Te Anthropology Arohaehae me te Tātari i te Mana
Kua roa te mahi a te mātauranga tangata hei kaupapa ako i roto i te māramatanga ki ngā uauatanga o te ahurea tangata. Mai i te ako i ngā hapori tawhiti me te āhua kē ki te tirotiro i ngā whanaketanga pāpori i roto i ngā taiao mōhio ake, he maha ngā tirohanga a te mātauranga tangata mō te tangata. Ko tētahi peka kua piki haere te aro ki tēnei kaupapa i ngā tekau tau tata nei ko te mātauranga tangata arohaehae. Ko tēnei huarahi, e whakanui ana i te hiranga o te tātari mana ki te mārama ki ngā whanaketanga pāpori me te ahurea, e whai ana ki te hura i ngā paparanga huna o te mana e hanga ana i ngā wheako o ia rā o te tangata.
Hītori me te Ariā o te Anthropology Arohaehae
I puta mai te mātauranga tangata arohaehae hei whakautu ki ngā ia o te positivist me te functionalist i roto i te mātauranga tangata tawhito, i whai ki te whakaatu i ngā hapori hei pūnaha taurite me ngā tūranga kua tautuhia me te hanganga. I raro i te awe o te ariā arohaehae a Frankfurt, te post-structuralism, me te Marxism, ka arotahi te mātauranga tangata arohaehae ki ngā kaha hanganga e hanga ana i te oranga hapori. Ka whakamāramahia e ngā tohunga mātauranga tangata arohaehae ngā huarahi e mahi ai te mana i roto i te hapori e ahua tūturu ana, e kore rānei e kitea i roto i ngā tātaritanga tuku iho.
Mana: He Whakamāramatanga
He maha ngā wā ka whakaarohia te mana hei te kaha tika, hei te mana whakahaere rānei a tētahi rōpū ki runga i tētahi atu. Heoi, he tirohanga uaua ake tā te tohunga whakaaro a Michel Foucault. Ki tā Foucault, ehara i te mea kei roto noa i ngā ringa o te hunga whai mana te mana, engari kei te tohatohahia puta noa i ngā whatunga pāpori. Kei roto te mana i ngā whanaungatanga pāpori, i ngā kōrero, me ngā umanga e whakahaere ana i te oranga o ia rā.
Te Tātari i te Mana i roto i te Anthropology
Ko te huarahi tātaritanga tangata arohaehae ki te tātari i te mana he maha ngā āhuatanga, mai i te mana whakaaro me te mana ōhanga ki te mana i roto i ngā horopaki o ia rā. Anei ētahi huarahi e tātarihia ai e te tātaritanga tangata arohaehae te mana i roto i ngā horopaki rerekē.
Mana Whakaaro
Ko te mana whakaaro e pā ana ki te kaha ki te awe i te whakaaro me te mārama o te tangata ki te ao e karapoti nei i a rātou. He maha ngā wā ka kitea tēnei whakaaro i roto i te kōrero, i te kōrero rānei e whakahaere ana i tētahi hapori motuhake. Hei tauira, ka taea e te whakaaro o te motu te hanga i ngā tuakiri takitahi me ngā tuakiri ā-rōpū, me te awe i ngā whanaketanga mana i waenga i ngā rōpū iwi me ngā rōpū tōrangapū.
Mana Ōhanga
I roto i te horopaki o te ao ōhanga , ka tirohia e te mātauranga tangata arohaehae te āhua o te hanganga kore taurite e hangaia ana e te whakapaipai o te ao me ngā mahi neoliberal. Hei tauira, e whakaatu ana ngā rangahau mō te pānga o te haumitanga mai i tāwāhi ki ngā whenua whakawhanake me pēhea te whakamahi a ngā kamupene o te ao i ngā mahi ā-rohe me ngā rauemi taiao me te tautoko i ngā kaupapa here pai a te kāwanatanga.
Mana me ngā Whare
He maha hoki ngā wā ka aro te tātari i te mana ki te tūranga o ngā umanga ki te pupuri i te āhua o nāianei. Ehara ngā umanga mātauranga, hauora, me ngā umanga ture i te hunga noho kūpapa; he maha tonu ā rātou whakaputa uri i ngā whanaungatanga mana o nāianei. Ko tētahi tauira matarohia ko te āhua o te pūnaha mātauranga ki te whakaputa uri i te kore taurite pāpori mā te whakapakari i ngā tikanga ahurea matua me te aukati i te hunga mai i ngā papamuri e noho tahaetia ana.
Ngā Tikanga me ngā Huarahi i roto i te Anthropology Arohaehae
He nui, he kanorau hoki te huarahi a te tātaritanga tangata arohaehae, e whakamahi ana i ngā momo tikanga rangahau hei hura i ngā āhuatanga mana o nāianei. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ngā tohunga tātaritanga tangata arohaehae te tātaritanga iwi, ngā uiuinga hōhonu, te mātakitaki whai wāhi , me te tātari kōrero hei tūhura i te mahi a te mana i roto i ngā horopaki motuhake.
Te Iwi Māori
Ko te etnography, hei tikanga matua i roto i te mātauranga tangata, ka whakarato i ngā tirohanga hōhonu ki te oranga o te tangata i ia rā. Mā te etnography, ka taea e ngā tohunga mātauranga tangata arohaehae te tirotiro tika i te mahi a te mana i roto i ngā taunekeneke pāpori o ia rā, ahakoa i te wāhi mahi, i te whānau, i te hapori rānei. Mā te etnography hoki ka taea e ngā kairangahau te mārama ki ngā huarahi ngaro e puta ai te mana whakahaere me te ātete.
Tātari Kōrero
Ko te tātari kōrero tētahi atu tikanga nui i roto i te mātauranga tangata arohaehae e whai ana ki te hura i te mahi a te reo me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i roto i te hanganga o te mana. Mā te tātari i ngā tuhinga , ngā kōrerorero, me ētahi atu momo whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ka taea e ngā tohunga mātauranga tangata te tautuhi i ngā ariā e tū ana i raro i ngā mahi pāpori me te wetewete i ngā kōrero matua e kiia ana he pono whānui.
Ngā Akoranga Hītori
He mea nui anō hoki te huarahi hītori i roto i te mātauranga tangata arohaehae. Mā te tirotiro i te hītori roa o ngā whanaungatanga mana i roto i te hapori, ka taea e ngā tohunga mātauranga tangata te hura i ngā pūtake me te whanaketanga o ngā hanganga kore taurite. Hei tauira, ko te ako i te koroni me tōna pānga ki te hapori hou e tautoko ana i te māramatanga ki te āhua o te hītori o te mana e hanga tonu ana i ngā whanaketanga pāpori o nāianei.
Ngā Akoranga Take i roto i te Anthropology Arohaehae me te Mana
He maha ngā rangahau take i roto i te mātauranga tangata arohaehae e whakaatu ana i te huarahi e taea ai te tautuhi me te tātari i te mana i roto i ngā horopaki rerekē. Anei ētahi tauira:
Te Tautoko i ngā Kāinga i roto i te Whakawhanaketanga Hanganga
I roto i te maha o ngā whenua whakawhanake, ka whakatairangahia te whakawhanaketanga o ngā hanganga hei huarahi e puta ai i te rawakore. Heoi, e whakaatu ana te tātaritanga tangata arohaehae he nui ake te painga o ēnei kaupapa ki ngā kaipupuri moni me ngā rangatira o te rohe i ngā hapori e pāngia ana e rātou. Hei tauira, ka taea e te hanganga o ngā tāhuna nui te peia atu o ngā mano tini o te tangata me te kore utu tika, ka nui ake te kore taurite o te hapori, ā, ka whakakaha ake i te mana o te mana ōhanga me te mana tōrangapū.
Ngā Āhuatanga me te Mana o te Ira Tangata
E whakaatu ana hoki te tātaritanga tangata arohaehae i te āhua o te hanganga o ngā whanaungatanga mana mā roto i ngā whanaketanga ira tangata. I roto i ngā ahurea maha, ka taea e ngā tikanga ira tangata e ahu mai ana i te mana tāne te waihanga me te whakakaha i te mana o ngā tāne ki runga i ngā wāhine. Hei tauira, e whakaatu ana ngā rangahau tātaritanga tangata mō ngā hapori tāne i te āhua o te mana ira tangata i roto i ngā āhuatanga maha o te ao, mai i ngā mahi o te whare ki te whai wāhi ki ngā mahi tōrangapū.
Hekenga me te Mana
He maha ngā wā ka whakaatuhia e te tātaritanga tangata arohaehae te āhua o te hunga heke i roto i te horopaki o te ao whānui. He maha ngā wā ka pāngia ngā heke e te tukino mahi, te whakahāwea, me te tutu e whakaata ana i ngā whanaungatanga mana o te ao. Hei tauira, e whakaatu ana ngā rangahau mō ngā heke kore ture i te whakamahinga a ngā whenua whakawhanake i ngā kaimahi iti te utu, me te whakakore i ngā tika tangata taketake.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te mahi a te mātauranga tangata arohaehae ki te hura me te tātari i ngā whanaungatanga mana e hanga ana i te ao tangata. Mā te whakauru i te ariā arohaehae, ngā tikanga ahurea , me te tātari kōrero, ka tukuna e te mātauranga tangata arohaehae he taputapu kaha hei mārama ki te mahi a te mana i roto i ngā horopaki pāpori, ahurea, me te tōrangapū kanorau. I roto i te ao matatini me te ao whānui o ēnei rā, ehara i te mea he mea nui anake tēnei huarahi arohaehae engari he mea nui hoki hei whakatairanga i te tika pāpori me te māramatanga hohonu ki te tangata.
Mā roto i ngā rangahau take me ngā huarahi tikanga, e whakaatu ana te mātauranga matatika arohaehae ehara te mana i te mea pumau, i te mea kotahi rānei, engari he hihiri, he mea kei roto i ngā āhuatanga katoa o te oranga tangata. Nō reira, ehara i te mea ko te mātauranga matatika anake te mea e whai wāhi ana, engari ko ngā mahi hoki hei waihanga i tētahi ao tika, taurite hoki.
