Wutar lantarki

Ma'anar wutar lantarki

A cikin na'urar jagoranci kamar tagulla, akwai electrons waɗanda ke motsawa cikin 'yanci kuma ba zato ba tsammani a cikin babban gudu amma ba sa tserewa daga ƙarfe. Ana kiran electrons waɗanda za su iya motsawa cikin 'yanci electrons. Duk da cewa electrons suna motsawa cikin 'yanci a kowane bangare, babu kwararar electrons a kowace hanya. Wannan yanayin yana faruwa ne lokacin da babu wani bambanci tsakanin ƙarshen waya ta tagulla guda biyu.

Karin bayani

Zuciya Physics Nasihu kan Lafiyar Rayuwa

Labarai game da Zuciya Physics Nasihu don Rayuwa Mai Kyau

Ruwa yana gudana ta halitta daga tsaunuka masu tsayi zuwa ƙananan wurare, kamar ruwan sama, koguna, ko ruwan famfo. Duk da haka, ruwa ba zai iya gudana ta halitta daga ƙananan wurare zuwa manyan wurare ba. Misali, ruwan rijiya ba zai iya gudana daga rijiya zuwa ma'ajiyar ruwa shi kaɗai ba, yana buƙatar ƙarfin ɗan adam ko na injiniya. Girman bambancin tsayi tsakanin rijiyar da ma'ajiyar ruwa, haka ƙarfin da ake buƙata yake ƙaruwa.

A fannin kimiyyar lissafi , ruwa ruwa ne. Ruwa wani abu ne da zai iya gudana kuma ya kasance a natse. 🙂 Wani misali na ruwa shine jini.

Karin bayani

Tsarin da'irar capacitor

Kapasinata tana da takamaiman ƙarfin aiki. Idan ƙarfin aiki da ake buƙata bai samu ba, ana iya haɗa kapasinata biyu ko fiye don cimma ƙarfin aiki da ake buƙata. Don haɗa kapasinata daidai, fahimtar da'irorin kapasinata yana da mahimmanci.

Kafin ka yi nazarin da'irori na capacitor, da farko ka fahimci alamomin. Tsarin da'irar capacitor 1Mai zuwa. Layukan tsaye guda biyu a cikin alamar capacitor suna wakiltar masu jagoranci guda biyu a cikin capacitor mai layi ɗaya. A cikin alamar baturi, layin tsaye mai tsayi yana wakiltar babban ƙarfin (+) kuma gajeriyar layin tsaye tana wakiltar ƙarancin ƙarfin (-). Layukan kwance a cikin alamun capacitor da baturi suna wakiltar wayoyi.

Karin bayani

Ajiye makamashin lantarki a cikin capacitor

Kayan ajiyar makamashin lantarki a cikin capacitors

Kapasinata yana kunshe da faranti/shafuka biyu na masu jagoranci kuma tsakanin masu jagoranci biyu akwai dielectric . Da farko, duka masu jagoranci ba sa cajin wutar lantarki. Domin kapasinata su yi aiki, dole ne a caji kowace faranti/shafuka na mai gudanarwa ta hanyar lantarki, inda adadin cajin wutar lantarki akan kowane mai gudanarwa iri ɗaya ne amma nau'ikan daban-daban. Misali, mai gudanarwa ɗaya yana da cajin Q = +10 Coulomb sannan ɗayan mai gudanarwa yana da cajin Q = -10 Coulomb. Kasancewar nau'ikan cajin wutar lantarki iri ɗaya amma akasin haka akan masu jagoranci biyu yana haifar da filin lantarki tsakanin faranti biyu na mai gudanarwa, inda alkiblar filin wutar lantarki daga cajin positive zuwa cajin positive. Bugu da ƙari, bambancin ƙarfin wutar lantarki kuma yana tasowa tsakanin masu jagoranci biyu, inda mai gudanarwa mai caji mai kyau yana da ƙarfin wutar lantarki mafi girma yayin da mai gudanarwa mai caji mara kyau yana da ƙarancin ƙarfin wutar lantarki.

Karin bayani

Dielectric

Kapasinada zai iya aiki idan faranti/shafukan gudanarwa guda biyu ba su taɓa juna ba don haka cajin wutar lantarki bai motsa daga ɗaya mai jagora zuwa ɗayan ba. Haka nan, don kada cajin wutar lantarki ya motsa daga mai jagora zuwa iska, sararin da ke tsakanin masu jagoranci biyu dole ne ya zama injin tsotsa. A cikin labarin game da masu ƙarfin farantin layi ɗaya, an tattauna ƙarfin kapasinada farantin layi ɗaya , inda aka raba faranti biyu da injin tsotsa. Ƙarfin kapasinada a cikin injin tsotsa yana da iyaka, don haka don ƙara ƙarfin, an sanya dielectric tsakanin faranti/shafukan gudanarwa guda biyu.

Karin bayani

Layi ɗaya na capacitors

Ma'anar capacitor na farantin layi ɗaya

Layi ɗaya farantin capacitor 1Kapanda mai layi daya (parallel plate capacitor) wani kapanda ne da ya kunshi faranti biyu masu layi daya ko faranti mai jagora, kowanne faranti yana da yanki iri daya na giciye (A) da faranti biyu da aka raba ta wani nisa (d), kamar yadda yake a hoton da ke hagu. A cikin wannan labarin, a dauka an raba faranti masu jagora biyu ta hanyar injin tsotsa. A cikin hoton, daya daga cikin faranti masu jagora yana da caji mai kyau (+Q) yayin da daya farantin mai jagora yana da caji mara kyau (-Q), inda adadin wutar lantarki da ke kan kowanne faranti iri daya ne.

Karin bayani

Ƙarfin capacitor

Fahimtar ƙarfin aiki

Ƙaramin gilashi zai iya ɗaukar ƙaramin ruwa, yayin da babban gilashi zai iya ɗaukar ƙarin ruwa. Girman gilashin, haka nan yawan ruwan da zai iya ɗauka. Don haka, kowane gilashi yana da ƙarfinsa, ko ma'aunin ƙarfin riƙe ruwa. Kamar gilashi, capacitors kuma suna da ikon adana wutar lantarki da makamashin wutar lantarki. Ƙarfin capacitor, ko ma'aunin ikonsa na adana wutar lantarki da makamashin wutar lantarki, ana kiransa capacitance.

Karin bayani

Ƙarfin wutar lantarki

Fahimta

Ana bayyana ƙarfin lantarki a matsayin ƙarfin lantarki a kowace naúrar cajin lantarki . A ce a lokacin a, cajin q yana da ƙarfin lantarki na EP a , to an tsara ƙarfin lantarki a lokacin a kamar haka:

Ƙarfin wutar lantarki 1

Bayani: V = ƙarfin lantarki, EP = ƙarfin lantarki, q = cajin lantarki.

V ba wai kawai yana wanzuwa a wuri a ba, har ma a dukkan wurare a filin lantarki . Ana amfani da maki a matsayin misali. Kamar yadda za a yi bayani daga baya, ƙimarsa ba ta dogara da cajin q ba.

Karin bayani