Kapasinata tana da takamaiman ƙarfin aiki. Idan ƙarfin aiki da ake buƙata bai samu ba, ana iya haɗa kapasinata biyu ko fiye don cimma ƙarfin aiki da ake buƙata. Don haɗa kapasinata daidai, fahimtar da'irorin kapasinata yana da mahimmanci.
Kafin ka yi nazarin da'irori na capacitor, da farko ka fahimci alamomin. 
Mai zuwa. Layukan tsaye guda biyu a cikin alamar capacitor suna wakiltar masu jagoranci guda biyu a cikin capacitor mai layi ɗaya. A cikin alamar baturi, layin tsaye mai tsayi yana wakiltar babban ƙarfin (+) kuma gajeriyar layin tsaye tana wakiltar ƙarancin ƙarfin (-). Layukan kwance a cikin alamun capacitor da baturi suna wakiltar wayoyi.
Da'irar Jeri
Ana kiran capacitors guda biyu da aka haɗa kamar yadda aka nuna a hagu da capacitors a jere. Hoton da ke gefen dama yana nuna capacitor mai maye gurbinsa tare da capacitance daidai da capacitors guda biyu da aka haɗa a jere.
Da farko, duka capacitors ɗin ba a caji su ta hanyar lantarki ba. Bayan an haɗa su da batirin, farantin saman capacitor C1 wanda aka haɗa shi da sandar tabbatacce na baturin zai zama caji mai kyau saboda electrons suna motsawa daga ciki kuma farantin ƙasan capacitor C2 wanda aka haɗa shi da sandar mummunan na baturin zai zama caji mai kyau saboda yana karɓar electrons. Elektrons masu caji mai kyau suna motsawa saboda sandar tabbatacce na baturin wanda aka caji mai kyau yana jan hankalin su. Na gaba, waɗannan electrons suna ture su ta sandar mummunan na batirin wanda aka caji mai kyau zuwa farantin ƙasan capacitor C2 . Farantin saman capacitor C1 wanda aka caji mai kyau yana jan electrons daga farantin sama na capacitor C2 don haka electrons ɗin su matsa zuwa farantin ƙasan capacitor C1 . Sakamakon haka, farantin ƙasan capacitor C1 zai zama caji mai kyau kuma farantin sama na capacitor C2 zai zama caji mai kyau.
Cajin mara kyau da ke fitowa daga farantin saman capacitor C1 iri ɗaya ne da cajin mara kyau da ke shiga farantin ƙasa na capacitor C2 kuma farantin saman capacitor C1 yana samun caji mai kyau wanda yayi daidai da cajin mara kyau da ke fitowa daga ciki. Haka nan, cajin mara kyau da ke ƙasan farantin capacitor C1 iri ɗaya ne da cajin mai kyau da ke saman farantin saman capacitor C2 . Don haka kowane farantin jagora yana da adadin caji iri ɗaya amma alamar ta bambanta, inda farantin saman capacitor C1 yana da cajin +Q, farantin ƙasan capacitor C1 yana da cajin -Q, farantin sama na capacitor C2 yana da cajin +Q kuma farantin ƙasan capacitor C2 yana da cajin -Q. A cikin da'irar jerin, adadin cajin lantarki da ke kan capacitor C1 ( Q 1 ) = adadin cajin lantarki da ke kan capacitor C 2 (Q 2 ) = Q.
Yaya batun ƙarfin lantarki? A cikin da'irar jerin, ƙarfin lantarki akan mai maye gurbin capacitor iri ɗaya ne da ƙarfin lantarki akan kowane capacitor, V = V1 +V2. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki akan capacitor C1 shine V1 = Q/C1, ƙarfin wutar lantarki akan capacitor C2 shine V2 = Q/C2 kuma ƙarfin wutar lantarki akan capacitor mai maye gurbin shine V = Q/C.
V = V1 +V2
Q/C = Q/C1 + Q/C2
Q/C = Q (1/C)1 + 1/C2)
1/C = 1/C1 + 1/C2
Idan akwai capacitors guda uku da aka haɗa a jere, dabarar da ke sama ta canza zuwa:
1/C = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3
Idan akwai capacitors guda huɗu to sai a ƙara 1/C4Haka nan, idan akwai capacitors guda biyar, da sauransu. Wannan ita ce dabarar tantance ƙarfin capacitor na maye gurbin capacitors da aka haɗa a jere.
A ce C1 shine 2 da C2 shine 1 to ƙarfin capacitor mai maye gurbin shine:
1/C = 1/C1 + 1/C2 = 1/2 + 1/1 = 1/2 + 2/2 = 3/2
C/1 = C = 2/3
Bisa ga wannan lissafi, an kammala da cewa ƙarfin capacitor ɗin da aka maye gurbin ya fi ƙanƙanta fiye da ƙarfin kowace capacitor da aka haɗa a jere.
Layi ɗaya da'ira
Ana kiran capacitors guda biyu da aka haɗa kamar yadda aka nuna a hagu. Hoton da ke gefen dama yana nuna capacitor daidai gwargwado tare da capacitance daidai da capacitors guda biyu da aka haɗa a layi ɗaya.
Farantin saman capacitors C1 da C2 an haɗa su da tashar baturi mai kyau, don haka suna da ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa. A halin yanzu, farantin ƙasa na capacitors C1 da C2 an haɗa su da tashar baturi mai kyau, don haka suna da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki. Saboda haka, za a iya kammala da cewa kowane capacitor da aka haɗa a layi ɗaya yana da bambancin yuwuwar daidai da bambancin yuwuwar batirin (V1 = V2 = V).
Idan aka haɗa capacitors guda biyu masu layi ɗaya da baturi, sandar da ke da kyau ta batirin tana jawo electrons zuwa farantin saman yayin da sandar da ba ta da kyau ta batirin tana korar electrons zuwa farantin ƙasa, wanda hakan ke sa electrons su motsa daga farantin saman zuwa farantin ƙasa. Faranti biyu na sama suna rasa electrons, suna samun caji mai kyau, kuma faranti biyu na ƙasa suna samun electrons, suna samun caji mara kyau. Canja wurin electrons yana tsayawa da zarar bambancin da ke tsakanin faranti biyu na jagora ya yi daidai da bambancin da ke tsakanin batirin.
Farantin saman capacitor C 1 da farantin ƙasan capacitor C 1 suna adana cajin lantarki iri ɗaya amma suna da alamun akasin haka. Haka nan, farantin saman capacitor C 2 da farantin ƙasan capacitor C 2 suna adana cajin lantarki iri ɗaya amma suna da alamun akasin haka. Idan cajin lantarki da aka adana a cikin capacitor C 1 shine Q 1 kuma cajin lantarki da aka adana a cikin capacitor C 2 shine Q 2 to jimlar cajin lantarki da aka adana a cikin capacitors guda biyu da aka haɗa a layi ɗaya shine Q = Q 1 + Q 2. Don haka jimlar cajin lantarki a cikin capacitors da aka haɗa a layi ɗaya daidai yake da jimlar cajin a cikin kowane capacitor.
Ana ƙididdige girman cajin wutar lantarki akan kowace capacitor da aka haɗa a layi ɗaya ta amfani da lissafin Q1 = C1 ΔV da Q2 = C2 ΔV yayin da aka ƙididdige girman cajin lantarki akan capacitor mai maye gurbin ta amfani da lissafin Q = C ΔV, inda Q shine cajin lantarki, C shine capacitance kuma ΔV shine bambancin ƙarfin lantarki. Lissafi Q = Q1 +Q2 an sake fasalin ta hanyar maye gurbin Q:
Q = Q1 +Q2
C₂V = C₂1 ΔV + C2 ΔV
C₂V = ΔV (C)1 +C2)
C = C1 +C2
Bambancin da ke tsakanin ΔV da sauran halittu iri ɗaya ne, don haka an cire shi daga lissafin.
Idan akwai capacitors guda uku da aka haɗa a layi ɗaya, dabarar da ke sama ta canza zuwa:
C = C1 +C2 +C3
Idan akwai capacitors guda huɗu to an ƙara C4Haka nan, idan akwai capacitors guda biyar, da sauransu. Wannan ita ce dabarar tantance capacitance na capacitor mai maye gurbin capacitors da aka haɗa a layi ɗaya.
A ce C1 shine 2 da C2 shine 1 to ƙarfin capacitor mai maye gurbin shine:
C = C1 +C2 = 2 + 1 = 3
Bisa ga wannan lissafi, an kammala da cewa ƙarfin capacitor mai maye gurbin ya fi ƙarfin kowace capacitor da aka haɗa a layi ɗaya.
