Ka'idar Ɗabi'a ta Yanayi Sau da yawa ana fahimtar ɗabi'a a matsayin jerin ƙa'idodi da ke taimaka wa mutane su bambanta tsakanin ayyukan da suka dace da na kuskure. Duk da haka, a rayuwar yau da kullun, hukunce-hukuncen ɗabi'a ba koyaushe suke da sauƙi kamar "wannan yana da kyau" ko "wannan ba shi da kyau ba." Akwai yanayi da yawa da ke sa aiki ya yi kama da daidai a wani yanayi amma ba daidai ba a wani yanayi. … Kara karantawa
Ra'ayin Ɗabi'a a cikin Ɗabi'ar Halitta Ɗabi'a ɗaya ce daga cikin jigogi mafi muhimmanci a cikin falsafar ɗabi'a, domin ya shafi tambayar: me ya sa aiki ya yi daidai ko ba daidai ba? Wata hanya mai tasiri wajen amsa wannan tambayar ita ce ɗabi'ar halitta. Ba kamar hanyoyin da ke tantance ɗabi'a bisa ga sakamako ba, ɗabi'ar halitta ta jaddada cewa ɗabi'a galibi... Kara karantawa
Ma'anar Nihilism A cewar Nietzsche, Nihilism yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun kalmomin shiga a cikin falsafar Friedrich Nietzsche. Duk da haka, sau da yawa ana fahimtar wannan kalmar a matsayin kawai "ba da yarda da komai ba," "rayuwa babu komai," ko "komai ya halatta saboda babu ɗabi'a." Ga Nietzsche, nihilism ba wai kawai rashin bege bane na mutum, amma wani abu ne mai faɗi a cikin al'adun Yamma: yanayin tarihi lokacin da... Kara karantawa
Kant da Ka'idar Kyau ta Kyawawan Halittu Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) yana ɗaya daga cikin masana falsafa mafi tasiri a tarihin tunanin Yamma. Ya shahara sosai saboda manyan ayyukansa a fannin ilimin halittu da ɗabi'u, amma gudummawar da ya bayar ga kyawawan halaye - musamman ka'idarsa ta kyau - ba ta da mahimmanci. A cikin littafinsa na Sukar Hukunci (1790), Kant ya tsara tsarin kwalliya wanda ya yi ƙoƙarin… Kara karantawa
Manufar Kasancewa A cewar Heidegger Martin Heidegger (1889–1976) yana ɗaya daga cikin masana falsafa mafi tasiri a ƙarni na 20, musamman ta hanyar aikinsa Sein und Zeit (Kasancewa da Lokaci, 1927). A cikin wannan littafin, Heidegger ya gabatar da abin da ya ɗauka a matsayin tambaya mafi mahimmanci amma mafi yawan watsi da ita a tarihin falsafar Yamma: menene ma'anar "kasancewa" ko "kasancewa" (Kasancewa/Sein)? Ba kamar al'adar metaphysical ba… Kara karantawa
Manufar Kasancewa A cewar Heidegger Martin Heidegger (1889–1976) yana ɗaya daga cikin masana falsafa mafi tasiri a ƙarni na 20, musamman ta hanyar aikinsa Sein und Zeit (Kasancewa da Lokaci, 1927). A cikin wannan littafin, Heidegger ya gabatar da abin da ya ɗauka a matsayin tambaya mafi mahimmanci amma mafi yawan watsi da ita a tarihin falsafar Yamma: menene ma'anar "kasancewa" ko "kasancewa" (Kasancewa/Sein)? Ba kamar al'adar metaphysical ba… Kara karantawa
Manufar Ɗabi'a A cewar Al-Farabi. Al-Farabi (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 950 CE) yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana falsafa a cikin al'adar Musulunci ta gargajiya, wacce aka fi sani da "Malami na Biyu" bayan Aristotle. Wannan laƙabi yana nuna tasirin tunani mai ƙarfi na Girka - musamman ma'ana da falsafar aiki - a cikin ayyukansa. Duk da haka, Al-Farabi bai kwafi Aristotle ko Plato kawai ba; ya fassara kuma ya haɓaka ra'ayoyinsu a cikin tsarin da ya dace don... Kara karantawa
Sukar Nietzsche Kan Ɗabi'a Friedrich Nietzsche yana ɗaya daga cikin masana falsafa mafi tasiri da jayayya a tarihin tunanin zamani. An san shi da suka mai zurfi game da tushen ɗabi'ar Yamma—musamman ɗabi'ar Kirista da gadon falsafar ɗabi'a wanda ke jaddada aiki, daidaito, da kame kai a matsayin manyan kyawawan halaye. Ga Nietzsche, ɗabi'ar da ta fi rinjaye a Turai ta zamani ba wani abu ba ne… Kara karantawa
Tsarin Aiki da Ka'idar Gaskiya Tsarin aiki yana ɗaya daga cikin makarantun falsafa mafi tasiri a cikin al'adar tunani ta zamani, musamman a Amurka. Babban abin da ya fi mayar da hankali a kai ba shine neman gaskiya a matsayin wani abu "mai tsabta" kuma wanda aka ware daga rayuwa ba, amma a kan yadda ra'ayoyi ke aiki a cikin ƙwarewar ɗan adam. A cikin tsarin aiki, ana gwada ƙimar ra'ayi ta hanyar sakamakonsa na aiki: ko yana taimakawa... Kara karantawa
Ka'idar Gaskiya a Ilimin Halitta Gabatarwa Ilimin Halitta wani reshe ne na falsafa wanda ke bincika ilimi: menene shi, yadda ake samunsa, iyakokinsa, da kuma yadda za a iya tabbatar da shi. A cikin ilimin halittu, tattaunawar gaskiya tana da matsayi mai mahimmanci, kamar yadda gabaɗaya ake fahimtar ilimi a matsayin imani na gaskiya da gaskiya. Duk da haka, tambayar "menene gaskiya?" ba... Kara karantawa