Ukungqubuzana Kwe-Impulse Momentum - Izinkinga Nezixazululo

Ukungqubuzana Kwe-Impulse Momentum - Izinkinga Nezixazululo

1. Inhlamvu yerabha engamagremu angu-40 idubule ngokuvundlile odongeni, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi. Inhlamvu iboniswa ngesivinini esifanayo. Kuyini ushintsho ekushukumeni kwebhola?

Kwaziwa:

Isisindo (m) = amagremu angu-40 = 0.04 kg

Ijubane lokuqala (v _o ) = – 50 m/s

Ijubane lokugcina (v _t ) = 50 m/s

Isiqondiso sokuhamba kwebhola (isiqondiso sejubane) siphambene ukuze ijubane lokuqala kanye nejubane lokugcina kube nezimpawu eziphikisanayo.

Okufunwayo: Ushintsho emgudwini webhola

Isixazululo:

Ushintsho emgudwini:

Δp = m (v _t – vo _o ) = (0.04)(50 – (-50)) = (0.04)(50 + 50)

Δp = (0.04)(100) = 4 Ns

2. Ibhola lerabha elingamagremu angu-75 liphonswa ngokuvundlile ukuze lishaye udonga, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi. Ibhola libonakala ngesivinini esifanayo. Iyini i-impulse?

Kwaziwa:

Isisindo sebhola (m) = amagremu angu-75 = 0.075 kg

Ijubane lokuqala (v _o ) = -20 m/s

Ijubane lokugcina (v _t ) = 20 m/s

Isiqondiso sokuhamba kwebhola (isiqondiso sejubane) siphambene ukuze ijubane lokuqala kanye nejubane lokugcina kube nezimpawu eziphikisanayo.

Okufunwayo: Ukushukuma

Isixazululo:

Umfutho = Ushintsho emgudwini

I = Δp

I = m (v _t – vo _o ) = 0.075 (20 – (-20)) = 0.075 (20 + 20) = 0.075 (40)

I = 3 N s = 3 isekhondi likaNewton

Ukushayisana okunwebeka ngokuphelele

3. Amabhola amabili, u-A no-B, asondelana ngendiza evundlile. Ijubane lebhola u-A, u-v _A = 4 m/s kanye nejubane lebhola u-B, u-v _B = 6 m/s. Ukushayisana kunwebeka ngokuphelele. Ijubane lento u-B ngemva kokushayisana lingu-4 m/s. Liyini ijubane lebhola u-A ngemva kokushayisana.

Kwaziwa:

Isisindo sebhola A (m_A) = m

Isisindo sebhola B (m _B ) = m

Ijubane lebhola A ngaphambi kokushayisana (v _A ) = 4 m/s

Ijubane lebhola B ngaphambi kokushayisana (v _B ) = 6 m/s

Ijubane lebhola B ngemva kokushayisana (v _B ') = 4 m/s

Okufunwayo: Ijubane lebhola A ngemuva kokushayisana (v _A ')

Isixazululo:

Ubunzima bamabhola buyafana, ukuze:

Ijubane lebhola A ngaphambi kokushayisana (v _A ) = ijubane lebhola B ngemva kokushayisana (v _B ') = 4 m/s

Ijubane lebhola B ngaphambi kokushayisana (v _B ) = ijubane lebhola A ngemva kokushayisana (v _A ') = 6 m/s

Ukushayisana Okuncane Okunwebekayo

4. Izinto ezimbili ezinesisindo esifanayo zihamba emgqeni oqondile zisondela komunye nomunye, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi. Uma i-v ₂ iyijubane lento 2, ngemva kokushayisana ngakwesokudla ku-5 ms ^-1 , khona-ke ijubane lento (1) ngemva kokushayisana li...

Kwaziwa:

Isisindo sento = m

Ijubane lento 1 ngaphambi kokushayisana (v ₁ ) = 8 m/s

Ijubane lento 2 ngaphambi kokushayisana (v ₂ ) = 10 m/s

Ijubane lento 2 ngemva kokushayisana (v ₂ ') = 5 m/s

Okufunwayo: Ijubane lento 1 ngemva kokushayisana (v ₁ ')

Isixazululo:

m ₁ v ₁ + m ₂ v ₂ = m ₁ v ₁ ' + m ₂ v ₂ '

m (v ₁ + v ₂ ) = m (v ₁ ' + v ₂ ')

v ₁ + v ₂ = v ₁ ' + v ₂ '

8 + 10 = v ₁ ' + 5

18 = v ₁ ' + 5

v ₁ ' = 18-5

v ₁ ' = 13 m/s

5. Into A enesisindo esingu-4 kg kanye nento B enesisindo esingu-5 kg ​​ziyasondelana ngendiza evundlile njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi. Ngemva kokushayisana, ijubane lebhola A = 4 m/s kanye nejubane lebhola B = 2 m/s. Iyini ijubane lebhola B ngaphambi kokushayisana.

Kwaziwa:

Isisindo sento A (m_A) = 4 kg

Isisindo sento BB (m _B ) = 5 kg

Ijubane lento A ngaphambi kokushayisana (v _A ) = 6 m/s

Ijubane lento A ngemva kokushayisana (v _A ') = 4 m/s

Ijubane lento B ngemva kokushayisana (v _B ') = -2 m/s

Izimpawu ze-plus kanye ne-minus zibonisa ukuthi amabhola anesiqondiso esiphambene.

Okufunwayo: Ijubane lebhola B ngaphambi kokushayisana (v _B )

Isixazululo:

m _A v _A + m _B v _B = m _A v _A ' + m _B v _B '

(4)(6) + (5)(-2) = (4)(4) + (5)(v _B ')

24 – 10 = 16 + 5(v _B ')

14 – 16 = 5 (v _B ')

-2 = 5 (v _B ')

v _B ' = -2/5

v _B ' = -0.4

Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi indlela ibhola eliya ngayo ngemva kokushayisana iphambene nendlela ibhola eliya ngayo ngaphambi kokushayisana.

Ekushayisane kwepulasitiki​

6. Ibhola elingamakhilogremu amabili kanye nebhola elingamakhilogremu angu-1 lisondelana ngendiza evundlile, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.

Ijubane lebhola 1, v ₁ = 2 ms ^-1 kanye nejubane lebhola 2, v ₂ = 4 ms ^-1 . Ngemva kokushayisana, kokubili kunamathelana. Iyini ijubane ngemva kokushayisana?

Kwaziwa:

Isisindo sebhola 1 (m₁) = 2 kg

Isisindo sebhola 2 (m2 ₎ = 1 kg

Ijubane lebhola 1 ngaphambi kokushayisana (v ₁ ) = 2 m/s

Ijubane lebhola 2 ngaphambi kokushayisana (v ₂ ) = -4 m/s

Isiqondiso sokuhamba kwebhola (isiqondiso sejubane) siphambene ukuze ijubane lebhola 1 kanye nejubane lebhola 2 kube nezimpawu eziphikisanayo.

Okufunwayo: Isivinini ngemva kokushayisana (v')

Isixazululo:

m ₁ v ₁ + m ₂ v ₂ = (m ₁ + m ₂ ) v'

(2)(2) + (1)(-4) = (2 + 1) v'

4 – 4 = (3) v'

0 = (3) v'

v' = 0

1. Iyini i-influence-momentum theorem?

Impendulo: Ithiyori ye-impulse-momentum ithi i-impulse esetshenziswa entweni ilingana noshintsho ku-momentum yayo. Ngokwezibalo, $i-I\; mpulse=F\times \Delta t=\Delta p,$ lapho $u-F$ kungamandla ajwayelekile asetshenziswa khona, $u-\Delta t$ yisikhathi lapho amandla asetshenziswa khona, kanti $u-\Delta p$ kungushintsho ku-momentum.

2. Isimiso sokugcina umfutho sisetshenziswa kanjani ngesikhathi sokushayisana?

Impendulo: Ohlelweni oluhlukanisiwe (akukho mandla angaphandle), umfutho ophelele ngaphambi kokushayisana ulingana nomfutho ophelele ngemva kokushayisana. Lokhu kuyiqiniso kokubili ukushayisana okunwebekayo kanye nokunganwebeki.

3. Hlukanisa phakathi kokushayisana kwe-elastic kanye ne-inelastic.

Impendulo: Ekungqubuzaneni okunwebekayo, kokubili amandla omfutho kanye ne-kinetic kuyalondolozwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amandla e-kinetic aphelele ngaphambi kokungqubuzana alingana namandla e-kinetic aphelele ngemva kokungqubuzana. Ekungqubuzaneni okune-elastic, kuyilapho amandla e-kinetic elondolozwa, amandla e-kinetic awalondolozwa ngempela, futhi amanye angaguqulwa abe ezinye izinhlobo zamandla njengokushisa noma umsindo.

4. Kungani ibhola eligxumagxumayo ligcina lingasagxumagxuma uma liwa lisuka endaweni ethile ephakeme?

Impendulo: Ngisho noma ibhola lishayisana nomhlabathi cishe, akuwona wonke amandla alo e-kinetic aguqulwa abe amandla angase abe khona. Amanye amandla alahleka kwezinye izinhlobo ezifana nokushisa, umsindo, kanye nokuguquguquka kwangaphakathi ebholeni. Ngenxa yalokho, ngokushaya ngakunye, ukuphakama kwehla kuze kube yilapho ibhola ligcina lime.

5. Ukushukuma kuhlobene kanjani noshintsho lwejubane?

Impendulo: I-Impulse iwumkhiqizo wamandla ajwayelekile kanye nesikhathi esebenza ngaso entweni. Uma kubhekwa i-impulse-momentum theorem, i-impulse ilingana noshintsho ku-momentum. Kwinto enobunzima obungaguquki, i-momentum ( $p)\; iyi-mass\; (m)\; \times \; velocity(v$$)$ . $Ngakho-ke,ushintshoku-momentumlushoushintshoku-$ velocity.

6. Engozini yezimoto ezimbili lapho zombili izimoto zima khona ngokuphelele, ingabe umfutho usagciniwe?

Impendulo: Yebo, umfutho usagciniwe. Umfutho ophelele wezimoto ezimbili ngaphambi kokushayisana uzolingana nomfutho ophelele ngemva kokushayisana. Njengoba zombili izimoto zima, umfutho wazo ngamunye u-zero, kodwa umfutho wazo ohlangene usafana nowangaphambi kokushayisana.

7. Umfutho olethwa yi-airbag emotweni unciphisa kanjani umthelela kumgibeli ngesikhathi sengozi?

Impendulo: I-airbag yandisa isikhathi lapho kwenzeka khona ukwehla kwejubane lomgibeli. Ngokwandisa isikhathi, amandla ajwayelekile atholwa ngumgibeli (ngenxa ye-impulse-momentum theorem) ayancishiswa, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ingozi yokulimala.

8. Kungani abasubathi bedlala “ukugoqa” lapho befika besuka endaweni ephakeme kakhulu?

Impendulo: Ngokugingqika lapho efika, umsubathi wandisa isikhathi sokushaya. Lesi sikhathi eside sinciphisa amandla ajwayelekile atholakala ngesikhathi sokufika, kunciphisa ingozi yokulimala. Kuwukusetshenziswa kwe-impulse-momentum theorem empilweni yangempela.

9. Umfutho uhlobene kanjani nomthetho wesithathu kaNewton wokunyakaza?

Impendulo: Umthetho wesithathu kaNewton uthi kuzo zonke izenzo, kukhona ukusabela okulinganayo nokuphambene. Ekushayisaneni, into eyodwa isebenzisa amandla kwesibili, kanti eyesibili isebenzisa amandla alinganayo naphambene kweyokuqala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ushintsho kumfutho (noma i-impulse) olutholwa yinto eyodwa lulingana ngobukhulu futhi luphambene nolunye uhlangothi nolwenye into, okuqinisekisa ukulondolozwa komfutho.

10. I-engeli yokwenzeka kokushayisana ithinta kanjani ijubane elibangelwa yizinto ezishayisanayo?

Impendulo: I-engeli yokwenzeka inganquma indlela yejubane elivelayo ngemva kokushayisana. Ekushayisane okunezinhlangothi ezimbili, ukulondolozwa komfutho kumele kusetshenziswe ngokwehlukana kwezingxenye ezivundlile neziqondile. Kuye nge-engeli yokushayisana kanye nezakhiwo zezinto, lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni eyahlukahlukene maqondana nesiqondiso kanye nobukhulu bejubane elivelayo.

1. Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kokushukuma kanye nomfutho?
   • Impendulo: I-Impulse ushintsho ku-momentum yento. Ngokwezibalo, i-implice iwumphumela wamandla nesikhathi esebenza ngaso, futhi ilingana noshintsho ku-momentum.
2. Ukulondolozwa komfutho kusebenza kanjani ekushayisaneni?
   • Impendulo: Esimisweni esihlukanisiwe (lapho kungekho mandla angaphandle asebenzayo), umfutho ophelele ngaphambi kokushayisana ulingana nomfutho ophelele ngemva kokushayisana. Lesi yisimiso sokulondolozwa komfutho.
3. Hlukanisa phakathi kokushayisana kwe-elastic kanye ne-inelastic.
   • Impendulo: Ekungqubuzaneni okunwebekayo, kokubili amandla omfutho kanye ne-kinetic ayalondolozwa. Ekungqubuzaneni okunwebekayo, kuyilapho amandla omfutho elondolozwayo, amandla e-kinetic awalondolozwa. Ukungqubuzana okunwebekayo ngokuphelele kuyisigaba esincane lapho izinto zinamathelana khona ngemva kokungqubuzana.
4. Kungani ibhola eligxumagxumayo ligcina lingasagxumagxuma uma liwiswa ngokuphindaphindiwe?
   • Impendulo: Akukho ukungqubuzana okunwebeka ngokuphelele ngenxa yezici ezifana nokumelana nomoya kanye namandla okuguquguquka. Ngokugxuma ngakunye, amanye amandla e-kinetic ebhola aguqulwa abe ezinye izinhlobo, njengokushisa, okuholela ekugxuma okuncane nokuncane okulandelayo kuze kube yilapho liyeka.
5. I-pulse enikezwa yi-airbag iwanciphisa kanjani amathuba okulimala ngesikhathi sengozi yemoto?
   • Impendulo: I-airbag yandisa isikhathi sokushayisana. Ngokwenza kanjalo, kunciphisa amandla ajwayelekile asetshenziswa kumgibeli, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ingozi yokulimala.
6. Kungani kulula ukubamba iqanda eliluhlaza ngokuhambisa isandla sakho ngokunyakaza kweqanda lapho libamba kunokugcina isandla sakho singashintshi?
   • Impendulo: Ngokushukumisa isandla sakho ngokunyakaza kweqanda, wandisa isikhathi sokushaya. Lokhu kunciphisa amandla ajwayelekile eqandeni, okwenza kube lula ukuthi liphuke.
7. Uchwepheshe wekarate uphula kanjani ibhodi noma isitini ngesandla sakhe ngaphandle kokuzilimaza?
   • Impendulo: Uchwepheshe wekarati usebenzisa ukunyakaza okusheshayo nokunembile ukuze adlulisele umfutho omkhulu ngesikhathi esifushane. Ukudluliselwa okusheshayo komfutho kuyaphula ibhodi, kodwa isandla asihlali sixhumene isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuze simunce amandla alimazayo.
8. Kungani kuyingozi ukuphumula phakathi komgwaqo omkhulu ohamba ngesivinini esikhulu?
   • Impendulo: Uma imoto ehamba ngesivinini esikhulu ishayisana nento engashintshi (noma umuntu), ushintsho lomfutho (kanjalo nomfutho) lwenzeka ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, okuholela emandleni amakhulu kakhulu. Lawa mandla amakhulu angabangela umonakalo omkhulu.
9. Uma izinto ezimbili zishayisana, kungani enye ingase ibhekane namandla amakhulu kunenye, noma ngabe izinguquko zazo emsindweni zifana?
   • Impendulo: Nakuba ushintsho ku-momentum (kanjalo nomfutho) lufana kuzo zombili izinto ngenxa yomthetho wesithathu kaNewton, amandla atholwa yinto ancike ekutheni ushintsho lomfutho lwenzeka ngokushesha kangakanani. Uma into eyodwa inesikhathi esifushane sokushayisana, izobhekana namandla amakhulu.
10. Kungani eminye imishini yezemidlalo, njengamagilavu ​​​​e-baseball noma ama-cricket pad, inezimbobo zokugqoka?

• Impendulo: Ukugoqa kwandisa isikhathi lapho kwenzeka khona ukushayisana (njengebhola elishaya imishini). Lokhu kusakaza i-pulse isikhathi eside, kunciphisa amandla ajwayelekile kanye nokulimala okungenzeka.