiao-Neuro
Mai i te tirohanga pūtaiao roro, e whakaatu ana ngā rangahau he tino uaua ngā taunekeneke i waenga i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te roro e whai wāhi ana ki te hanga i te hinengaro. Ko tētahi wāhanga tino nui i tēnei whakaaro ko te prefrontal cortex, e whai wāhi nui ana ki ngā mahi whakahaere pēnei i te whakamahere, te whakatau kaupapa, me te whakahaere i a ia anō.
Hei "pokapū whakahaere", ka tukatukahia e te prefrontal cortex ngā urunga mai i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te roro, ka whakauruhia ngā mōhiohio tairongo, ngā maharatanga, me ngā urupare kare ā-roto hei hanga i tētahi wheako hinengaro mārama. He mea whakamīharo, e whakaatu ana ētahi rangahau he tino kaha te lateral prefrontal cortex ina tonoa te tangata kia aro ki ō rātou ake whakaaro me ngā kare ā-roto, e tohu ana i tōna tūranga nui i roto i te mōhio ki a ia anō me te whakaaroaro hohonu.
Tirohanga Hinengaro
I roto i te hinengaro, he maha ngā ariā e ngana ana ki te whakamārama me pēhea te whakauru i te hinengaro me te takirua o te hinengaro. Ko ngā ariā pēnei i te Cognitivism e kī ana he rite te hinengaro tangata ki te rorohiko, he raupapa o ngā kaupapa e whakahaerehia ana e te "tukatuka" - i tēnei wā, ko te roro.
Heoi, mā te whakamahi i tēnei ariā ki te horopaki o te hinengaro ka ara ake he maha ngā pātai. Mena he mīhini te roro e whakahaere ana i ngā kaupapa, kei hea te hinengaro e noho ana? Me pēhea te hanga a ngā tukanga e mahia ana e te roro tinana i te wheako whaiaro e kiia nei e tātou ko te "hinengaro"?
Ko tētahi tauira rongonui i tēnei wāhanga ko te Kaupapa Tauira Mahi Ao , i whakatakotoria e Bernard Baars. E ai ki tēnei ariā, ko te hinengaro he "atamira pokapū" e whakataetae ai ngā tukanga hinengaro maha mō te aro. Ko ngā mōhiohio e "hopu ana i te aro" ka tukatukahia anō, ā, ka uru atu ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere hinengaro teitei ake.
Whakamutunga
Ko te māramatanga me te takirua o te hinengaro he ariā tino whakamere, he mea nui hoki ki te mārama ki te tangata. Ahakoa kua nui te ahunga whakamua o te rangahau puta noa i ngā momo marautanga hei mārama ki te mahi a te māramatanga me te whakamārama a te takirua o te hinengaro i ngā āhuatanga maha o te whanonga tangata, he maha tonu ngā pātai kāore anō kia whakautua. Ko te whanaungatanga i waenga i te māramatanga me te kore māramatanga, me pēhea te awe o tētahi ki tētahi, me ngā tikanga koiora-pūnaha kei raro i ēnei tukanga, he mea ngaro whakamere tonu e tika ana kia rangahauhia anō.
Mā te tūhuratanga atu i ēnei wāhanga e rua, ehara i te mea ka homai he māramatanga hōhonu ake ki a tātou mō 'ko wai tātou' me 'te āhua o tā tātou mahi', engari ka whai pānga whānui hoki ki ngā mara pēnei i te hinengaro haumanu, te pūtaiao roro, tae atu ki ngā hangarau matauranga horihori o muri mai. I a tātou e tūhura tonu ana, e ruku hohonu ana, tera pea ka whiwhi tātou i tētahi rā i tētahi māramatanga whānui ake, whānui ake hoki mō ēnei āhuatanga taketake.
