Kapasinata tana da takamaiman ƙarfin aiki. Idan ƙarfin aiki da ake buƙata bai samu ba, ana iya haɗa kapasinata biyu ko fiye don cimma ƙarfin aiki da ake buƙata. Don haɗa kapasinata daidai, fahimtar da'irorin kapasinata yana da mahimmanci.
Kafin ka yi nazarin da'irori na capacitor, da farko ka fahimci alamomin. 
Mai zuwa. Layukan tsaye guda biyu a cikin alamar capacitor suna wakiltar masu jagoranci guda biyu a cikin capacitor mai layi ɗaya. A cikin alamar baturi, layin tsaye mai tsayi yana wakiltar babban ƙarfin (+) kuma gajeriyar layin tsaye tana wakiltar ƙarancin ƙarfin (-). Layukan kwance a cikin alamun capacitor da baturi suna wakiltar wayoyi.
Da'irar Jeri
Ana kiran capacitors guda biyu da aka haɗa kamar yadda aka nuna a hagu da capacitors a jere. Hoton da ke gefen dama yana nuna capacitor mai maye gurbinsa tare da capacitance daidai da capacitors guda biyu da aka haɗa a jere.
Da farko, duka capacitors ɗin ba a caji su. Bayan an haɗa su da batirin, farantin saman capacitor C zai fara aiki.1 wanda aka haɗa shi da sandar baturi mai kyau yana samun caji mai kyau saboda electrons suna motsawa daga ciki kuma farantin ƙasa na capacitor C2 Capacitor da aka haɗa da tashar tabawa ta batirin yana samun caji mara kyau saboda electrons ɗin da yake karɓa. Elektrons ɗin da aka caji mara kyau suna motsawa saboda suna jan hankali zuwa tashar tabawa mai kyau ta baturin. Daga nan sai tashar tabawa mai kyau ta baturin ta ture waɗannan electrons ɗin zuwa ƙasan farantin capacitor C.2Farantin saman capacitor C1 Farantin da aka caji mai kyau yana jawo electrons daga saman farantin capacitor C.2 don haka electrons suna motsawa zuwa farantin ƙasa na capacitor C1Sakamakon haka, farantin ƙasan capacitor C1 ya zama mara kyau kuma farantin saman capacitor C ya zama mara kyau2 zama mai kyau.
Cajin da ba shi da kyau yana fitowa daga farantin saman capacitor C1 daidai adadin da cajin mara kyau da ke shiga farantin ƙasa na capacitor C2 da kuma farantin saman capacitor C1 yana samun caji mai kyau wanda yayi daidai da girman cajin mara kyau da ke fitowa daga ciki. Haka kuma, cajin mara kyau akan farantin ƙasan capacitor C1 iri ɗaya ne da cajin mai kyau a saman farantin capacitor C2Don haka kowanne farantin jagora yana da adadin caji iri ɗaya amma alamar ta bambanta, inda farantin saman capacitor C1 caji +Q, farantin ƙasa na capacitor C1 caji -Q, farantin saman capacitor C2 caji +Q da farantin ƙasa na capacitor C2 caji -Q. A cikin da'irar jerin, adadin cajin lantarki akan capacitor C1 (Q1) = adadi cajin lantarki akan capacitor C2 (Q2) = Q.
Yaya batun ƙarfin lantarki? A cikin da'irar jerin, ƙarfin lantarki akan mai maye gurbin capacitor iri ɗaya ne da ƙarfin lantarki akan kowane capacitor, V = V1 +V2. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki akan capacitor C1 shine V1 = Q/C1, ƙarfin wutar lantarki akan capacitor C2 shine V2 = Q/C2 kuma ƙarfin wutar lantarki akan capacitor mai maye gurbin shine V = Q/C.
V = V1 +V2
Q/C = Q/C1 + Q/C2
Q/C = Q (1/C)1 + 1/C2)
1/C = 1/C1 + 1/C2
Idan akwai capacitors guda uku da aka haɗa a jere, dabarar da ke sama ta canza zuwa:
1/C = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3
Idan akwai capacitors guda huɗu to sai a ƙara 1/C4Haka nan, idan akwai capacitors guda biyar, da sauransu. Wannan ita ce dabarar tantance ƙarfin capacitor na maye gurbin capacitors da aka haɗa a jere.
A ce C1 shine 2 da C2 shine 1 to ƙarfin capacitor mai maye gurbin shine:
1/C = 1/C1 + 1/C2 = 1/2 + 1/1 = 1/2 + 2/2 = 3/2
C/1 = C = 2/3
Bisa ga wannan lissafi, an kammala da cewa ƙarfin capacitor ɗin da aka maye gurbin ya fi ƙanƙanta fiye da ƙarfin kowace capacitor da aka haɗa a jere.
Layi ɗaya da'ira
Ana kiran capacitors guda biyu da aka haɗa kamar yadda aka nuna a hagu. Hoton da ke gefen dama yana nuna capacitor daidai gwargwado tare da capacitance daidai da capacitors guda biyu da aka haɗa a layi ɗaya.
Farantin saman capacitor C1 da kuma C2 an haɗa shi da sandar baturi mai kyau ta yadda waɗannan faranti biyu za su sami ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa. A halin yanzu, farantin ƙasan capacitor C yana da ƙarfi sosai.1 da kuma C2 an haɗa shi da sandar baturi mai rauni ta yadda waɗannan faranti biyu suma suna da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki. Don haka za a iya kammala da cewa kowane capacitor da aka haɗa a layi ɗaya yana da bambancin yuwuwar iri ɗaya da bambancin yuwuwar baturi (V)1 = V2 = V).
Idan aka haɗa capacitors guda biyu masu layi ɗaya da baturi, sandar da ke da kyau ta batirin tana jawo electrons zuwa farantin saman yayin da sandar da ba ta da kyau ta batirin tana korar electrons zuwa farantin ƙasa, wanda hakan ke sa electrons su motsa daga farantin saman zuwa farantin ƙasa. Faranti biyu na sama suna rasa electrons, suna samun caji mai kyau, kuma faranti biyu na ƙasa suna samun electrons, suna samun caji mara kyau. Canja wurin electrons yana tsayawa da zarar bambancin da ke tsakanin faranti biyu na jagora ya yi daidai da bambancin da ke tsakanin batirin.
Farantin saman capacitor C1 da kuma farantin ƙasa na capacitor C1 suna riƙe da cajin lantarki iri ɗaya amma suna da alamun akasin haka. Haka kuma farantin saman capacitor C2 da kuma farantin ƙasa na capacitor C2 yana adana cajin lantarki mai girma iri ɗaya amma tare da alamomi akasin haka. Idan cajin lantarkin ya adana a cikin capacitor C1 shine Q1 da kuma cajin wutar lantarki da aka adana a cikin capacitor C2 shine Q2 to adadin wutar lantarki da aka adana a cikin capacitors guda biyu da aka haɗa a layi ɗaya shine Q = Q1 +Q2Don haka jimlar cajin wutar lantarki akan capacitors da aka haɗa a layi ɗaya ne da jimlar cajin da ke kan kowane capacitor.
Ana ƙididdige girman cajin wutar lantarki akan kowace capacitor da aka haɗa a layi ɗaya ta amfani da lissafin Q1 = C1 ΔV da Q2 = C2 ΔV yayin da aka ƙididdige girman cajin lantarki akan capacitor mai maye gurbin ta amfani da lissafin Q = C ΔV, inda Q shine cajin lantarki, C shine capacitance kuma ΔV shine bambancin ƙarfin lantarki. Lissafi Q = Q1 +Q2 an sake fasalin ta hanyar maye gurbin Q:
Q = Q1 +Q2
C₂V = C₂1 ΔV + C2 ΔV
C₂V = ΔV (C)1 +C2)
C = C1 +C2
Bambancin da ke tsakanin ΔV da sauran halittu iri ɗaya ne, don haka an cire shi daga lissafin.
Idan akwai capacitors guda uku da aka haɗa a layi ɗaya, dabarar da ke sama ta canza zuwa:
C = C1 +C2 +C3
Idan akwai capacitors guda huɗu to an ƙara C4Haka nan, idan akwai capacitors guda biyar, da sauransu. Wannan ita ce dabarar tantance capacitance na capacitor mai maye gurbin capacitors da aka haɗa a layi ɗaya.
A ce C1 shine 2 da C2 shine 1 to ƙarfin capacitor mai maye gurbin shine:
C = C1 +C2 = 2 + 1 = 3
Bisa ga wannan lissafi, an kammala da cewa ƙarfin capacitor mai maye gurbin ya fi ƙarfin kowace capacitor da aka haɗa a layi ɗaya.
