Kapasinada zai iya aiki idan faranti/shafukan gudanarwa guda biyu ba su taɓa juna ba don haka cajin wutar lantarki bai motsa daga ɗaya mai jagora zuwa ɗayan ba. Haka nan, don kada cajin wutar lantarki ya motsa daga mai jagora zuwa iska, sararin da ke tsakanin masu jagoranci biyu dole ne ya zama injin tsotsa. A cikin labarin game da masu ƙarfin farantin layi ɗaya, an tattauna ƙarfin kapasinada farantin layi ɗaya , inda aka raba faranti biyu da injin tsotsa. Ƙarfin kapasinada a cikin injin tsotsa yana da iyaka, don haka don ƙara ƙarfin, an sanya dielectric tsakanin faranti/shafukan gudanarwa guda biyu.
Dielectric wani abu ne mai hana ruwa shiga wanda ke raba faranti biyu na mai sarrafa wutar lantarki. Insulator abu ne da ba zai iya gudanar da wutar lantarki ba, kamar filastik, gilashi, takarda, ko itace. Aikin dielectric shine ƙara ƙarfin aiki, yana bawa capacitor damar adana babban adadin wutar lantarki da makamashi mai yuwuwa.
Dielectrics yana ƙara ƙarfin aiki saboda ƙarfin wutar lantarki tsakanin faranti biyu yana raguwa.
Me yasa ƙarfin capacitor ke ƙaruwa bayan an sanya dielectric tsakanin faranti/shafukan jagora guda biyu? Domin gano amsar wannan tambayar, da farko ku tuna da darasin da ke ciki. Cajin wutar lantarkiKamar yadda cajin lantarki ke korar juna yayin da ba kamar cajin lantarki ke jan hankalin juna ba. Misali, cajin da ke da kyau yana jan hankalin juna. 
tare da cajin mara kyau, amma yana korar da cajin mara kyau. To me yasa filastik mai caji mara kyau zai iya jawo hankalin ƙananan takardu waɗanda ba a caji su ta hanyar lantarki ba? Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda takardun suna fuskantar cajin mara kyau. Electrons a cikin kayan rufewa kamar takarda ba za su iya motsawa cikin 'yanci kamar electrons a cikin kayan gudanarwa ba. Don haka lokacin da aka kawo filastik mai caji mara kyau kusa da takardu, electrons da aka ɗaure zuwa atoms ana korar su daga filastik mai caji mara kyau, wanda ke haifar da rabuwar cajin mara kyau da cajin mara kyau akan takarda. Cajin mara kyau akan takarda yana nesa da filastik, yayin da cajin mara kyau akan takarda ya fi kusa da filastik. Bugu da ƙari, cajin mara kyau akan filastik yana jan cajin mai kyau akan takardu har sai takarda mai sauƙi ta matsa kusa da filastik.
Tsarin polarization, ko caja polarization, wanda ke faruwa a cikin takarda yayi kama da caja polarization da ke faruwa a cikin dielectric. Kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke hagu, misali, da farko akwai faranti biyu kawai masu caji na lantarki. Faranti na hagu yana da caji mai kyau, yayin da farantin dama yana da caji mara kyau, don haka alkiblar filin lantarki tana daga hagu zuwa dama.
Bayan an sanya dielectric tsakanin faranti biyu na conductor, positive charge a kan farantin hagu yana jan hankalin electrons a saman dielectric da ke kusa, kuma positive charge a kan farantin dama yana korar electrons a saman dielectric da ke kusa. Elektrons a cikin dielectric, wanda shine insulator, ba su da 'yancin motsawa kamar electrons a cikin conductor. Saboda haka, electrons suna ci gaba da ɗaurewa da atoms, amma akwai polarization na electrons da aka caji mara kyau da protons da aka caji mara kyau, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton. Kasancewar positive charge a gefen dama na dielectric atoms da positive charge a gefen hagu na dielectric atoms yana ƙirƙirar filin lantarki wanda aka nuna daga dama zuwa hagu, don haka yana raunana filin lantarki da aka samar da electric charge a kan conductor plate wanda aka nuna daga hagu zuwa dama. Don haka filin lantarki yana raguwa ba saboda electric charge a kan faranti/conductor sheets biyu yana raguwa ba, amma saboda electric charge yana bayyana a cikin dielectric wanda ke akasin haka. Lokacin da aka cire dielectric, ƙarfin filin lantarki da aka samar da electric charge a kan faranti/conductor sheets biyu ya koma yanayinsa na asali.
Idan ƙarfin filin lantarki da cajin lantarki ke samarwa akan faranti biyu na jagora ya ragu, to ƙarfin wutar lantarki tsakanin faranti biyu na jagora shi ma yana raguwa saboda filin lantarki.
Wutar lantarki tana daidai gwargwado kai tsaye da ƙarfin wutar lantarki kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin lissafin E = V / d, inda E = filin lantarki, V = ƙarfin lantarki da d = nisa tsakanin faranti biyu. Idan kafin akwai dielectric ƙarfin wutar lantarki shine Vo Don haka bayan akwai dielectric, ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana raguwa zuwa V ta hanyar factor na K. A lissafi, Vo = KV ko V = Vo / K ko K = Vo / V, inda K = madaidaitan dielectric. Vo > V don haka K>1.
Ya kamata a lura cewa adadin cajin lantarki a kan faranti/takardun jagora biyu ba ya canzawa don haka adadin cajin ƙarshe iri ɗaya ne da adadin cajin farko (Q = Q)o). Ana ƙididdige canjin ƙarfin capacitor ta amfani da dabarar da ke ƙasa:
Bayanin dabara: C = ƙarfin ƙarshe, C o = ƙarfin farko, Q = cajin ƙarshe, Q o = cajin farko, V = ƙarfin ƙarshe, V o = ƙarfin farko, K = mai dorewar dielectric
Dangane da lissafin da ke sama, an kammala da cewa ƙarfin farko (C₂o₂ ) ya ƙanƙanta yayin da ƙarfin ƙarshe (C) ya fi girma. Ƙarfin yana ƙaruwa da factor na K, inda K shine madaidaicin dielectric. Ƙimar dielectric mai ɗorewa ta kowane abu mai rufewa ya bambanta. Matsakaicin dielectric (K) sakamakon kwatanta ƙarfin capacitor lokacin amfani da dielectric da ƙarfin capacitor lokacin da ba a amfani da dielectric ba.
Dielectrics yana ƙara ƙarfin aiki saboda an rage nisan da ke tsakanin faranti guda biyu.
Wani aikin dielectric shine rage nisan (d) tsakanin faranti biyu na jagora ta yadda filin lantarki (E) da wutar lantarki (V) tsakanin faranti/famfo biyu na jagora zasu karu kamar yadda aka bayyana a lissafin E = V / d. Idan filin lantarki da wutar lantarki tsakanin faranti/famfo biyu suka karu to karfin capacitor din yana karuwa.
Idan capacitor ɗin da ake magana a kai faranti ne mai layi ɗaya, to ana ƙididdige capacitance ɗinsa ta amfani da dabarar da ke ƙasa:
Bisa ga dabarun guda biyu da ke sama, za a iya kammala da cewa za a iya ƙara ƙarfin (C) na capacitor na farantin layi ɗaya ta hanyar rage nisan da ke tsakanin faranti/shafukan jagora guda biyu (d).
Dielectrics yana ƙara ƙarfin aiki saboda ƙarfin dielectric na capacitor yana ƙaruwa.
Ana yin Dielectrics ne da kayan rufewa waɗanda, idan aka sanya su a cikin filin lantarki mai ƙarfi, za su fuskanci lalacewa. Rushewar Dielectric yana faruwa ne lokacin da filin lantarki yake da ƙarfi sosai har yana sa electrons su fita daga atoms, inda waɗannan electrons suka yi karo da electrons a cikin wasu atoms, suna haifar da kwararar electrons a cikin dielectric. A wata ma'anar, rushewar dielectric yana sa dielectric, wanda shine insulator na lantarki, ya zama mai jagoranci na lantarki.
Domin gujewa lalacewa, kowace dielectric da aka yi da wani abu mai hana ruwa yana da matsakaicin ƙimar filin lantarki da zai iya jurewa, wanda ake kira ƙarfin dielectric. Ƙarfin dielectric na kayan hana ruwa ya fi ƙarfin dielectric na iska girma kuma kowane abu mai hana ruwa yana da ƙarfin dielectric daban-daban, wasu ƙanana ne wasu kuma manya ne. Don haka idan aka yi amfani da dielectric mai babban ƙarfin dielectric, filin lantarki da za a iya riƙewa ya fi girma kuma ƙarfin lantarki da za a iya riƙewa shi ma ya fi girma. Idan filin lantarki da ƙarfin lantarki da faranti/shafukan mai hana ruwa biyu suka samar sun fi girma, adadin wutar lantarki da farantin mai hana ruwa zai iya ɗauka ya fi girma. Da yawan cajin da ke cikin farantin mai hana ruwa, da girman ƙarfin capacitor.
